इंटरनेट मानक

Disclosure to Promote the Right To Information

Whereas the Parliament of India has set out to provide a practical regime of right to
information for citizens to secure access to information under the control of public authorities,
in order to promote transparency and accountability in the working of every public authority,
and whereas the attached publication of the Bureau of Indian Standards is of particular interest
to the public, particularly disadvantaged communities and those engaged in the pursuit of
education and knowledge, the attached public safety standard is made available to promote the
timely dissemination of this information in an accurate manner to the public.

“जान1 का अ+धकार, जी1 का अ+धकार” “प0रा1 को छोड न' 5 तरफ”

Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan Jawaharlal Nehru
“The Right to Information, The Right to Live” “Step Out From the Old to the New”

IS 3400-14 (1984): Methods of test for vulcanized rubbers,

Part 14: Adhesion of rubber to metal [PCD 13: Rubber and
Rubber Products]

“!ान $ एक न' भारत का +नम-ण”

Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda
“Invent a New India Using Knowledge”

“!ान एक ऐसा खजाना > जो कभी च0राया नहB जा सकता ह”

है”
ह
Bhartṛhari—Nītiśatakam
“Knowledge is such a treasure which cannot be stolen”
 I$:34OO(Part14)-1984
(( ReaffIrmed
Reaffirmed1993
2003) )

Indian Standard
METHODS OF
TEST FOR VULCANIZED RUBBERS
PART 14 ADHESION OF RUBBER TO METAL

(First Revision)
Second Reprint MARCH 1909

UDC 678.43/.44 : 620.179.4 : 669

0 Copyright 1984
BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS
MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI 110002

Gr5 August 1984

 18:‘3J00(Part14)-1984

Indian Standard
METHODS OF
TEST FOR VULCANIZED RUBBERS
PART 14 ADHESION OF RUBBER TO METAL

( First Revision )
Rubber Products Sectional Committee, PCDC, 13
Cti 1plpru*lrinl
DE D. B~JXB &con Coxuu1tant.aPvt Ltd, Cslcuttr
M#mben
SEBI M. L. BAEXUXI Ministry of Defencc ( R & D )
Saax K. D. CEAUIUXARY
( &wn& )
SHSI A. T. BASAK Direc&cte General of Supplieq & Disposala, New-
DE P. S. BEAB~AVA Alkali 8r chemicala Corporation of Indii Ltd. Ri&ra
SHSI N. C. SAXAJDA~( Alknrcrsr)
6HerA.K.Boam Dirste ;?$” General of Technical Development, New
3
SEBI R. N. P. Do- ( A&an& )
I)B S. .N. CEAXXAVAETY Modi Rubber Ltd, Modipuram
SEBI L. K. MATHUB ( Akrnd )
S~sr w. G. MAI All Indii Rubber Industries Aaaochtion, Botnby
SEXI P. ~BIDEtiAN ( dMUUf# )
SEBI 0. P. DHAYIJ~ Export Inspection Council of India, ClIcutt~
sliB1P~K.cEAFlsB~(-)
SEBI B. &7TTA Ben@ Waterproof Ltd, Calcutta
SERI S. B. G,~OULI Dunlop India Ltd, Calcutta
SEEI T. V. RAXAOEAXD~AI~ ( Al&m& )
SZEI A. G~IUJB JOEX % Rubber Factory Ltd, Madrar
SIKBIK. J. hBAHAM ( A&um& )
SEBI A. GH~OH National Test Hotme, Calcutta
SBBI LAUT Moau JAXUADM Cosma It&a Rubber Works Pvt Ltd, Bqmbay
SHSI Pulra L. KIH~~IV~ALA ( <rti8 .
SEEI R. C JEINOAX All hworatioa Ltd, Bombay
S~~~M.Ic.J~~ll(diErnulr)
JOINTDmxnm ( RUBBXB ) Rcsarcrc~gm t Standardr Organiitida,
DPURDIBXXOI(STAT)(MP)(AU~)
SERI S. V. LATRIA Lathis Rubber Manufacturing Co Pvt Ltd. Bombay
Sler Y. S. LATEXA( Al&m& )
8-x s. K MwxwAIH hrdira -icab Corporation Ltd, Vadw
SKUIR. s. PATEL ( dbnub)
(Crtinulrn~2
QCIRrylllQI(’
BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS

