INDEX

ESApro P&ID

Release V7

USER MANUAL (rev. 3.8)

ESAin Srl
Via Montevideo 15/3 16129 GENOVA
Tel. 010/311544 Fax. 010/313606
http://www.esain.com
E-mail: [email protected]

This publication may not be reproduced in any form, by any method, for any purpose either entirely or in part.

AutoCAD is a registered trademark of Autodesk Inc.

ESApro - P&ID 1
 INDEX

1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................... 3
2. ESAPRO-P&ID AND AUTOCAD ............................................................................................... 4
2.1 THE USER INTERFACE ............................................................................................ 4
3 P&I DIAGRAM DRAFT ......................................................................................................... 6
3.1 PIPE CLASS .............................................................................................................. 6
3.2 LINE ........................................................................................................................... 7
3.3 LINE MANAGER ...................................................................................................... 13
3.4 LINE MANAGEMENT............................................................................................... 19
3.5 INTERACTION BETWEEN COMPONENTS AND PIPING CLASS ......................... 23
3.6 SYMBOL INSERTION, GENERALITIES .................................................................. 25
3.6.1 SCALE FACTORS ................................................................................................... 26
3.6.2 LINE COMPONENTS INSERTION AND ALIGNMENT............................................ 27
3.6.3 VALVES INSERTION PECULIARITIES ................................................................... 31
3.6.4 INSTRUMENT INSERTION ..................................................................................... 32
3.6.5 REDUCERS ............................................................................................................. 34
3.6.6 EQUIPMENT AND NOZZLES .................................................................................. 34
3.6.7 SYMBOLS ................................................................................................................ 35
3.7 COMPONENT TAGGING ........................................................................................ 37
3.8 LINE TAGGING ........................................................................................................ 43
3.9 ISA STANDARD COMPLIANCE .............................................................................. 45
3.10 KKS STANDARD COMPLIANCE............................................................................. 45
3.11 ANNOTATIONS ....................................................................................................... 47
3.12 OBJECT PROPERTIES ........................................................................................... 49
3.13 CROSS REFERENCES AND MULTISHEET........................................................... 51
3.14 WORKING OPTIONS............................................................................................... 55
3.15 SIZES AND TITLE BLOCKS .................................................................................... 59
4 DATABASE MANAGEMENT AND BILLS OF MATERIALS ................................................ 60
4.1 SYMBOL LIBRARY MANAGEMENT ....................................................................... 61
4.2 PIPING CLASSES MANAGEMENT ......................................................................... 64
4.3 PROJECTS MANAGEMENT ................................................................................... 70
4.4 BILL OF MATERIALS............................................................................................... 75
4.5 MANAGEMENT OF BILL OF MATERIALS MODELS .............................................. 77
4.6 FIND DUPLICATE TAGS ......................................................................................... 80
4.7 NOMINAL DIAMETER TABLE ................................................................................. 81
4.8 INSTRUMENT TYPE LIBRARY ............................................................................... 81
4.9 CUSTOM LIBRARIES .............................................................................................. 82
4.10 INSULATING CLASS LIBRARY............................................................................... 83
4.11 OTHER TABLES ...................................................................................................... 84
4.12 UTILITIES................................................................................................................. 85
A. CUSTOMIZATION PROCEDURES .................................................................................... 91
A.1 SYMBOL ARRANGEMENT ..................................................................................... 91
A.2 GRAPHIC SYMBOL DRAWING............................................................................... 93
A.3 TITLE BLOCK CUSTOMIZATION ............................................................................ 97

ESApro - P&ID 2
 INSTALLATION

1. INTRODUCTION

ESApro-P&ID is an AutoCAD application which strongly enhances the

activity of process diagrams drawing and material list generation.
Graphic and data management modules perfectly complement each
other so to create an efficient environment for the easy control of the
whole work. The plant drawing is easily made through mechanisms of
line management and automatic component positioning that set the
designer free of concentrating on the conceptual part of his work.

At the same time characteristic data are associated to the plant

elements in automatic and controlled way under the supervision of
Piping Class. Manual entry is not needed.

Once finished the diagram draft, material lists may be extracted from
the drawings according to templates freely prearranged by the user.
Material lists may be directed to screen, printer or to ASCII, Excel and
Access files.

A number of utility programs for Piping Class and Project management

as well as for database maintenance are available. Other programs are
dedicated to the user’ symbols customization.

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 P&ID DIAGRAM DRAFT

2. ESApro-P&ID and AutoCAD

In the following paragraphs we’ll examine the program functions

dedicated to the graphic draft of a process diagram and those that
contemporarily enable to enter all data related to the plant elements.
These data will be used to generate the material lists.

2.1 THE USER INTERFACE

The installation program creates two different working environment,

one called”ESApro PID V7” and the other “ESApro V7 Classic”, in the
former case the interface being Ribbon.

In the latter are Pull down Menus and Tool bars. In all cases the
interface of ESApro P&ID is sided by the AutoCAD interface which is
not modified

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 P&ID DIAGRAM DRAFT

There also is a dedicated toolpallet.

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 P&ID DIAGRAM DRAFT

3 P&I DIAGRAM DRAFT

In the following paragraphs we will widely explain the concepts and

the procedures for the realisation of a P&ID layout under the control of
Pipe Class

3.1 PIPE CLASS

The creation of a P&ID layout is controlled by Pipe Classes, the lists of

the available components for a project. To a new line must be assigned
a class and then all its defined data will be inserted into the related line
and components. The Class Pipe enables the insertion on the line of
the components allowed in order to simplify the procedure. Instruments
and machinery are not influenced by this operation.

The aims of Class are:

• To build up a number of data related to the allowed

components only (ex: Low Pressure Steam).

• To transfer automatically the predefined data to the allowed

components.

• To prevent the insertion of unwanted data.

For more details on the creation andthe maintenance procedures of a

Pipe Class see chapter 4.2 “Pipe Class Managment”

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 P&ID DIAGRAM DRAFT

3.2 LINE

This is the fundamental command for the generation of P&ID under the
control of Piping Classes. It is launched from the P&ID menu by the
keyboard shortcut LL or by the related toolbar. This opens a dialog
window for the definition of the line data.

The first page is identified by the “Identifying and Descriptive” tag and
contains the identifying data of the line, Class, ND, and also some
descriptive parameters.

In order to create a new line it is necessary to enter a Line Number, a

Class and a Nominal Diameter, all highlighted in light blue. Such data
are used by the program to extract all the pre-defined data in Class.
The Line number together with Unit/System and Branch determines its
identification name which must not be replied; it can contain a
whatever combination of alphanumeric characters and determines the
continuity of the line which means that has in common all parts and
components shared by the line . The Fluid Type can eventually be a
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 P&ID DIAGRAM DRAFT

part of a line identification data otherwise it must be considered just as

a descriptive data. Unit/System , “Number” and “Fluid Type” are
displayed on pull down menus or filled in. The “Branch” field can only
be filled in.

When it is necessary to continue an existing line its identification name

and all other data must not be changed. To this purpose select
“Continue Line ” in the creation mask and draw the line starting from
one end where all the necessary data will be acquired , the flux
direction included.

