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Unit 2 High Frequency Transmission Lines

The input impedance of a dissipationless transmission line can be calculated and varies with length. For a short-circuited line, the input impedance is purely reactive and varies from +jX to -jX with length. For an open-circuited line, the input impedance is also purely reactive and varies from -jX to +jX with length. The input impedance of a quarter wavelength short-circuited line is infinite reactance, while a quarter wavelength open-circuited line has zero input reactance.

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69 views18 pages

Unit 2 High Frequency Transmission Lines

The input impedance of a dissipationless transmission line can be calculated and varies with length. For a short-circuited line, the input impedance is purely reactive and varies from +jX to -jX with length. For an open-circuited line, the input impedance is also purely reactive and varies from -jX to +jX with length. The input impedance of a quarter wavelength short-circuited line is infinite reactance, while a quarter wavelength open-circuited line has zero input reactance.

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rushitaa
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Unit 2

High Frequency Transmission Lines


Input impedance of the
dissipation-less line
Session Meta Data

Author Ramprabhu S
Version No. 1.1
Release Date 14-01-2020
Reviewer
Revision History

Date of Revision Details Version Number


14 Jan 2020 1.1
Session Objectives

 To introduce the concept of input impedance


of dissipation-less line.
Session Outcomes

At the end of the session, students will be able to

 Understand the input impedance of


dissipation-less line.
Outline

 Input impedance

 Input impedance of open circuited line

 Input impedance of short circuited line


Input impedance
The input impedance of a dissipationless line,
may be written as

since
Input impedance
Another convenient form for the input impedance
may be obtained

where 𝛟 is the angle of the reflection coefficient


K. This may be further simplified by dividing both
numerator and denominator by 1∠βs, giving
Input impedance
The expression above in parentheses can be shown as a phasor
diagram shown in Fig, the numerator and denominator being shown
as two separate phasor, the results of adding unity to plus or minus
K. The diagram is arbitrarily drawn for |K | = 0.5 or S = 3.

At values of s = 𝛟/2β + nλ/4, the numerator and denominator terms of Zs are in


phase (n = 0,1,2,3, . . . ), At these points the input of the line is purely resistive,
with maximum and minimum values occurring every quarter wavelength. In
view of the measurement of the angle of the K vector in terms of 2βs half a
revolution represents λ /4 in terms of wavelength.
Input impedance
The value of the maximum input impedance
(resistive), occurring at s = Φ/2β + 2nλ/4, or with
phasors coincident, can be seen to be

The minimum input impedance, also resistive,


occurring at s = Φ/2β + (2n-1)λ/4, with phasors
again coincident, is
Input impedance of short circuit line
The input impedance of a dissipationless line is
given by,

For a short-circuited line, ZR = 0, so that

Since , the above equation becomes

The variation of Zsc/Ro = X/Ro with length of


line s may be plotted as in the reactance fig.
Input impedance of open circuit line
Before the input impedance of an open-circuited line is
determined, input impedance eqn. should be rearranged
as

For an open-circuited line, , so that

The reactance figure is a plot of Zoc/Ro = X/Ro as a


function of the length of line s. It can be seen that the
input impedance of either an open or short circuited line
is a pure reactance.
Variation of input impedance of
dissipationless line as a function of length
Transmission line as tuned circuits
The similarity of performance of open or short circuited lines to
that of series-resonant or anti resonant circuits may be readily noted
by comparison of the curves of above fig. with the reactance curves
of the resonant circuits. This similarity suggests the use of lines as
reactive circuit elements or as tuned circuits.

The input of the quarter-wave short-circuited line appears similar


to that of a parallel resonant circuit, and the input of the quarter-
wave open line as that of a series resonant circuit.

It should also be observed that the input impedance of a λ/4


short-circuited line appears as an infinite reactance, whereas the
input impedance of a λ/4 open-circuited line appears as a zero
reactance or a short circuit.
Summary
Input impedance of a λ/4 short-circuited line
appears as an infinite reactance, whereas the input
impedance of a λ/4 open-circuited line appears as a
zero reactance or a short circuit.
Test Your Understanding
• Comment on the input impedance of open and
short circuited lines.
References

1. John D Ryder, “Networks, lines and fields”, 2nd


Edition, Prentice Hall India, 2015.

2. Mathew M. Radmanesh, “Radio Frequency &


Microwave Electronics”, Pearson Education Asia,
Second Edition, 2002.

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