-
 Manbus w-w
IhR. N. bbHiWZBA Smthetia 8ad Ghemicda Ltd, Bomba
DB B. SWYAEUBAYAXAN ( dlur&e)
mw.ti0 Idho Rubber _R&Aroduia,

S- N. NAOABAJAN sundnm Industries Pvt Ltd. Ahdur8i

SEEI P. VI~AYABAQHAVU( d&h& )
Snt S. C NAHDY Bats Iadh Ltd. Calcutm
SBEXsmm SAEBAE.( Altemats)
SBBI R. R. PASDIT Bayer ( India )‘Ltd, Bombay
SBBYD. J. BHAUUOHA( Ahnmh )
SBU L S.-RADEAXB~EB~~ Nation4 Rubber I&&Mums Ltd, chutt8
SEBI R. P. MATE~E ( hfmuf8 )
Ssm B. C. Smm MinistryofDefmce(RhD,)
SEBXV. BEATTAOIUBYA(&UM~O)
Stir E. V. TEOYAB Rubber Rwearcb htitute of Indh, Kotay-
DRU.G.K~CABU(-)
SEW bf. S. S-A, Diitor thleral, IS1 ( Ev-#ci. - )
DiNctoP(PhC)
w.
SHBI T. R. RAJAGOPALAB
Deputy Director ( P h C ), IS1

Methods of Testing Vulcanized Rubbera Subcommittee, PCDC 13 : 9

Ihs. N. CEAXBAVAElT Modi Rubber hd, Modipumn

Akhrs
SBBIL.K.MATEUB(-t0
Dr S. N. Chakravarty )
I)r P. S. BE~~QAVA Alkqli h Cb6mial Gaponth of Indh Ltd,
‘Rkh
SarrN.C. SAYIWDAB(.~~M&)
dluB. C~LI~~IIABTP Enon Conmltmta Pvt Ltd, Chkuth
Sxu J. CEATP=J- Andrew Yule h Co Ltd, Qkutm
SEBXA;K. BIMVAS(~)
DBCIC.DU Nhoaal Rubber M&~uh%uera Ltd, Calcutu
SERI R. P. MATEVB ( AIfmrdr )
&BI R. N. P. DUBBY Directctr&e&ener81 of Tcchniul Development,

.DBV,R.B.MA-(Am)
Smu C P. IN~AB Cosmos India Rubber World Pvt Ltd, Born&y
SariSaGmrr(~)
SRI 0. R. KAVDWIVU Indkn Rubber Regenerating Co Ltd, Bornby
smm P. 5. VtzMtx ( Altmmte )
8tiI S. K. hdrnrEWAt1 Indhn Petrockntiala Cwpontion Ltd,
Vadhn
IhY.N.S~urrn (Ati)
(cnrirvd8n~g417)

2
 IS:34oo(Portl4)-1984 ’

Indian Standard
METHODS OF
TEST FOR VULCANIZED RUBBERS
PART 14 ADHESldN OF RUBBER TO MET/AL

( First Revision )

0. FOREWORD
@.IThis Indian Standard ( First Revision ) was adopted by the Indian
Standards Institution on 22 March 1984, after the draft finalized by the
Rubber Products Sectional Committee had been approved by the
Petroleum, Coal and Related Products Division Council.
0.2 The need for a standard method for the determination of bond
strength between rubber and metal has been felt for the standardization
of quality in different rubber Products like resilient mounting and
engine mounting. The reasons for failure of bonds in these articles are
rather complicated in service, due to local stress concentration either by
a suddenly im d excessive shock or due to fatigue under different
dynamic. con dp”
‘tions. However, it was considered essential to formulate
a standard method of test under Standard laboratory conditions to
provide data for the developtint and control of rubber compounds and
their methods of manufacture.
0.3 Three methods have been prescribed in this standard: Method A
covers the procedure for testing the strength of rubber to metal bonds by
ation where the rubber part is adhering to a metal surface while
Z=ethod B ,covers the procedure for measurmg the force required to
cause the rupture of a unit of standard dimensions, comprising rubber
bonded to two parallel metal plates. Method C which has been inclu-
ded in this revision specifies a method for measuring the static vulcanized
adhesion strength of rubber compound where test piece is composed of
two conical ends of a rigid material joined by a cylinder of rubber.