When the “Unit/System”, “Number” and “Branch” data of a new line will
be the same ones of a pre-existing one the program sends an “error”
message. However, the generation of two lines with the same name is
allowed as it can be necessary in some cases. For example when two
parts of the same line are on different drawings of a multi sheet P&ID ,
or two separated parts of the same line generated by editing
procedures and subsequently reconnected in the end . Also when it is
necessary to continue the same line but with different characteristics.
When two parts of the same line are separated geometrically it is
possible to maintain the logic continuity with the aid of tools which will
be described further on. Thus, excluding the previously explained
cases, two parts with the same identifying data and separated,
physically or logically, are a mistake of duplication or separation. Then
the set of all parts and components of a line with an identification data
is a continuous chain of elements logically connected, unifiliar, with a
direction , one starting point and one and only end.

Two pull down menus are available in the “Class and ND” section .
They display the Classes of the system and the related nominal
diameters.

The mask in the “Descriptive” section contains the “Service”, “Area”

and “Nozzle From /To” fields. The “Service” field as well as the “Fluid
Type” displays the values already present in the system . The “Nozzle
From” and the “Nozzle To” fields contain the tags of the nozzles
connectected by the line. And they are not the “From” and “To” tags of
the equipment or of the line-ends of the main line. They all have to be
filled in by the user and do not need the presence of the drawings of
the nozzles., which can be inserted as symbols but will not affect the
logic of the program and the related “Nozzle List” whose data will be
taken from the predefined fields on the creation mask of the line.
Therefore the line is connected to the line as “From” and “To” to the
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 P&ID DIAGRAM DRAFT

lines or to the equipment : But the names of the connected nozzles are
inserted in the due fields even if they are not drawn.

“Line status“ is a parameter representing the working progress of the

line. The various possibilities are: “In progress”, “Revision”,
“Supported”, “Stress Analysis”, “Generated sketch” and “Finished”.
Some status are obviously more appropriate during the line generation
in ESApro Piping 3D with which shares the line’s definition mask.

In the second page, identifiable by “Process and Insulation” are

contained Pressure, Temperature, Insulation, and the tracing and
jacketing data. The insulation data are made of a tag, a material and a
thickness. The Insulation Class are defined in the library of the
“Specifics Management” environment described further on. Once
selected a class all the reletad data and the predefined thicknesses will
be loaded into the line’s creation mask .

In the third page, identified by the “Custom and Notes” pull down menu,
up to eight fields are available to the purpose. The “Custom 1-8” tags
can be customized in the “Specific Management” environment as it will
be explained further on.

Once data are set, a broken line representing the pipe line can be
drawn. The program takes care of setting the object snaps “End”, ”Mid“,
”Near”, “Quadrant” and “Perpendicular” in order to help the drafting and
the connection to pre-existing graphic elements.
If a line is started or ended on another line or equipment or different
P&ID object, this last one will be highlighted with a cross to mean that
its tag will be stored into the line respectively “From” or “To”.

These information are also displayed in the command line together with
the Line Number. During the operation the symbol pointing out the line
direction displays and the various line segments are highlighted
These marks are temporary and are erased whenever an operation
causes a screen refresh.

In case of error of the line drawing the “Undo” option is available for
going back to the previous point.
Only rectilinear segments are allowed. Curved pieces of pipeline must
be approximated with a series of short straight segments.

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 P&ID DIAGRAM DRAFT

When the automatic numbering is enabled

in the “Project Options”, described further
on, the program automatically allocate a
progressive number to each new line. It is
anyhow allowed to overwrite it with a
generic alphanumeric code. The line
number box has a pull down list that
contains all the already used codes; it can
be useful as a guide before assigning a
new code, or for picking up an existing code to re-use it for a line
branch as described next.

If the user respects the convention stating that the line number of a
branch changes with respect to the origin line, the consequence will be
that each line will have unique “From” and “To”. Otherwise if the user
prefers that the main line and its branches have the same line number,
the branch concept must be used. In this case the same line number
will be allocated both to the main line and to its branches but their
branch numbers will have to be different (the box at the right of the
line’s number )

To this purpose the “Branch” field at the side of the “Line Number” must
be filled with a whichever alphanumeric string. The distinction between
main line and branches, that must always exist, is ensured by the
combination of the two codes while the same Line Number cause them
to be recognized as a unique homogeneous group. In this case a set of
lines may have more “From” and “To” which will be considered in the
line list with the following criteria: the connections among lines
belonging to the same group are ignored while the tags of the external
objects the various branches are connected to, will be taken as “From”
or “To”, depending on the direction of the branches themselves. The
same concept applies to the System (in the box at the left of the line’s
number). In two different line Systems two lines can exist at the same
time with the same number and branch. If the user whishes to insert the
“Fluid Type” option this will have the same function as “System” that is
to say that two lines with different fluids are allowed to bare the same
line number. The “Area” data has though a different meaning, as it
indicates the geographical area of a plant the line belongs to. It is for
this reason that it will change when passing through different parts of a
plant even if System+Number+Branch will remain the same.

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 P&ID DIAGRAM DRAFT

In the figure shown you can see a set

of lines to which an identical line
number 001 has been assigned. On
the contrary different branch codes,
not displayed neither on the drawing
nor on the documentation generated
by the program, are assigned to
various pieces. On the line list you
can see, besides the other data,
“From” and “To” derived from the flux
direction.

The criteria for assigning the line number depends on the company
standard and for this reason they are very different from case to case.
The program does not set particular conditions except for the creation
of a branch where the above described concepts must be kept in mind.
If a line is built by joining two contiguous pieces with different Line
Numbers you may see that the continuity is interrupted. The main tool
for visualizing in particular configuration, direction and connection
correctness of a line is command “Show Line”. Whenever a segment of
a line is touched the same marks that were visible at the moment of its
creation will be displayed. On the contrary the “Object Properties”
command must be used in order to modify the information stored on a
line. Both commands are described in detail at par. 3.3 and 3.11.

Symbols indicating the direction of

the flux on a line will automatically be
inserted provided they are enabled on
the Working Options control panel
described in the follow- up. These
symbols are updated as a
consequence of modification
operation (component insertion or
deletion) or flux direction inversion
which may be performed through the
“Invert Line“ command. By means of the “Insert Flow” command flux
direction symbols can also be inserted manually where the automatic
procedure does not provide for it, while they can be deleted through the
usual AutoCAD “Erase” command.

While creating a line, a possible existing equipment is automatically

connected provided that the line physically touches the equipment. In
this case the equipment is marked with a green or yellow X to highlight
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 P&ID DIAGRAM DRAFT

the fact that it becomes the line “From” or “To”. Commands for
connecting lines, equipment or other P&ID elements to a pre-existing
line will be described in the following paragraph.

A branch can start from the common vertex of two segments which are
part of a line. As a matter of fact this configuration is equivalent to a
branch starting from the middle of a straight segment. This second
representation is suggested because it directly distinguishes the main
line from the branch without the need to mark the lines in any way. In
the figure shown below two equivalent configuration are displayed. The
one on the right is more clear.

