Document Code: DCAVRKMI-F-URPF

MANUEL S. ENVERGA UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION

Lucena City Document Title: Undergraduate Research
An Autonomous University Proposal Form
Page No.: Page 1 of 18
DR. CESAR A. VILLARIBA RESEARCH AND Revision No.: 0
Effectivity Date: August 2017
KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT INSTITUTE
Prepared by: DCAVRKMI
QUALITY FORM Reviewed by: QMR
Approved by: President

RESEARCH PROPOSAL FORM

I. Research Title: : Supervisor’s Business Ethics Awareness and

Employees Work Performance

II. Name of Researcher : Luna, Dan Daven

Lanuza, Lieanne
Nanez, Kristine
Sandoval, Elizabeth
Villaflor, Shiela

Track : Academic
Strand : Accountancy, Business and
Management (ABM)
Researcher's Contact Details : _____________________
Name of Research Adviser : Macaulay Buena Bagnate, LPT

ABSTRACT

Ethics is the knowledge that anyone cannot buy, having an ethics as a business manager

is a great vision in order to be a role model with their employees. Business ethics concerns

the supervisor or employee behaviour (right or wrong doings) in a field of business.

Considering that this supervisor’s had their own knowledge and own way to run a business, it

is the presumption that they know much about the business ethics. Thus, the researchers will

conduct this research to identify if there is a significant correlation between ethical awareness

and work performance. The study is mainly focused on the correlation level between

Supervisors Ethical Awareness and Employees Work Performance specifically to the

 Document Code: DCAVRKMI-F-URPF
MANUEL S. ENVERGA UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION
Lucena City Document Title: Undergraduate Research
An Autonomous University Proposal Form
Page No.: Page 2 of 18
DR. CESAR A. VILLARIBA RESEARCH AND Revision No.: 0
Effectivity Date: August 2017
KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT INSTITUTE
Prepared by: DCAVRKMI
QUALITY FORM Reviewed by: QMR
Approved by: President

supervisors in a cafeteria. The researchers will use quantitative method to describe and

interpret the collected data. Using this method, the researchers thinks that it will help to

visualize and show clearly the data gathered. The researchers created a questionnaire to

determine the level of awareness and work performance of the selected respondents.

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Ever since business was formed, ethics have always been a part of it. Business ethics

concerns the supervisor or employee behaviour (right or wrong doings) in a field of business.

Having a proper managing and awareness about business is a key to success. Velasquez (2012)

defines that Business Ethics is a specialized study of moral right and wrong that focuses on

business institutions, organizations and activities. It study of moral standards and how these

apply to the social systems and organizations through which modern societies produce and

distribute goods and services and the activities of the people who work within the organizations.

In this broad sense ethics in business is simply the application of everyday moral or ethical

norms to business. Ethics is the knowledge that anyone cannot buy, having an ethics as a

business manager is a great vision in order to be a role model with their employees. A business’s

reputation impacts its customers, employees, for growth and overall success. Supervisor’s

business ethics is one the most important in one organization or business structure because if the

supervisors have those skills, he/she can be a good leader in his or her employee. The natural

world can be affected by a lack of business ethics. Businesses does not following any kind of

ethical code or carrying out their social responsibility leads to wider consequences. Unethical

behaviour may damage a firm’s reputation and make it less appealing to stakeholders. This
 Document Code: DCAVRKMI-F-URPF
MANUEL S. ENVERGA UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION
Lucena City Document Title: Undergraduate Research
An Autonomous University Proposal Form
Page No.: Page 3 of 18
DR. CESAR A. VILLARIBA RESEARCH AND Revision No.: 0
Effectivity Date: August 2017
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Approved by: President

means that profits could fall as a result. However, not every supervisor knows the ethics of a

business thus leading to poor performance of the employees. There are some that are unaware of

the ethics that they should have to run properly a business in order to meet the customer’s

satisfaction through their services. Ethics is important to businesses for many reasons.

Businesses can increase sales or increase their reputation.

With this in mind, the group decided to conduct a study on the Supervisor’s Business

Ethics Awareness and Employees Work Performance. Considering that this supervisor’s had their

own knowledge and own way to run a business, it is the presumption that they know much about

the business ethics. It is for very reason that this study is conducted in order to assess the

significant correlation between the supervisor’s business ethics awareness and the level of

employees work performance.Rationale of the Research

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

This study will determine the awareness of Supervisor’s on Business Ethics and

Employees Work Performance.