0.4 In the preparation of this standard, assistance has been freely drawn
from the following publications:
ISO/813-1974 Vulcanized rubber - Determination of adhesion to
.metal - One plate method. International Organization for
Standardization.
3
 160/814-1974 Vulcanized rubbers - Determination of adhesion to
metal Two plate method. International Organization 2for
Standardization. c,
‘ISO/5600-1979 Rubber - Determination of adhesion to rigid
materials using conical shaped parts. Qrternationai Organixation~
for Standardization.

0.5 For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of

this standard is complied with, the 6nai value, observed or calculated,
expressing the result of test or analysis, shall be rounded off in actor
dance with IS : 2-1960*. The number of significant places retained in
the rounded off value should be the same as that of the specified value
in this standard..

1. SCOPE
1.1 Thii standard covers preparation of test pieces and. the procedure of
testing the adhesion of rubber to metal where these have been bonded
and vulcanized.
1,&l These tests may be used after suitable.modi&ation for know-
ing the comparative bond strength of production parts whenever the
design permits preparation of suitable test pieces.,’ It is also useful for
preparation of test pieces in the laboratory under standard conditions
to provide data for the development and control of rubber vulcanixates
for rubber-metal bonding purposes. Results obtained with one proce
dure will not necessarily be identical with those obtained with the other
procedure.

z TERMINOLOGY
21 For the purpose of this standard, definitions given in IS : 34%
1965t, shall apply.

3. METEOD A -RUBBRR ASSEMBLED TO ONE MRTAL

PLATE
S.1 olltline of the Method - The test consists of measuringthe force
required to cause separation of a rubber part adhering to a metal surface,
the angle of separation and the width and thickness of the rubber beimg
fixed within agreed limits. The angle of separation is 90”.

*Rules for roundin off numerical values ( m&d ).

wlouuy of terma“for adhaim aad w iemjtive tdba3ve mph.

4
 lsS34oo(P8rtlY )-2984

3.2 .Appu8tum
3.2.1 Tutiiy Mach&u - Any. suitable tensile strength testing machine
capable bf accurately rig&ring maximum force in Newtons obtained
during the test and of maintaining the specified constant rate of separa-
tion of the jaws of 50 * 5 mm/minutes.
Nell - Inertia ( penddum ) type dynamometera are apt to give rerulta which
d&r beaue of frictionai and inertial effects.’ A low inertia ( for example, electronic
or optical traruducw ) type dynamometer givea resulta which M free from these
effbztamd ir, therefore, to be preferred.

3.2.2 Future - Any suitable Sxture for holding the test piece to the
upper head of the machine may be wd provided the direction of pull to
cause separation is at all times, dtiring the test, as nearly perpendicular as
possible to’the plane of the rubber-to-metal bond, that is, makiig an
angle of 90” with the top holding fixture. A typical fixture is shown
in Fig. 1.
N--The tena& force ir lppIied at an angle of 90” to the piane of t& rubber-
to-metal bd.
ATTACHMENT TO
UPPER HEAO OF
TESTING MACHINE

150 TO 155mm

Pm. 1 TESTFRCRJRS
101THBADHESION TZST

323GiQ- Any suitable grip may be used providei it does not

allow the rubber to slip or awe it to rupture,
3.3 8-d Temt Piece- The test piece shall consist of a 6 f 0-l
mm thick strip of rubber 25 f 01 mm wide and 125 mm long adher-
ing to 8 25 mm* area of the face of the metal. The dimensions of the
metal strip shall be 1’5 f 0’1 mm thick, 25 f 0’1 mm wide and 60 f
O-1 mm long. The test piece shall be so prepared that the bonded area
of metal to rubber ,qf 25 mm kngth and 25-O f @I mm width ir
approximately in the middle of the metal strip as shown in Fig. 2
3.4 wamtioa ofbcludrrd Test l’iece
SAl Single or multiple cavity xnoulda m8y be used for vukankation
depending on the numberoftest jSece8.