Generally no more than two lines can start or converge to one knot. In
case that more than two lines are compelled to start or converge to a
knot, the previous insertion of a symbolic manifold, called Connection,
is needed. The Connection is a small black ball that may be freely
positioned anywhere on the drawing or at a line end; in this case it
automatically connects to the line itself. Once positioned Connection
gives the possibility of connecting lines to its quadrants or in general to
its boundary. If the lines are two we refer back to the previous case
therefore the Connection symbol could be omitted. Flow directions can
directed into the knot or out of it . Furthermore lines may differentiate
one from each other with the previously described mechanism of the
branch code. Also in this case, like for the inner connections of lines
belonging to a group with the same line number, the knot is ignored
when computing “From” and “To”. Entities on the other side of the knot
are connected if they have a different line number or further on ignored
if they have the same line number, until an outer line or equipment is
reached.

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 P&ID DIAGRAM DRAFT

In the figure at the side

four lines with the same
number 001 and
different branch codes,
are connected through
a knot to pump P1, the
vessels S1 and S2 and
to line 02. The
Connection does not
appear on the line list
anyway.

3.3 LINE MANAGER

The use of the line, as explained in the previous paragraph is submitted

to the management of the whole data that can be handled in the
modify/creation mask . The centralized management of all lines of a
project is based on an external application named “Line Manager”, that
can be seen by all the applications of ESApro (ESApro, P&ID, ESApro
3D Piping, ESApro ISO) working at the same project thus facilitating
the handling of the lines as well as the data exchange between the
various applications.

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 P&ID DIAGRAM DRAFT

Two operation modes are available: first open one of the two through
“Working Options”

• Lines List from “Line Manager” or Predefined

• Lines List by “Graphics”

Predefined Lines List Mode

This system comes useful when a Supervisor handles the project and
also in case of plant with great quantities of lines and drawings(ex:
P&ID multilayers, shared 3D mouldings or manual creation of isometric
sketches) . In this working mode the line list is predefined by the
Supervisor, who defines quantities and lines . The users are bound to
use those lines lists when creating a new line .

In this phase the usual mask is available where the users can handle
only those lines inizialized by “Line Manager”. In this case the
background tone of the line becomes light blue . Only the data
contained in “Parts Data” are allowed to be modified as they can
change along the line (ex: Area, Class, ND, Insulation....) The change
of data in the “General” option is not allowed . The user then is free to
create a line with diameters differing from the default in “Line Manager”
and also with a different “Insulation Class”. Viceversa the user is not
allowed to modify “Fluid Type” or “Prroject Pressure” whose choice is
up to the Supervisor.

In the following diagram are available a summary of lines data , and the
two tipologies they belong to as well as the environment where they
can be modified.

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 P&ID DIAGRAM DRAFT

Field Type To be modified in

Unit/System General Line Manager

Line Number General Line Manager

Branch General Graphic , branch are parts of the main line..

Area Parts Graphic

Class Parts Graphic

ND Parts Graphic

Service General Line Manager

Fluid General Line Manager

From/To General Graphic for ESApro P&ID, Line Manager for

(3DP/ISO only) ESApro 3D Piping and ISO.

Nozzle From/To Parts Graphic, a line can have more than one
nozzle connected to branchs.

Line Status General Line Manager

Presssures General Line Manager

Temperatures General Line Manager

Insulation Class Parts Graphic

Tracing/ Jacket Parts Graphic

Customs/ Notes General Line Manager.

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 P&ID DIAGRAM DRAFT

Lines List by “Graphics" mode

This mode does not necessitate the intervention of a Supervisor. The

line data are defined in the creation/modify mask already described.
The procedure then is exactly the same as for the previous versions of
ESApro, where “Line Manager” was not included. Only, the data of the
line here are defined in a graphic environment and feed anyway the
centralized data of “Line Manager”. Two different users then will be
able to work at the same line without the risk of creating clashing data .
But the “General “ fields can be modified and as a consequence each
user will be entitled to modify the line through the “Modify Data” option
or through the “ESApro Line Manager” application as it will be
described further on. In case of a line already iniziailized in “Line
Manager” the background colour of the line creation form turns to light
blue, otherwise it will remain white.

“Line Manager” can be accessed through its button in Ribbon, on the

P&ID V7 menu or on the Toolbars. Its mask will provide the name of
the data base and the current mode (“Line Manager or “Graphic”) on
the column on the left. On the right is displayed the list of the lines and
all the related data fields . The lines have different colours according to
their status. Their status and only that is displayed in the section “Line
Filters”

• White, line inizialized in “Line Manager” or in “Graphic” In the first

case the line is inizialized by the insert button, while in the second
case as soon as the creation process begins . In any case the
line creation mask is just the same.

• Green, engaged line. A line is always considered engaged when

used in a drawing and appears in the line library of the project.
The procedure is carried out through the “Data Extraction”
command “ which also will save the document. Therefore the “Line
manager” is not updated in real time.

• Red, modified line The line can be modified through the “Modify”
command in Line Manager or in Graphics through the “Modify
Data”, as described further on. Bare in mind that the same line can
be used in many drawings which will need to be updated. In fact
when this happens the colour of the line turns from Red to Blue.
When modifying parts of a line it is not necessary to update nor the
drawings or the colour of the line. The variation of a white line not

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 P&ID DIAGRAM DRAFT

engaged does not imply the change of colour as it has not been
used yet in any document. The drawings are updated, once open
and when returning to the drawing from “Line manager”, or
through the “Batch” procedure as it will be described further on.
When all the drawings are updated the line will return into “Line
Manager” and its colour will turn to Green.

Let’s consider now the details of the commands in “Line manager”

Exit: terminates the current session of “Line Manager”

Insert: displays the creation mask of a new line. The data fields of
”Part” and those of “General” are highlighted with different colours. To
create a line means to inizialize it and its colour is white. When creating
a new line, if filled with data already present, the program will send an
error message.

Modify: displays the same mask used for the creation of a new line.
When modifying a white un-used line none of the drawings is updated
and the colour remains White. When a line is engaged (Green) its
colour changes only if a data in “General” is changed. The “Part” data
are considered as default and can be modified locally in the drawings.
Mind that when cancelling a modification which has turned the line from
“Green” to “Red” it remains “Red”, as the line before the cancellation
might have been used by somebody else on another document.

Delete: erases a line in “Line manager” only if the line is engaged, but if
it is not it does not. Mind that once finished the project the lines in
White colour can be deleted as not used anywhere in the project.

Where used: displays a report with the documents of the project

containing the modified lines in colour red. The drawings to update are
found when starts the saving procedure in “Line Manager” through the
“Project Options” mask that will be described further.

Project Options: displays the “Project Options” window which will be

described later on.

Add Project: allows the definition of a new project without going through
the “Project” environment, where the procedure is carried out and that
we will explain further on.

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 P&ID DIAGRAM DRAFT

Import/Export Line: defines an external Excel file to import/Export into

“Line Manager” a list of lines from. Data base structure must comply
with a template under the name: Import_Lines.xlsx in the folder
...\ESApro V7\Common.

Imp/Exp DB: displays the “Import/Export from Database” window which

will be described later on.

Database Management: allows the access to the “Database

Procedure” as described further on.