Specifically, this study will seek to achieve the following objectives:

1. Describe the background characteristic of the respondent as to:

1.1. Age

1.2. Sex

1.3. Length of work experience

 Document Code: DCAVRKMI-F-URPF
MANUEL S. ENVERGA UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION
Lucena City Document Title: Undergraduate Research
An Autonomous University Proposal Form
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2. Identify the level of business ethic awareness of the managers.

3. Evaluate the level of work performance of the employees.

4. Assess the level of significant correlation between the managers business ethic

awareness and the level of employees work performance.

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

The importance of business ethics in business is to promote the standards of human

welfare and the good of business behaviour. Ethics are at their essence, moral judgements about

what is right and what is wrong. In a business sense, these ethics are decided upon and formed

by each company and underpin the decisions that anyone in the business makes. The decision to

behave ethically as one individual to another is easy for any decent moral human being, but it is

easy to forget the impact a large, faceless business can have on the world. Pozgar (2005) defined

ethics as seeking to understand and to determine how human actions can be judge as right or

wrong. Ethical judgement can be made based on upon the nature of or principles of reason. The

Ethical theories attempt to introduce order into the way people think about life and action.

According to Aristotle’s Ethical Theory, the virtuous person shows the joints excellence

of reason and of character. The virtuous person not only knows what the good thing to do is, she

is also emotionally attached to it. In addition, these two excellences are intimately connected, so

that the one cannot be had without the other. Therefore in Business Ethics the supervisor’s and

employees are connected to each other because they will the one who will benefit to have a

business success.
 Document Code: DCAVRKMI-F-URPF
MANUEL S. ENVERGA UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION
Lucena City Document Title: Undergraduate Research
An Autonomous University Proposal Form
Page No.: Page 5 of 18
DR. CESAR A. VILLARIBA RESEARCH AND Revision No.: 0
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The Deontological Ethical Theory defines that people should adhere to their obligations

duties when engaged in decision making when ethics are in play. In business, the supervisor’s

and the employees will follow his or her obligations to another individual or society because

upholding ones duty is ethically correct. A deontologist person will always keep his promises and

will follow to the law. So the supervisors and employees must have this kind of theory to know

more about importance of one’s obligations. If Supervisor’s and Employees follows to

Deontological Theory it will produce very consistent decisions since they will produce very

consistent decisions since they will be based on the individual’s set duties.

Furthermore, the Eudaimonism is a teleological ethical theory which posits, that an action

is good if it results in the fulfilment of goals along with the welfare of the human beings. The

Supervisors and Employees action will tends to promote the fulfilment of goals constitutive of

their business. Suppose supervisor enforce employee training and knowledge standards at work,

which are natural components of human happiness.

The above peruse materials probably shows that business ethics has been one of the most

common problem in business. There are so much Ethical standards that must learn and apply to

what business they have. It will teach them and recognize the values they have not even in

business as well as they can apply it to themselves.

 Document Code: DCAVRKMI-F-URPF
MANUEL S. ENVERGA UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION
Lucena City Document Title: Undergraduate Research
An Autonomous University Proposal Form
Page No.: Page 6 of 18
DR. CESAR A. VILLARIBA RESEARCH AND Revision No.: 0
Effectivity Date: August 2017
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Prepared by: DCAVRKMI
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LITERATURE SURVEY

Ethics is believed to be a set of moral beliefs and conduct that discourages acts of self

gain and encourages honest and modest ways of generating business income (Gosh, 2011).

Ethics plays an important role in developing a business strategic plan as it serves as the backbone

of the firm’s principle. The firm’s goal is to provide services and products, and acquire profit

through the business sales and operation (Kalshoven, 2011). In spite of the business goal to

acquire profit and their return of investment, it is important that the strategies they employ in

their operations are bound by moral and ethical standards for their stakeholder (Lewis, 2002).

