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POLYSACCHARIDES

The document discusses different types of polysaccharides including storage polysaccharides like starch and glycogen, structural polysaccharides like cellulose and chitin, and acidic polysaccharides like hyaluronic acid. It describes iodine, Fehling's, and parchment paper tests that can be used to identify different polysaccharides. The iodine test identifies starch turning blue to black. Fehling's test identifies reducing sugars from hydrolyzed starch. Treating parchment paper with sulfuric acid smooths its texture and allows it to test positive in the iodine test by turning blue.

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332 views2 pages

POLYSACCHARIDES

The document discusses different types of polysaccharides including storage polysaccharides like starch and glycogen, structural polysaccharides like cellulose and chitin, and acidic polysaccharides like hyaluronic acid. It describes iodine, Fehling's, and parchment paper tests that can be used to identify different polysaccharides. The iodine test identifies starch turning blue to black. Fehling's test identifies reducing sugars from hydrolyzed starch. Treating parchment paper with sulfuric acid smooths its texture and allows it to test positive in the iodine test by turning blue.

Uploaded by

YholzManio
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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POLYSACCHARIDES

-many monosaccharide units bonded by glycosidic linkage


- more than 10
- excess glucose -> glycogen
- insulin makes glucose into glycogen

1. Storage Polysaccharide
- used as energy source in cells
- starch, glycogen

2. Structure Polysaccharide
- structural element in plant cell wall and animal exoskeletons
- chitin, cellulose

3. Acidic Polysaccharide
- disaccharide repeating unit (one amino sugar and sulfate or carboxyl group)
- hyaluronic acid – seen in joints, for lubrication

Starch
- homopolysaccharide (glucose only)
- energy storage for plants
- amylose and amylopectin

Glycogen
- homopolysaccharide (glucose only)
- energy storage for humans and animals

Cellulose
- structural component for plant cell wall
- most abundant naturally occurring polysaccharide

A. IODINE TEST
Polysaccharides Color reaction with Iodine Result
Starch Blue to black +
Glycogen Yellow to brown (NCC) -
Cellulose (Parchment Paper) Yellow to brown (NCC) -

Starch solution Color reaction with Iodine Result


2 % raw starch Blue violet +
2 % cooked starch Blue black +
Upon further heating Clear -

B. FEHLING’S TEST
Color reaction with Fehling’s reagent Indication
Unhydrolyzed Starch No color change Negative for Fehling’s test
Hydrolyzed Starch Brick red ppt Positive for Fehling’s test

C. PARCHMENT PAPER
Texture Color reaction with Iodine Result
Untreated paper Rough Yellow brown -
Treated paper Smooth Dark blue +
Iodine Test
(+) blue to black color
(-) yellow to brown color

Amylose – responsible for blue color


- its chain forms a helix shape and iodine can be bound to this helix

Starch Hydrolysis
Objective: convert starch into a reducing sugar
Principle: the longer the starch is exposed to the acid, the further hydrolysis will proceed

 Hydrochloric acid – break glycosidic linkage


 Phenolphthalein – pH indicator
 Sodium hydroxide – neutralize acid

Starch
Amylodextrin (violet)
Erythrodextrin (red)
Achrodextrin
Maltose
Glucose

Fehling’s Test
(+) brick red ppt
(-) NCC / remained to blue color

Unhydrolyzed starch – no free reducing sugar bc the glycosidic linkages present in the polysaccharide are still intact
Hydrolyzed starch – due to acidic hydrolysis, glycosidic linkage were broken down allowing monosaccharide units
(reducing sugar) to react with Fehling’s reagent

Parchment Paper (with Iodine Test)


(+) blue to black color
(-) yellow to brown color

Principle: Sulfuric acid caused the hydrolysis of cellulose present in filter paper. Glycosidic linkage were broken resulting
to a smoother texture

 Sulfuric acid – break gylcosidic linkage


 3M Sodium hydroxide – neutralize acid

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