As already said on the desktop is displayed an icon (P&ID Update

Batch) that launches the update of the drawings of a project following
modifications of lines data contained in “Line Manager” . Once chosen
a Database, pressed the “Database management” command, and also
chosen a project will be displayed all those drawings that need to be
updated. Other drawings can be selected and forcibly updated. The
“Exit” command terminates the procedure. “Update Dr.“ launches the
update and “Database Management”opens the application “Database
Management" described further on.

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 P&ID DIAGRAM DRAFT

3.4 LINE MANAGEMENT

At the Line of the P&ID menu or of the Tool Bar or Ribbon are grouped
some commands for the line maintenance.

o Show line, is the main command to highlight the line’s course and
for the diagnosis of the continuity of the line considered as a
sequence of pipes and components. Each piece of pipe and each
component keep the address of its contiguous elements. These
information, together with the same Identification Line Number,
ensure that the line is considered as a chain of continuous
elements having a well defined path from “From” to “To”. The
“Show line” command requires the selection of a part of a line and
then highlights the whole line. At the line ends two symbols
appear, a green box and a yellow arrow that shows its start point,
end point and direction. Whether the line starts or ends on other
lines or equipment or components, this command displays
respectively the line number or the equipment or component tags
connected as “From” or “To” on the command line. Furthermore
“From” and “To” are highlighted on the drawing with an “X” that
disappears at the first screen re-drawing. Further operations and
material list extraction can be compromised if the command
terminates with an error message or does not display the
expected line or if “From” and “To” are disconnected. In this case
the following commands of line mending and maintenance are
provided:

o Lines grouping: this utility command enables an AutoCAD

selection of all parts and entities of a line. It is like a switch that
activates or dis-activates the process. An option is available to
include all the branches with the same number of the main line.
The command can be used for all pourposes when selecting a
whole line.

o Object Properties, this command is the main tool for examining

and modifying the content of each P&ID object. In this context
we’ll describe its effect upon the lines. For a full description see
Chapter 3.11 “Object Properties”. When you click on any line
piece, the same window used for its creation is displayed. Once
made the modifications, they will be applied to all the line pieces
with the same line number and to all the components laying on
them. If on the line there are one or more reducers, they divide
the line into separate parts. The same effect is generated by
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 P&ID DIAGRAM DRAFT

symbols of reference from a sheet to

another one. Then the modification of a
line laying on more sheets is limited to
the current visible sheet; the reason for
that is to compel the user to verify the
modification effects on the line sheet by
sheet. Anyhow that part of a line affected
by the modification is highlighted on the
drawing. If line parameters changing
causes pipes or components exiting from Class then they will be
highlighted in red. No mark means that all components belong
rightly to Class. If instead of clicking on a line or component the
user presses “Enter” the modality of selection and modification of
single line pieces and components is set. In this way it will be
possible for example to change the material of a line piece going
through a corrosive environment or, if needed, its Line Number or
Class.

o Invert line, simply inverts the flow direction of a line. “From” and
“To” will be reciprocally exchanged. The effect of this command
can be seen with “Show line”. Possible flow direction symbols will
be automatically updated.

For the above mentioned reasons, the deletion of a line element

through standard AutoCAD commands would cause the reference to a
no longer existing object to remain into the contiguous elements. The
line continuity would be spoiled. In fact the program intercepts every
call to the AutoCAD “Erase” command and if applied to P&ID elements
it provides the required adjustments. The “Erase” command, suitably
modified, also provides some useful functions. If a valve or a
component are erased the gap is automatically filled. In case of three-
way valves also the branch gap is filled. If components lay at the end of
a line they are simply removed and their reference I s deleted from the
remaining components. Also in case that a line piece is erased in order
to subsequently modify the line path, the references to the removed
piece are corrected. If an equipment component is erased all the
connected lines are corrected.

o Mend: shows the options “Adjust” and “Synchronize”. The first

one corrects a line reference to a no more excisting object. If a
line or a component have a wrong reference no operation can be
performed on them. In this case with the “Mend” command touch
the line end pointed out by a small magenta square. The wrong
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 P&ID DIAGRAM DRAFT

reference is removed and the line can be modified again. If the

line shows problems in recognizing connections the
“Synchronize” option can be used. This option requires the
ordered selection in the flow direction of all the line components
and eventually of "From" and "To" elements. Eventually
discordant directions are removed and the line is correcly
reconnected.

o Connect Line, is used to connect lines and equipment to an

existing line. As previously mentioned if a line starts or ends on
another pre-existing line or equipment the latter will be stored
into line “From” or line “To”. If the line or equipment are inserted
afterwards the reference must be set by the “Connect Line”
command that requires to approximately select the line end and
the element to be connected to.

Once performed this operation, you can verify with the “Show Line”
command that the connected line or equipment have been stored in
“From” or “To”.

The copy of parts of a diagram P&ID, is a process activated by the

AutoCAD “COPY” and “MIRROR” commands, and also by the “cut and

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 P&ID DIAGRAM DRAFT

paste” functions between two drawings and by the insertion of a block

containing P&ID objects after its explosion.

Command “ARRAY” is not managed and then cannot be used on P&ID

objects. In general the purpose of such commands is to enable the
duplication of any part of an existing plant but do not be misled when
inserting valves or components on the lines as they need to be entered
through the commands the program provides. After the standard
operation of selection and positioning, the program takes control to
rename all the new lines in order to prevent the generation of duplicated
line numbers.

Then it provides the reconnection of new lines and equipment. In case

the copy does not include all the old line components, the new one will
be suitably corrected in order to acknowledge the disconnected parts
and to ensure their congruency. On the mask provided are listed all the
lines to rename. They are temporarely named “#” followed by the old
number or , when the option “Automatic line numbers” is enabled, the
first available number. It is up to the user to accept such procedure and
change it with the command “Modify Data”, or as an alternative to assign
the new number. As said before the “System”, “Fluid” and “Branch”
fields are included, as the new number can be obtained also by their
composition.

The copying process does not take into account either the branches that
maintain the original value and code or the possible equipment,
instruments and other components. Their code modification will be
made, if necessary with the “Object Properties” command.

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 P&ID DIAGRAM DRAFT

3.5 INTERACTION BETWEEN COMPONENTS AND PIPING

CLASS

In this paragraph we deal with the effects of Class on the component

insertion regardless of the geometric peculiarities in the positioning of
components on lines that will be described later on. The valves and the
components can be added soon after the designing of the line through
the commands described in the previous paragraphs. If the user wants
to insert a straight valve the program requires its Class and ND and of
course only those valves belonging to that Class and ND will be
available. Then Tag, Schedule/Rating and Materials and all data of the
line are loaded automatically. When a line DN or Class are changed,
one or more of its components can exit from Class. In this case the
component is highlighted and left in undefined condition, that is to say
that even if not valid, the program does not attempt to automatically
mend it. Every new modification attempt still leaving the component out
of class will cause a new warning message. Possible available
solutions:

o Replace the component with another one provided by Class. It

is the most common situation. The system has prevented the
user from inserting on the line a component not allowed by the
project.

o Replace the Class with another one containing the component.