According to Roa (2008) Business Ethics is understanding of fundamental idea of what is good

and bad in a human conduct. Without Ethics, people, specifically businessmen, will set their own

moral standards, moral rules and moral principles. An important aspect of business ethics is

managerial ethics, which refers to the decisions, actions, and behaviors of managers and whether

they are considered right or wrong (Daft, 2013)

Many times managers find themselves pushing the limits and entering the grey area of

ethics. De Cremer and De Bettignes (2013) explain that in the business environment there are

many implicit expectations and norms that motivate managers and ultimately may push them to

cross the boundaries and behave unethically. Many times competiveness and greed could push

managers into the ethical grey area. In addition, De Cremer and Bettignes (2013),“ This attitude

of pushing the limits effectively clouds our own moral limits and as a result it increase the

chance that they will eventually cross their boundaries.” Many managers believe that if they are

not doing anything illegal, than they are acting ethically. It is important for managers to
 Document Code: DCAVRKMI-F-URPF
MANUEL S. ENVERGA UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION
Lucena City Document Title: Undergraduate Research
An Autonomous University Proposal Form
Page No.: Page 7 of 18
DR. CESAR A. VILLARIBA RESEARCH AND Revision No.: 0
Effectivity Date: August 2017
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understand the difference between laws and ethical standards. Once managers have a fair

understanding of what is considered appropriate ethical behavior, they can focus on making good

ethical decisions for the organizations.

Managers are often times aware of the laws and regulations because they are formally

written and failure to comply with them to will result in some sort of sanctioned punishment,

whereas ethical standards are socially construed and failure to comply with these standards is not

always punishable understate. Cameron (2011) explains that ethical standards do not always

serve as adequate fixed points for managers because they “often change over time and

circumstances” thus they “frequently to do not remain stable because they are social construed”

Although laws and regulations are different than ethical standards managers need to

understand how the two can be integrated and used within their organization to help build a solid

ethical foundation. Blodgett (2012) acknowledges that many philosophers and legal scholars

have attempted to explain the complicated relationship that exists between laws and ethics

although it is still not easily understood, it is evident that there is indeed a connection between

the two.

Today, business managers have many reasons to be concerned with the ethical standards of their

organizations. Des Jardins (2013) stated that business managers have many other reasons to be

concerned with ethical issues. Unethical behaviour not only creates legal risk but creates also

financial and marketing risks for a business. If there is no one paying attention to the ethical

standards its clearer that a company or business can may lose in the market place, can go out of
 Document Code: DCAVRKMI-F-URPF
MANUEL S. ENVERGA UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION
Lucena City Document Title: Undergraduate Research
An Autonomous University Proposal Form
Page No.: Page 8 of 18
DR. CESAR A. VILLARIBA RESEARCH AND Revision No.: 0
Effectivity Date: August 2017
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business and its employees go to jail. Ethical behaviour and an ethical reputation can provide

advantage or disadvantage, in the business with customers, suppliers, and employees.

According to Ghillyer (2008) The increased presence of an employee voice has made

individual employees feel more comfortable speaking against actions of their employers that they

feel to be irresponsible or unethical. They are also more willing to seek legal resolution for such

issues as unsafe working conditions, harassment, discrimination, and invasion of privacy.

A business cannot exist unless the people involved in the business adhere to some

minimal standards of ethics. Any individual business will collapse if all of its managers,

employees and customers come to think that it is morally permissible to steal or break their

agreements with the company. Velasquez (2012) defined that no business can exist entirely

without ethics, every business requires at least minimal adherence to ethics that involved

business. In addition, ethical behaviour can set the stage for mutually beneficial with others.

Unethical behaviour in business tends to loss proposition because it undermines the long term

cooperative relationships with managers, customers and employees on which business success

ultimately depends.

It is very important to manifest the business ethics in according to the above mention

materials it may enhance or it may help to improve to increase the work performance of their

respective subordinates.
 Document Code: DCAVRKMI-F-URPF
MANUEL S. ENVERGA UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION
Lucena City Document Title: Undergraduate Research
An Autonomous University Proposal Form
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DR. CESAR A. VILLARIBA RESEARCH AND Revision No.: 0
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SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The study will deemed the importance of Awareness of the Supervisor’s on Business

Ethics and Employees Performance. Likewise, the findings of this research may prove useful to

the following:

TO THE BUSINESS SUPERVISORS. The study will help the business supervisor’s on how

important it is to have business ethics on their business.

TO THE CUSTOMER. The study will give realizations to the customers on how greatly

business ethics contribute to customer’s satisfaction.

TO THE EMPLOYEES. The study will make the employees become more productive after

knowing the importance of business ethics on a business.

TO THE RESEARCHERS. The results will provide future researchers with some

knowledge on Business Ethics and how to be aware of it.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

There are terms that are used throughout the literature review that the researcher defined

operationally for better understanding of this research. These terms are:

Age - is a process that is genetically determined and environmentally modulated.