5
 All dimensions in millimetrer.
Fro. 2 TEST PIECB FOR METHODA
3.4.1.1 When the, test pieces are to be made usiag one mix and one
type of adhesive system, a mould for several test pieces may be used.
The inside mould dimension parallel to the longitudinal axis of the
metal sotip shall be 125 mm. The dimeasioa along the transverse axis
of the metal strip may be altered according to the a-ber of test pieces
to be cured at one time. The dimension perpendicular to the loagitu-
diaal and transverse axis of the metal strip shall be 7.50 f O-05 mm.
3.4.12 When only one test piece is to be made from a given mix, a
mould as described in 3.4.1.1 shall be used except that the dimension
along the transverse axis of the metal strip shall be restricted to the
width of the test piece.
3.4.2 Uavu!caaized rubber slabs 8.0 mm thick shall be cut to the
dim&ions of the required side for the mould ( see Fig. 3 ) for suitable
rnpuld design so as to prpyide maximum pressure of the rubber against
the metal surface during v@lcaaizatioa ( length 125 mm, width aqordiag
to the number of test pieces to be vulcanized ).
3.4.3 Durmg assembly and vulcanization, great care shall be taken
to keep ihe surfacei to be bonded clean aad free from dust, mo;riture aad
othc,T foreign material.
3.4.3.1 Rectaagular metal strips of the staqdard dimeasioas described
in 3.3 shall have the area to be bonded, prepared in accordance with the
method for securing adhesion that may be under investigaition. Both
ends shall be marked with pressure sensitive tape so that the area des-
cribed in 3.3 is available for adhesion.
3.4.3.2 The rubber surface to be bonded shall be’ solvent washed or
treated by a method agr%d to between the concerned parties.
6
 Isr$4oo(Part14)-1964

il

SECTION AA
All dimensions in millimetrea.
Fxo. 3 ADHESION TEST SPECIMENMOULD

3.4.3.3 The metal strips and rubber slabs shall then be assembled for
vulcanization. When more than one test piece is prepared at a time,
the metal strips shall be placed approximately 3 mm apart to allow for
separation of the test pieces. The assembly shall then be placed in the
mould with the metal strips at the bottom. Vulcanixatiod ihall be
carried out by heating the mould under pressure for a definite time at a
controlled tempera&e in a suitable vulcanizing press. The time and
temperature of vul canixation shall be aa agreed to between the concerned
par&s.- .At the conclusion of the cure, care shall be taken in removing
the test pieces fionr the mould to avoid subjecting the bonded surfaces to
atresa before the teat pieces have cooled.

7
ISa9499(Prrtl4)-19S4

. S&4 When more than one test piece is vulcanized at one time, the
test pieces shall he separated from each other in preparation for testing.
This shxll be done by cutting with scissors, handknife or other suitable
equipment. The edges of the test pieces may then be buffed on a belt
sander to bring the edge of the rubber flash to the edge of the edge
strip. Care shall be-taken not to overheat the metal parts or the rubber
and not to reduce the width bf the test piece beyond the tolerance
allowed.
2.5 Conditb~‘the TomtPiece - The test piece shall be conditioned
fk at, least .16 hours at 27% & 2%. The time between vulcanization
and test shall not be more than 6 days. Use the same temperature
throughout any one test or serie’r of tests.
S.6 Proddura - Place the test piece symmetrically in the 6xture shown
in Pig.‘1 with the separating edge towards the operator. Before the
load is applied, strip the rubber from the-metal plate for a distance of
approximately 1.5 mm by using a sharp knife. Then place the tab so
fbrmed in the grip, which is then moved at the rate of 50 f 5 mm/min
until separation ts complete. Record the maximum force required to
cause separation over the distance of25 mm. Repeat this expe&ment
with four test pieces.
.Nnm - Aa autognpaic recordii of the sdhaion value ovm the full Ieagth of
thepiecemayahobetaken. Durq&heheti~;~tor ahall cut the .rubby back
tochemmt8ltvbwmvw tbcNbbtru

3.7 %pnuiar ofBenl8a 7 Express th4 8dhesion value in newtons

per millimetre of width.

S7.1 ddh#stan FSlur# 4jmboII - The adhesion failures are denoted by

symbols, which are de&red a8 given below:
a) R Failure in the rubber;
b) RC Failure in the rubber/cover cement inter face;
c) CP Failure at the cover cement/prime cement inter face;
and
d) M. F&re at themetal~prime cement inter fm.

m=Pofi - Thsfollowing shall be included in the repott:

a) luj four test results in accordance with’3.R

b) A description of thetype of failure in accordance with S7.1, with
expre&on of percentage failtire of each type pre&nG
c) .A descriptionof tktest piece inch&g the method of securing
the adhesioru‘

8
_- .

4 Date of vulcanization;

4 Date of test;
f) Time and temperature of vulcanization; and

fd Temperature of test.

c ~Txm~--~uBB”R ASSEMBLED -4wo

Cl Olltline of the Method

4.1.1 This method covers the procedure for testing the adhesive
strength of tibber-to-metal bonds where the rubber -is assembled
betwean two parallel metal plates.