The Class of the line where the component was laying on or
had to lay on can be changed. For this purpose modify the line
and choose the new Class. Then insert the component or
check that the existing components has returned into Class.

o Modify the line Class in order to contain the needed

component. The concerned Class may be modified by adding
the new component.

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 P&ID DIAGRAM DRAFT

The modification of Piping Classes already in use must be carried out

with care as in some cases the P&ID is not automatically updated.
Typical situations are:

o Modification of class data of a component.(ex: materials) All

components of that type are automatically updated.

o Modification of class data of a pipe. All lines made with that

class are automatically updated. For each drawing the possible
line tags must be updated with the “Update Tags” command.

o Addition of a component to the class. No need for updating as

no component of that type can exist on the drawing.

o Deletion of a component from the class. All components must

be removed from the drawings. The “Drawing check” command
displays all the components out of class.

o Deletion of a class. The program prevents the deletion of

classes referring to one or more drawings.

Furthermore we point out that a Piping Class could have been used on
drawings belonging not only to the same project but also to other ones.
In this case its modification or deletion could affect more projects, either
already filled or still in progress. Therefore we suggest to use a different
database for each project as it will be described further on. In this way
independent environments may be created where Piping Classes are
not affected one by the other.

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 P&ID DIAGRAM DRAFT

3.6 SYMBOL INSERTION, GENERALITIES

Through the dialogue window “Layer Management” the user can

determine the colour and the layer of the P&ID elements . The lines
are built on a system called “PID LINES” followed by System, or Line
Number or the fluid type. As an alternative they can be designed on the
current layer or in a predefined layer. The layer’s colour is assigned by
the colour default available further below. The lines match the values of
the layers they belong to and so do the valves and the lines’
components, but the last ones can hold a different colour . Al the other
elements of P&ID as Instruments, Instruments Line and Signal Lines
are designed on the current layer or the fixed layer. Their colour can be
chosen. Also an explicit colour may be applied to lines. Its value must
be set in the “Working Options” dialogue box and is displayed
whenever the line thickness is switched on in AutoCAD. In case lines
belonging to different
layers and having
different colours,
linotypes and
thickness exist on
the drawing, the
program provides to
respect these
specifications at the
component insertion,
so that the user will
not have to worry
about it. Each
property described
above has just an
aesthetic purpose
and doesn’t affect
the P&ID system
logics.

The insertion of a component can be carried out through the Menu,

Toolbar and Ribbon interfaces. For those elements under the control of
the pipe Class (Valves and line Components) it is required to select a
line before the choice of a list of allowable components. For the other
elements (regulating Valves, Instruments and Equipment) are available
specific dialogue windows..

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 P&ID DIAGRAM DRAFT

In order to be inserted a component needs to be picked up from the

current library through the related dialogue window and then
positioned. The P&ID menu gives access to all the library components.
Almost all procedure commands implement the automatic repetition.
Therefore components may be inserted one after the other in sequence
and it is necessary to press (ESC ro ENTER) to exit the command.

3.6.1 SCALE FACTORS

There are two scale factors for controlling the component dimensions.
Setting is made through the “Print scale” item into the “Working
Options” dialogue window (see paragraph 3.13).

The first one, called “Print scale”, scales all the graphic components in
order to fit a particular requirement. For instance if the P&ID diagram is
drafted on an existing lay-out to be printed in scale 1:100, setting “100”
as scale factor this command forces the program to enlarge a hundred
times title block, symbol and text dimensions.

When the drawing is printed in scale 1:100, everything will go back to

normality. Obviously the “Print Scale” must be set at the start of the
drawing while further variations are not necessary.

The other factor, “Ask X and Y scale”,

allows to individually scale and if needed
distort a symbol with the due respect for its
original dimensions. At the symbol
insertion the program requests the two
multiplying factors for X and Y dimensions
and then continues . After the insertion
remember to switch off the check box in
the “Working Options” window in order to
prevent further continuous requests.

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 P&ID DIAGRAM DRAFT

Furthermore a lot of equipment can directly be scaled or stretched

through the greeps.

3.6.2 LINE COMPONENTS INSERTION AND ALIGNMENT

The program offers a function for the automatic alignment of valves,

components placed in-line instruments and reducers, which permits
their positioning in the nearest point available on the line. While
dragging on the lines, without clicking, the program shows in real time
the component’s state. In detail:

• The component automatically aligns according to the line

direction.

• Inside the AutoCAD’s cursor

distance range, the component is
attracted by the line. Besides it
springs on lines and components
end and mid points. These points
are confirmed by a small yellow
circle called PSnap. Its dimension
is equal to the AutoCAD selection
cursor’s and can be consequently
regulated. Angle and three way
valves spring at the lines
intersections.

• If the class requests it, the

component visualizes the threaded,
flanged, socket-weld style when the
line is touched.

• If the component is positioned on a

instrumental line, it is reduced to half
its original symbol dimension.

• Check valvs, components or instruments which request that,

are automatically orientated to the direction of the line flow.
Changing the flow direction also changes the components
orientation.

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 P&ID DIAGRAM DRAFT

• In any case of wrong positioning or non

correspondence to the line’s class, a red cross
appears on the component to warn the user.
In this case the left clicking is ignored. It is
also ignored when the component is inserted
in out of the line.

To terminate the insertion of a component left click with the mouse.

Immediately after that it will be possible to insert a new component and
so on. To terminate the process press ESC or ENTER. In any case the
component takes its characteristics from the line itself and from the
Class, just like DN, other descriptive data and representation attributes
like colour and layer according to the previously explained rules.
Afterwards the line is automatically trimmed and the component
inserted into the gap. The command “Object Properties” (detailed
below) permits the inversion, the rotation, the shift and the duplication
of a valve or component in the line, after it has been inserted.

Insert command vary according to the typology of the component.

Valves and straight components show the following options at the

command line:

Select a Line, a Valve to replace or (Alignment

/Invert /Rotate /reFerence) <Esc or Enter to

Gli strumenti in linea e le riduzioni non richiedono la scelta della linea

preventiva per l'identificazione della Classe tubazioni, non ne sono
sottoposti, ma per il resto condividono le opzioni e la tecnica di
inserimento di valvole e componenti.

In-line instruments and reductions do not require the previous choice of

the line to identificate the pipe Class, but they share the same options
and insertion technique of valves and components.

Unusually these options, put in round instead of square brackets, do

not need the pressing of ENTER after the capital letter.

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 P&ID DIAGRAM DRAFT

Alignement, shifts the insertion point of the valve or the component

repeatedly to the midpoint, to the left or to the right. Here a cross-
shaped cursor is shown. This control is useful to align a component to
the other or at the end of a line, with the help of PSsnap.

Invert, switch the right side with the left side of the valve or the
component. It is useful to orientate a component which does not
automatically align to the flow direction, like a blind flange or a reducer.
Check valves or preset components instead, align themselves
automatically to the flow direction.

Rotate, rotate the valve or the component

of 180° around the line. It is useful
especially for the most bulky control valves,
when the preset positioning interferes with
already existing parts.

reFerence, aligns the valve or the component to a

point on another line. The object has to be
previously hooked to the destination line while
pressing “F”, otherwise a warning message is sent
by the program. It is therefore possible to select the
alignment which is confirmed by PSnap. In most
cases the point will belong to a similar object
already put on a parallel line, but generally any
selected point is projected onto the line where the
component to be aligned lies. The program
visualizes a guide and shows the alignement in real
time.