Sex - is a personal identification of one’s own gender based on an internal awareness.

 Document Code: DCAVRKMI-F-URPF
MANUEL S. ENVERGA UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION
Lucena City Document Title: Undergraduate Research
An Autonomous University Proposal Form
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Length of work experience - is a person has acquired in a particular industry sector of

employment.

Business Ethic - are moral principles that guide the way a business behaves.

Business Ethics Awareness - it guide the individual managers in their work with employees

and the organization.

Work Performance - It is a job, role, task and responsibility that performs of each individual.

Level of Work Performance - refers to the level to which an employee successfully fullfills

the factors include in the job description.

SCOPE AND LIMITATION

This study is limited to the cafeteria's environment specifically to the supervisor in a

cafeteria. Random supervisors will be picked and used as the subject for the study. The

researchers hoped that findings from the sample will be the true reflection of the cafeteria. This

study will determine the Supervisor's Business ethics awareness and Employees Work

Performance.

The use of questionnaires as the principle method of getting information had some limitations.

There were no chances for further probe in case of ambiguity by respondent. However, the

research came up with clear, well targeted, supervisor discussed to overcome this reflection.
 Document Code: DCAVRKMI-F-URPF
MANUEL S. ENVERGA UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION
Lucena City Document Title: Undergraduate Research
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Description of method or approach

RESEARCH DESIGN

The researchers used a type of non-experimental research method, in which the

researchers measure the awareness of the supervisor’s on business ethics and assess the level of

employees work performance understand through statistical relationship. The objective of this

study is to understand how importance it is to supervisor the awareness to business ethics to

improve the level of work performance of the employees.

RESEARCH INSTRUMENT

A structured survey questionnaire is the instrument that will be used by the researchers in

gathering the essential data needed for the study. It will be used to perform the survey procedure

to the respondents of the study, the supervisors along the University Canteen-Manuel S. Enverga

University Foundation. Possible answers will be provided to the respondents and the said

respondents just have to select from the questionnaire that elicit the following pertinent

information: The respondents demographic profile, level of business ethic awareness of the

managers and level of work performance of the employees

Permission to administer the survey questionnaire will be requested from each supervisors along

the University Canteen – Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation. The researchers will

personally administer the survey along the vicinity so that proper instructions will be given to the
 Document Code: DCAVRKMI-F-URPF
MANUEL S. ENVERGA UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION
Lucena City Document Title: Undergraduate Research
An Autonomous University Proposal Form
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respondents. The survey questionnaires will be retrieved as soon as the respondents had

completed answering the questionnaires.

DATA GATHERING PROCEDURES

Necessary permits to conduct the research will be first secured. A letter of approval,

noted by the research adviser, will be presented to the Track Head of the Accountancy, Business

and Management (ABM) to allow the researchers to conduct the research. After giving the letter

of consent, the administration of the questionnaire will be conducted. Results will be tabulated,

subjected to statistical treatment and interpreted.

RESPONDENTS/UNITS OF ANALYSIS/SUBJECTS OF THE STUDY

The respondents under this study are the Business Supervisor in Manuel S. Enverga

University Foundation Cafeteria (MSEUF) in Lucena City. The study will be limited only to 8

selected respondents. The case study is concerned about the supervisor’s business ethics

awareness and the performance of the employees. It is expected that the analysis of these units

will provide a context for describing and analysing the case studies, and reconstructing the

initiatives of the case studies.

SAMPLING DESIGN PROCEDURES

The 8 respondents of the study will be purposively chosen in in Manuel S. Enverga

University Foundation Cafeteria. The researchers will employ the purposive sampling to

determine the 8 respondents.

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MANUEL S. ENVERGA UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION
Lucena City Document Title: Undergraduate Research
An Autonomous University Proposal Form
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DR. CESAR A. VILLARIBA RESEARCH AND Revision No.: 0
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HYPOTHESIS

This study tested the following hypothesis in at 0.05 level of significance:

Ho; There is a high level of significant correlation between the supervisors

business ethic awareness and the level of employees work performance

DATA ANALYSIS PLAN

Data gathered will be subjected to statistical treatment to facilitate analysis and

interpretations. The research will use mathematical software Statistical Package for Social
Sciences (SPSS) to facilitate the computations on statistical treatments.