4.1.2 The test consists of measuring the &ce required to cause the
rupture of a unit of standard dimensions comprising rubber bonded to
two parallel metal plates, the djrection of- force being at 90’ to the
bonding surface.

4.2.1 Tens& Strength 7esting Machine - Any rujtabk tensile atret@

testing machine capable of accurately m@ering t&aximum force in
nawtorq obtained during the test and of maintaining the sp&iid constant
rate of separation of th&jaws of 25 f 5 mm/x&n.

NOTI - Inertia ( pendulum ) type dynamometas M ‘kp~ to. gin r&h whkb
ditl’a because of frictional and inertial elects. A low hutia (for exunple,
ektronic or optical transducer ) type dynamomqtm give4 rarlta which am free &om
these &ca 8nd is# therefore, to be preferraL

c22 FJxrrn - The Cxture for holding the test pkces in Ithe testing
machine shall permit accurate centering of the applkd k&d during the
test ( sea Fig. + ).

4.3 Temt Piece - The teat piece shall consist of a rubber cylinder
3-O f O-2. mm thick and of any diameter between 35 to 40. mm With a
tolerance of @ 1 mm between different test pieces having its circular ends
bonded to the faces of two metal plates of ual diketer. The diameter
of the metal plate shall be approximately @3 mm less than that of rubkr
cylinder. The tl+ckness of the metal plates shall be n& less thaq 9 mm.
A typical test piece is shown in Fig. 5.

9
Irs4oo.(P8rt14)-1984

$OR
\

PART A TAIL FILLET TO

SUIT TEST MACHINE

eART B DRILL FILLET

THREAOED TO SUIT
TAKE PART A

t. h ‘: A.,
I
t

i-51 TO 5694 ’

PART C SPLIT ACROSS TO

ACCEPT TEST PIECE AND
;ftlfA;ED TO FIT INTO

Ali dipumsioxuin millimetres.

FIO. 4 E~WREFOR HOLDSNO
RUBBERTO METAL BONDED- PIECES’
10
 All dimensions in millimetrea.
FIG. 5 TEST PIECEFOR METHODB

4.4 Prepration of Teat Pieces - Prepare the test pieces as follows:

Prepare circular metal parts of the standard dimension from
rolled carbon steel bar. Treat the smooth metal parts with the
adhesion system agreed to<between the concerned parties. Cut
unvulcanized rubber discs usmg a circular die of such size that a
limited amount of flash is obtained on moulding. Treat the surface
of the rubber to be bonded to the metal by the inethod agreed to
between the concerned parties. Assemble,the rubber discs and
metal” pieces for vulcanizatioq in the mould. A typical mould ‘is
S&WI-Jiti Fig. 6. Construct the mould so that the rubber projects
b)iond the edgejof the met?1 end piecq by apprqximqely 0.04 mm
in brdbr to prevept tearing of the .rubber by the edge of the pletal
during test.
Now - Other me@ may be used if the parts are in conformity with Fntial
dime&ma.
During the preparation of the test piece, take care to keep the
exposed surfaces of the rubber and metal free from dust, moisture
and foreign matter. Do not touch the surface by hand during
assembly. Can-y out the vulcanization by heating in the mould for
a definite time at a controlled temperature under pressure .in a
suitable vulcanizing press. Adjust the time and temperature of
cure for the rubber compound used in ,accordance, with the system
agreed to between the ebncerned parties. At the conclusion,of.the
CUT, take care in removing fhe test pieces from the mould to avoid
subJtcting the bonded surfaces to undue’ stress before the seat pieces
have cooled.

11
 All dimensions in millimetrea
Fro. 6 DETAILED DRAWING OF A Mourn FOR.
ADHESIONTESTPIBCEI

4.3 Conditienissg t&e Test Piece - The test piec.es shall be

conditioned as specified lh 33.
4.6 Procedprc - Mount the test piece in the testing machine. Carefully
centte and .adjust the test piece so that the tension is uniformly distributed
in the cross section during the test. Apply tension by separating the
jaws at a rate of separation of 25 -k 5 mm/n%, until the test piece
breaks. Record the maximum .force. Repeat the test .with four test
pieces.
~7 Rxpremsion of Redts - The adhesion shall be calculated by
dividin the maximum fopze by the cross-sectional area of the test piece.
It shall L expressed in meganewtons per square metre.