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 P&ID DIAGRAM DRAFT

The “Edit component” command, which can be found in drop-down

menu, toolbars and ribbon offers the following modify options about
valves, components and in line instruments, already lying on the lines:

Select an option [Invert /Rotate /Move /Duplicate]

<Terminate>:

Invert, switch the right side with the left side of the valve or the
component. Not those that align themselves automatically to the flow
direction.

Rotate, rotate the valve or the component 180° around the line.

Move, allows to reposition an existing valve or component. The line is

closed again and the component can be replaced by using the same
“line component insertion” method. If the component is compatible the
new position can also be found on another line. The component will
take its properties from the line like DN and Class, but those data
manually submitted by the user (tag, custom fields and normaly
open/close status, etc.) will remain unchanged.

Duplicate, is similar to Move but it does not delete the original

component. It is useful for example for control valves, to maintain the
data present in an existing object.

The command does not act on fixed positioning components, like angle
or three way valves. The reducer only accept Move along the existing
line.

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 P&ID DIAGRAM DRAFT

3.6.3 valves INSERtion peculiarities

The valve insertion command has some useful peculiarities: if you point
an existing object instead of a line, a new object for the selected
command replaces the old one. The new object automatically takes the
place of the old one and its relevant data are picked up from the line
and from the Class. Three or four-way valves are inserted with a single
click on the lines intersection.

Note that three or four-way valves require two or three lines to be

arranged beforehand. The valve is regarded as belonging to one of
them, considered the main one,
from which Class data will be
taken. The other lines are
derived from the main one and
therefore must have different
line or branch codes, will
contain the valve in “From” or
“To” depending on the flow
direction.

Instead, the orientation of angle valves is

determined by the pointed line.

The control valves insertion command gives the user the possibility to
combine actuators and valves. Actuators have to be considered as
special objects that cannot be inserted on their own but must always be
combined with a valve body. In order to do that the user has to click on
the actuator and the valve in the command pannel in order to have
immediately displayed the composite symbol. The insertion technique
is still the same as the one for valves and components.

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 P&ID DIAGRAM DRAFT

3.6.4 INSTRUMENT INSERTION

There are three instrument categories:

o In-line instruments (i.e. the orifice plate FE in figure) that, as already

mentioned, follow the same insertion rules as in-line components.

o Instruments connected to a process line or equipment (i.e. the FT in

figure) by a pipe-line. The user
must point the line or equipment
and then draw the line piece at
whose end the instrument is
positioned. The line piece made
by this command is a special type
of line called “Instrument Line”.
The tag of the process line or
equipment the instrument is
connected to is recorded in the
instrument field “Location”. The
field “System” is also acquired
from the connected element.

o Other instruments (i.e. the FI in figure) that are freely inserted on the
drawing and then connected through special signal lines.

All instruments have the same data structure whose relevant input form
is displayed at the end of the graphic insertion. “Tag/Loop Number” and
“Instrument Type” are displayed downside and upside respectively. The
“Instrument line” that the program automatically draws when inserting
an instrument connected to a pipeline can also be independently built
through the “Instrument Line” command in order to build additional
connections to an instrument (see for example the second line of the
FT in figure)

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 P&ID DIAGRAM DRAFT

The instrument line

represents an hydraulic
connection between the
process line or equipment
and the instrument,
therefore it is characterized
by Piping Class, ND and
other basic properties.
They, even if in a smaller
number respect to process
lines, must be enough in
number to allow the exact
identification of the objects
lying on the instrument line
itself (i.e. root valves). The
instrument line has no line
number, it cannot be tagged and is not on the line lists. When starting
from an existing line it takes its data, except the ND, and displays them
in a check and modify dialogue box. The ND is pre-set at 20 – 3/4”.
When it starts from equipment or any other component default the
displayed data can be freely modified. When inserted on an instrument
line a valve is automatically reduced to an half of its original dimension
and besides it can be located in the tag of the original instrument or the
name of the line or of the equipment connected to the instrument line. A
choice between the two
options can be made on the
“Project Options” window and
the line or equipment tag is
stored in its “Location” field.
Instrument symbols may
further on be connected each
other by means of the ISA
standard signal lines shown in
figure. The “Insert Flow”
command operates on the
Signal Lines also.

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 P&ID DIAGRAM DRAFT

3.6.5 REDUCERS

Reducers are not considered components but functional symbols

whose aim is just to show a change of the line ND and therefore are
excluded from the material lists. The reducer must be inserted on a line
with the usual method and its direction may be reversed if needed. At
this point the reducer mark shows the same diameter for both sides.
Then the “Object properties” command allows the user to change the
diameter, and as an option the other
characteristics of one of the two
branches on the reducer side. In fact
the reducer behaves as a stop to the
modification commands. The change
of the nominal diameter on one branch
will update all the components laying
on it and also the line tag.

3.6.6 EQUIPMENT AND NOZZLES

Machinery, vessels and general equipment that will not be inserted on

line but that determine their starting points or ends, may be manually
positioned on the drawing with the same method used to insert an
AutoCAD block. After their insertion a window will displayed for entering
their data, but the entering of data is not compulsory. Equipments do
not keep track of those lines connected to them. Vice versa lines get
equipment into their “From” or “To” depending on the direction. It is
possible to insert a symbol, “User Equipment” command, in order to
replace a equipment whose graphic symbol is not available in the
library. The command displays the list of the library’s equipment that
the user has to stick to. Therefore the data associated to a symbol , a
light blue dot (which will not be printed), can be those of a pump, of a
compressor or of a generic
equipment. The object’s graphics
can be drawn with AutoCAD or
inserted using an already existing
block. Trough the command
“Connect Line” the lines are
connected to the user equipment
symbol , replacing the missing
equipment.
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 P&ID DIAGRAM DRAFT

Equipment nozzles can be tagged in order to generate the Nozzle List

as shown in figure. To this purpose when creating a line you have to fill
in the fields “From Nozzle” and “To Nozzle”. All lines entering or exiting
a piece of
equipment will
still have in their
“From” or “To”
the equipment
tag but in
addition they will
contain the
nozzle tags also.
Nozzles do not need to be graphically represented, but if they are do
take care to always connect the line to the equipment and not to the
nozzle symbol. In order to display the nozzle tag on the drawing use
the “Display Data” command and select the nozzle tags “From” and
“To”.
About the Nozzle List generation see chapter 5 “Models for Bills of
Materials”.

3.6.7 SYMBOLS

They are non functional objects that can be freely positioned on the
drawing. They own the “Tag” field by which they are entitled to appear
on a line “From” or “To” if connected . For example a symbol may be
used to insert a nozzle, a drain or a vessel vent and to connect one or
more lines with the tag set by the user on the symbol as “From” or “To”
without the need to define the nozzle, drain or vent as an on line
component or equipment.
Symbols are not inserted in the material lists but they can appear in the
legends. Unlike all the other P&ID elements that have a predefined
data structure assigned by the program during the customization
procedure, symbols can keep the attributes defined by the user. At the
end of the symbol graphic insertion the user will be normally requested
to enter the attribute values.