Specifically, Frequency Count, Percentage Distribution, WAM and Spearman will be

utilized to quantify and analyse the background characteristics.

Likert-scale method will be used to facilitate analysis and interpretation. The formula is
as follows:

WAM = ∑ fwi

Where:

WAM = Weighted Arithmetic Mean

∑ = Summation

F = Frequency

W = Weighted values of each option

N = total no. of respondents per item

 Document Code: DCAVRKMI-F-URPF
MANUEL S. ENVERGA UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION
Lucena City Document Title: Undergraduate Research
An Autonomous University Proposal Form
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DR. CESAR A. VILLARIBA RESEARCH AND Revision No.: 0
Effectivity Date: August 2017
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To determine the Supervisors Business Ethics Awareness and Employees Work Performance the

Spearman-Correlation formula was used:

Where;

ρ=Spearman rank correlation

di= the difference between the ranks of corresponding variables

n= number of observations
 Document Code: DCAVRKMI-F-URPF
MANUEL S. ENVERGA UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION
Lucena City Document Title: Undergraduate Research
An Autonomous University Proposal Form
Page No.: Page 15 of 18
DR. CESAR A. VILLARIBA RESEARCH AND Revision No.: 0
Effectivity Date: August 2017
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 Document Code: DCAVRKMI-F-URPF
MANUEL S. ENVERGA UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION
Lucena City Document Title: Undergraduate Research
An Autonomous University Proposal Form
Page No.: Page 16 of 18
DR. CESAR A. VILLARIBA RESEARCH AND Revision No.: 0
Effectivity Date: August 2017
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Figure1. Theoretical Paradigm on the Supervisor’s Business Ethics Awareness and

Employees Work Performance

Figure 1 presents the input of the study consisted of a demographic profile of the respondent in

terms of age, sex, and length of work experience. Also constituting the input of the study is the

identification of the level of business ethic awareness of the supervisor. The other part is the

distribution of questionnaires to evaluate the level of work performance of the employees and the

assessment of the level of significant correlation between the supervisors business ethic

awareness and the level of employees performance. The process of the study is to identify the

level of awareness of the supervisor on business ethic and evaluate the level of work

performance of the employees through the questionnaire checklist, also to know the level of

significant correlation between the managers business ethic awareness and the level of

employees work performance. The output of the study will be the Supervisor’s Business

Ethics Awareness and Employees Work Performance that will stand as the guide to have a

wide understanding on how business ethic regulates in a business.

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MANUEL S. ENVERGA UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION
Lucena City Document Title: Undergraduate Research
An Autonomous University Proposal Form
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DR. CESAR A. VILLARIBA RESEARCH AND Revision No.: 0
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References

Boatright, J.R.(2009). Ethics and the conduct of business. New jersey, United states of

America. Pearson education, Inc. Upper saddle Rise.

Bohlman, H.M. etal (2005). The legal ethical and International environment of business.

United States of America. West legal studies in business part of the Thomson

corporation.

DesJardins, J. (2006). An Introduction to Business Ethics. 122 Avenue of Americas,

New York.McGraw Hill a business unit of the McGraw Hill Companies, Inc.

Ghosh, D, Ghosh, D. K., and Zaher, A. A. (2011). Business, ethics, and profit: Are they

compatible under corporate governance in our global economy? Global Finance

Journal,22, 72-79

Ghillyer, A. (2008) Business Ethics Now. New York, America. The McGraw – Hill

Companies Inc.

Pozgar, G. (2010) Legal and Ethical Issues for Health Professionals. Canada Ormindale Way.

Jones and batlett Publishers.

Roa, F. C. (2008). Business Ethics and Social Responsibility. Sampaloc, Manila. Rex

Book Store, Inc.

Velasquez, M.G. (2012). Business Ethics: Concepts and Cases. Jurong Singapore.

Pearson Education Inc.

Svanberg, J. (2013). Business Ethics and Corporate Social Responsibility. Retrieved from

http://www.divaportal.org/smash/get/diva2:831055/FULLTEXT01.pdf?fbclid=IwAR2VD
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MANUEL S. ENVERGA UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION
Lucena City Document Title: Undergraduate Research
An Autonomous University Proposal Form
Page No.: Page 18 of 18
DR. CESAR A. VILLARIBA RESEARCH AND Revision No.: 0
Effectivity Date: August 2017
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Approved by: President

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