403Report- The report shall include the following:

4 All four results calculated ih accordance with 0,

b) A description of type of failure in accordance tiith 3.7.1 with
expression of percentage failure of each type present;

4 A description of the method of securing the adhesion, and whether

the test piece was prepared in the laboratory or taken from a
production line;

12
 IS*HOO(Part14)-1984

d) Date of vulcanizatioq;
e) Date of test;
f) Time and temperature of vulcanization;
.g) Temperature of test and
h) Metal usad, if other than the specified steel.

5. MeTHOD ‘C -MEASURKNG ,ADHESlON OF RUBBRR TO

METAL wrrff A CONICAL SPECIMEN
5.1 OutWe of the Method
5.1.1The test consists in measuring the force required to cause the
rupture of a fest piece of’standard dimensions, comprising a cylindrical
rubber body bonded to two conical metal parts. The particular geometry
of the specimen produces;in most cases, an interfacial failure between
rubber and conical parts, because of a stress concentration at the tip of
the cones.
5.1.2 The ad&ion is obtained by a bonding system which may include
not only the metaI and the rubber compound, but other elements such as
thin alloy coatings OL chemical treatments of metal parts and either a
single cement or both primer and cover cements. The bonding system
for preparing the test pieces should be adequately specified by the
user.
5.13 The method is designed primarily to apply to test pieces prepared
in the laboratory under standard conditions in order to provide data for
development and control of bonding systems and their components, such
as cements or other compounds, and of methods of matmfactu~ce.

S2 Apparrtua
5.2.1 T&ing Machin - capable of recording within 2 percent fhe,
maximum force obtained during the test, and of maintaining the specified
constant rate of separation of the jaws
NOTE : Inertia ( pmdulurlr, ) type dynamomctna are apt to ive resulta which
differ because of frictional and inertial &faztq A low-in&la type 8 ~mometcr ( for
example, uring electronic or optical transducer ) gives resulta which are free from
thir e&t, sod is, therefore, to be preferred.

5.2.2Grip - For holding the test pieces in the testing machine Which
permit accurate centring of the applied load during the test.

§.3 Test Piece

53.1 Form and Dimmsionr - The standard test piece (stt Fig. 7 ) is
formed by two cylindrical metal parts terminated by opposite ocmical
ends, and cylinder of rubber bonded to the conical ends. The diameter
13
Isr34oo(Partl4)-1984.

of this cylinder and of the cylindrical portion of the metal parts shall be
25 f 0’5 mm. The distance between the tips of the conical ends shall
be 12 f 1 mm; the half-angle of the cone vertex shall be 45 f 1. ind
the tip shall not be rounded to a radius greater than O-8 mm.
3.3.1.1 The cylindrical portion of each metal part shall be, not less
than 5 mm in length and shall be terminated so as to match with the
holding grips’( see 5.2.2 ) of the testing machine ( 5.2.1 ).

CONICAL END CONICAL EN0

All dimensions in millimetres.

FIG. ? STANDARD TEST PIECE

5.1 Materials
5.4.1 The materials used shall conform to the specifications for the
bonding system to be investigated,. If no specification is given for the
material for the metal parts, they shall be made from low carbon steel
bar and their conical ends shall be grit-blasted.
3.5 Preparatioa of Test Pieces
5.5.1 Ciean the surface of the conical ends or treat ih accordance with
the adhesion system under investigation and, if so specified; coat with
primer and/or colier cement. Spread the adhesive .coating over the
conical area onlyi
3.5.2 During- the preparation of the test piece, take great care when
handling the materials to keep the bonding surfaces of the rubber and
metal parts free from dust, moisture.and foreign matter. Do not touch
the treated coni& surfaces by hand during assembly.

14
 5.5.3 Vulcanite the test pieces in a suitable transfer mould, roperly
insulated, Provided with heaters and compression devices. %lace th#
metal parts and the rubber compound in the pre-heated mouId f0r
, vulcanization. Use sufliicient unvtdcanixed compound to fill the potand
provide some excess after filling the mould cavities.
NOTE - The mould design should take account of the f+ct that m tin
rigid parta for m-use will gradually reduce their size.