Two symbols deserve a particular mention, the connection and the

break/jumper. They are not really simple symbols but line accessories
having their own specific insertion commands.

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 P&ID DIAGRAM DRAFT

Connection, as already described, is used to create a knot from which

two or more lines depart. It is a small black balloon. It can take other
lines at its free quadrants or in general at its periphery.

The break/jumper symbol is used for aesthetic purpose when two lines
cross each other. The program automatically cuts one of the two lines
but it can leave a gap between the two resulting segments or insert the
jumper symbol depending on the setting of the “Insert cut symbol” at
the item “Line creation” of the “Working options” window. The same
window enables the set-up of
the dimension of the jumper or
gap. If the “jumping” manual
command is used for lines
cutting, bare in mind that the
jumper is put on the first
touched line, matching layer
and colour of the interested
elements. The logical continuity
of the cut line is not affected by
the cutting operation.
The “Jump” command also allows the user to mend a cut line. An
“Enter” is required first then the selection of the two pieces. Finally the
line is continuous once again.

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 P&ID DIAGRAM DRAFT

3.7 COMPONENT TAGGING

In general components may be marked with a visible tag which can be

a prefix, a progressive number or a suffix.
At the insertion of any P&ID element, the (eventual) prefix and suffix set
in the “Working Options” at the item “Automatic Prefixes” are displayed.
There are three possibilities:
1. Prefix and suffix are taken out from the Component database
2. Prefix is taken from Class. Only prefix as suffix is not managed
by the “From Class” option.
3. Prefix and suffix do not appear at all at the component insertion
if the “User prefix” is set. In this case they can be entered in the
automatic numbering phase as described in the following
paragraph.
The “Object Properties” command allows the user to enter a manual
tag at any time. The “modify” window can be displayed soon after the
valve insertion or the on line component insertion (see the relevant
option in the “Working Options” window) in order to immediately insert
or modify the tag.
It is possible to check immediately whether the entered tag is
duplicated in the current drawing or in the whole project (“Duplication
check” in the “Working Options” window). This is particularly useful
whenever the user chooses to manually enter the tag. The check-out of
the whole project works out only for those drawings which have already
undergone the “Data Extraction” procedure. In order to finish the check
of all the Project drawings, including those finished after the current
one, it is used the “Find duplicate tags” command in the pull down
Projects of the P&ID Menu. After selecting the Project a list will display
the related duplicated tags and drawings. The list is available on screen
or as Excel file or Access table.
The void tags or those containing just the prefix from Class or database
without progressive number are not considered duplicated.

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 P&ID DIAGRAM DRAFT

The only text, visible on the drawing next to a component, is the tag,
except for instruments showing instrument type and loop number. As a
default all the other data are not visible but they can be viewed on the
“Display Data” command. It displays a window for selecting the field to
be visualized and then drives the positioning on the drawing.

Then the command provides to point at an object of the same type in

order to get and visualize the same datum (for instance the capacity of
a group of vessels). But if the datum or the object are different the
command must be re-executed. We point out that visualized data can
come through the input window from Class, from the line or from the
previous user compilation. Therefore do not operate directly with
AutoCAD on the visualized text as it will be automatically updated as a
consequence of the modification of the related environments.
Tag is located in a default position, pre-set at the moment of symbol
definition during the customization procedure. If necessary the “Edit
data” command of the "P&ID" menu allows the user to re-position,
rotate and scale tags and any other visible data. In order to activate
such process click the datum and proceed. In this way the integrity
between graphic entity and data will be preserved. We remind the
reader that this procedure contemporarily manages graphics and data
and this link must never be broken in order not to lose very important
functions of bill of material automatic generation.

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 P&ID DIAGRAM DRAFT

The “Explode” AutoCAD command must not be used on the elements

generated by ESApro-P&ID otherwise lists will result incorrect or
incomplete. The on line components tags can be taken from Class or
database depending on the setting picked out in the window “Working
Options” item “Automatic Prefixes”. When equipment are just a few ,
tags are usually manually entered at their insertion.
In all cases a powerful procedure is provided for the automatic tagging
of valves, on line components, instrumentation and equipment which
adds a progressive number to the existing prefixes and suffixes
independent from their insertion method. Said procedure is selected by
the “Automatic Tagging” item in the P&ID menu or in the related
toolbar. A dialogue box drives the user through this operation.

In the higher part of the mask components to be numbered are defined.

Two methods are provided:
1. By category (Valves, on line components etc...). In this case a
single progressive number will be defined for all the elements of a
category. For instance if category “valve” is selected the numbering
process will make no distinction among the various valve
typologies.
2. By component. In this case just one component type will be
numbered. In order to select said component type the user must
enter its code or press the “Select” button and then point it on the
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 P&ID DIAGRAM DRAFT

drawing. In this way, for instance, gate valves will take progressive
numbers independent from globe valves.

In the lower part of the mask it is defined the way the numbering acts
on the selected components. In “Prefix and Suffix” it is defined where
the part before and after the progressive number are taken from. As
already said they can come from the Symbol Database or from Class.
But if “User Prefix” is selected, values for Prefix and Suffix will directly
be entered in the related boxes of the “Manual Parameters” area of the
mask.
The number of digits to be used for the progressive number is set in
the “Numbering Type” box of the “Numbering Settings” area.
Progressive numbers are not added when checking the “No
numbering” box so that both Class and Database prefix and suffix can
be restored. The last used number is generally found by the program
but alternatively it is possible to force any value in the “Last Number”
box having previously unchecked the “Find Last Number” box. If the
“Select Numbering Area” is activated , the numbering process is
restricted to those components selected on the drawing.

At last numbering will take place according to the requested settings

by pressing “Numbering”.

Numbering does not operate on the already numbered components. A

component to be considered liable to numbering must not have tag or
a standard Class or Database Prefix. If the re-numbering of a given
type of components is required the “Reset” operation must be
performed beforehand. Select the components and then press the
“Reset” button. Tags will be cleared and components re-numbered.

The order the program adopts for the numbering depends on the
component insertion chronology and it is nearly random.

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 P&ID DIAGRAM DRAFT

“Select Numbering Area” can be used in order to affect the ordering

sequence “. The selection is made with the standard AutoCAD tools.
The selection made on the window will give the possibility for a given
range of progressive number to be used in a given area.
The selection of a single object will allow the user to precisely address
the numbering order. The program will keep on seeking the last used
number, adding prefixes, suffixes and applying the requested format.

The “P&ID/Tagging” menu provides the “Find Components and Lines”

command used for making inquiries based on Component Tags or
Line Identifiers. It has four options for the “Inquiry Type”:

o “Component by tag”, lists the

tags of all the components or
enables to enter one in the
upper left box. Once selected
the tag and pressed the
“Find” button the program
finds the component with the
wanted tag and highlights it
with a yellow circle. Pressing
the “Enter” key in sequence
eventual other components
with the same tag can be
found. In case the
component is off the screen it
will be pulled back to the
center. If a null string is
entered in the upper left box
all the components without a
tag will be displayed.

o “Duplicate tags”, similar to the previous option, it does not require

the input of a tag but it finds all the duplicated ones. The
visualization in sequence of all the components with identical tags
occurs in the same way as at the previous point.

o “Lines by number”, lists the line numbers and by pressing the “Find”
button highlights the selected one.