5.5.4 Carry out the vulcanization under the speci;Bed conditionr of

time, temperature and pressure. At the con&sion .of the cure, take
great care when removing the test pieces from the mould to av0id
subjecting the bonded surfaces to undue stress before the test piea# h&v0
cooled.
5.6 Conditio& of Test Piecer - The test piece shall be conditioned
for at least 16 hours at 27% f 2°C. The time between vuleaGxati0n
and test shall not be more than 6 days. Use the same temp0ratum
throughout any one test or series of tests.

5.7 Procedure

5.7.1 Mount the test piece in the grips ( see 5.2.2 ) of the testing
machine ( see 5.2.1). Take .extreme cive in centring and adjusting the
test piece so that the tension is symmetrically distributed in , the cross-
section during the test.
5.73 ‘Apply the tension by separating the grips at a constant rate of
50 t 5 mm/min until the test piece breaks. Record and aatt that
.maximum force. *
5.7.3 Recover the broken test pieces and examine the- ‘fiilum
surfaces.
5.8 Expression Of RemaltS - Express the adhesion value, in newtons,~
required to produce failure. In cases where the failure is in $h0.
rubber bulk, the adhesion value is recognised as being higher than that.
recorded.
5.8.1 Tppc of Adhesion Failure - Express the type of adhesion failure,
as determined by examination of broken test pieces, by one or more of
the following symbols:
a) R failure in the rubber bulk,
b) RC failure in the rubber’covei cement’interface,
c) CP failure at the cover cement/prime cement interface, and
d) M failure at the metal/prime cement interface.

.
15
lsr94oo(PutlJ)-1904
Each symbol shall be followed by the percentage of the conical
surface involved in that .type of failure, ‘estimated to the nearest 5
percent.
N-7Theeatimatedparcenuge of the various type.3 of failure may be upAd
u in the following examples

R - 50, RC -50 means that ro~@Iy 50 percent of the area ahowed failure
in the rubber and the other 50 percent showed failure at the rubber/cover
cement interface.
R-25,RC-25,&f- 50, mean.3 three type*’ of failure present, with the M
indicating 50 percent feilurq at the metal/primer cement interface.

59 Tent Report - Tht test report shall include the following:

a), a description of th6 adhesion system used, including materials,
treatments and rubber cure. If the materials are of undisdlosed
composition, sufficient references shall be given to identify
them;
b) date of test piece preparation and testing;
c) temperature of test;
d) type of dynamometer used;
e) adhesion values for each test pie*, in newtons;
f) type of failure for each test pie&e, expressed as in 5.9.1;
g) time and temperature of vulcanization; and.
h) metal used, if other than the specified steel.
510 #haging of Bonded Metal Parts - Bonded metal ‘parts may
be salvaged by the urual burning or chemical stripping techniques.
Mechanical or chemical surface treatment8 may be used to m-establish
a clean bonding surfac% The sharpness of the conical tip may be reduced
during salvaging; this affects reproducibility of the test results, and care
must be taken to re-establish the sharpness of the cone to a radius of
0.8 bm or less.

16
 IS : 3400 ( Part 14 ) - 1984

(GddmPw2)
Mdus Rrplcsmtin~
.D)BS. P. MAHlX Research, Designs & Standards Organization
Lucknow
SEBr G. DoB4umf4wY ( Al&mab )
DE R. N. M~EBOTE~ Synthetica and Chemicals Ltd, Bombay
Da B. SWYMARAYMA~P ( A-s )
DnW.M- IndiFzebber Manufacturers Research Association,

De M. S. B~EEBJI ( Altrrnok )
SRBI R. R. P4X?DIT Bayer ( India ) Ltd, Bombay
SHB~N.D.D=XAI(A~)
SEBI V. D. PZXD~B Swastik Rubber Products Ltd, Pune
SEBI S. V. TATBAWADIUB ( Allsmats )
SEBI C. R. RAO National Teat House, Calcutta
SEEI V. R. RAO Sundaram Industries Ltd, Madurai
SEBI K. C. MADEIJSUDIUNAX ( Ankle )
SIti&1S. hl%KAR Dunlop India Ltd, Calcutta
SsmJ.C.FIom(Alfmeh)
SEW A. S~lr &ta lndii Ltd, Calcutta
SEW D. B-EE ( Akae& )
S-1 8. C. SEW Ministry of Defence ( DGI )
SEBIP.L.NAQ(A~II@)
Smsr E. V. TEOXAS Rubber Research Institute of India, Kottayam
SJW K. KOCEAPAN NAIII ( A11mu~ )

17
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