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 P&ID DIAGRAM DRAFT

o “Lines by number and system”, works as the previous one but it

uses System + Line Number as a search key; it is useful for those
who use KKS standard.

o “Hold Components” is a list of components not perfectly defined.

Press “Find” to highlight the selected list.

o “Search in” searches the whole drawing or a selected area.

o “Handle” can find whatever component through the univocal

exadecimal code assigned by AutoCAD (ex: 2F9) It can be very
useful when during the drawing check out , ESApro P&ID stops on
the unvalid component and points out the Handle to make a search
with.

o The options in the Filter area of the mask ignores the difference
between capital and small characters and uses the wild cards (*,?)
in the search string.

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3.8 LINE TAGGING

Even lines can get an identifier that usually is a combination of the line
data. As this combination can vary from case to case, a tool is available
for defining your own tagging model.

1. Definition of the tagging model in the “Project” environment. All

tags inserted on drawings belonging to a given Project will
match (agree to) the corresponding model.

2. Line tag insertion with the “Line ID” command of P&ID menu or
the related toolbar.

Tag composition and appearance are controlled through the dialogue

box activated by the command “Tag” in “Project Option”

All data available for tagging are listed on the left side of the window.
Those chosen for tagging on the right. In order to add a field just
highlight it on the list on the left and then press the insertion arrow. In
order to remove a field operate in the other way around. Fields can be
re-ordered with the arrows on the low right set. In the low box an
example is shown for checking the tag settings. Keep in mind that only
the data combination is defined in this mask, actual field values will be
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taken from the specific line. In the “Prefix” and “Suffix” columns
constant strings can be entered which will precede or follow the value
taken from the line. For example ND before value 3” and a hyphen
soon after so to distinguish it from the next datum.

With the obtained model lines can quickly be tagged through the “Line
Tag” command. It is enough to touch the line close to the point where
the tag has to appear.

The tag composition model is stored into the drawing and will be valid
until its eventual modification that has to be made in the “Project”
environment and that will be applied to all the related drawings. In such
case all tags on the drawings will automatically be updated at their
opening just to match the new structure. The line tag is also
automatically updated as a consequence of modifications of the line
data. At last we underline that, as a line can change characteristics
along its path (for instance the ND), the tag does not generically
depend from the line but more precisely from the segment touched
when inserting the tag. For this reason when a line segment with a link
to a Tag is erased, said link is broken and the Tag becomes useless.

The “Check Drawing” command is capable of locating this problem

which is solved by erasing the orphan tag and re-creating it on a new
segment.

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3.9 ISA STANDARD COMPLIANCE

Through the “Working Options” window

the program can be set in order to tag
control valves and instruments according
to the ISA standard. Then if a valve is
combined with an actuator through the
already described procedure, after its
insertion on the line a balloon with
Tag/Loop Number and Instrument Type
will display ready to be positioned. The
instrument type value can be selected in a
pull down list referring to the
“Instrument Types” library described
further on. The on line instruments have the same behaviour except
for the generic one, a balloon that keeps data within its periphery. Also
the signal lines, already described, satisfy the ISA standard. The
balloon can be dynamically re-positioned with the “Notes Editing”
command.

3.10 KKS STANDARD COMPLIANCE

With the “Working Options” window the program can be set to perform
tagging according to the KKS standard. Implications are the following
ones:

o Lines, when creating a line the “System” becomes a mandatory

field. A line is identified by the combination “System / Line Number”.
As a consequence two lines with the
same number but different “System”
are not considered duplicate. It is
possible to perform the KKS tagging
with the same method previously
described by setting the line number
prefix to “BR” as provided by KKS. Furthermore the system is
displayed within a “flag” positioned above the rest of the tag and
turned as the flux direction.

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o Valves: as the required standard prefix AA is taken from Symbol

Database the user must be careful to correctly compile it. The
progressive number following the prefix can be inserted manually or
by the already described automatic procedure. In the mask
“Working Options” section “Tag and ND” it is possible to set the
tagging in such a way that the “System” is displayed before the
valve tag. The two tagging options are shown below.

o On line components, similarly to valves the required standard prefix

is taken from the Symbol Database. Therefore the Symbol
Database must be fed by the user in accordance with the standard.
In this case too it is possible to place the “system” beforehand.

o Equipment, the tag prefix is taken from

the database and visualized together
with the system. As usual the
progressive number can be inserted
manually or with the automatic
procedure.

o Instruments, balloons have an oval shape

according to standard. The Instrument
Type is visualized in the upper part while
the System and Tag in the lower one. The
progressive number can be inserted
manually or by the already described
automatic procedure.

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3.11 ANNOTATIONS

A program is provided that allows the user to put different types of

notes on the drawings. Said procedure is launched through the item
“Annotation” of the P&ID menu or through the related toolbar and
offers the following options for drawing:

- Leader with text on more rows

- Leader with a maximum of three rows within a balloon. As a

function of the number of rows the layout changes as shown
in figure.

- Leader with text on more rows within a rectangular box

- Leader with text on more rows within an oval label. Also in

this case the layout changes as a function of the number of
rows as shown in figure.

In all cases the box is dimensioned on the basis of the text size as well.
The leader configuration and the text layout are controlled by
dimension style settings.

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The option “Annotation Settings” allows the user to define other

parameters which control the note generation.

- Choice to write a free text or activate an automatic

numbering. In this case start-number, step, prefix and suffix
can be set.

- Choice of colors of leader, box and text.

- No leader drawing

It is also provided a command “Edit Annotations” for the note dynamic

re-positioning. By pointing text or box the label can be moved
elsewhere. The leader top remains hooked on to the original point while
the end is re-connected to the box in the new position. On the contrary
if it is picked up the leader the
command allows the contemporary
movement of label and leader.

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3.12 OBJECT PROPERTIES

It is the main tool for examining and modifying the content of whichever
P&ID object. It can be launched with the “Object Properties” command
of the P&ID menu, by the “XL” shortcut or through the toolbars or the
Ribbon, or just double-clicking on the object. The consequence on the
various P&ID objects are described below:

o Lines, when pointing at any segment of a line the same mask used
for its creation is displayed. Once carried out the modifications they
will be applied to all the segments with the same line number and to
all the components laying on them. If one or more reducers are
present, they divide the line in separated branches for data
modification purpose.

The same effect is generated by cross reference symbols from one

sheet to another. Therefore the modification of a line lying on more
sheets is restricted to the current visible sheet. In any case that part
of the line interested to the modification is highlighted on the
drawing. If a change of the line parameters causes the exit of one or
more pipes or components from Class, they will be highlighted with
a red symbol. Vice versa the absence of signs means that they
belong to Class. If “Enter” is pressed, rather then pointing a line or a
component the user has the possibility of selecting and modifying
specific segments of line or components. In such way it will be
possible, for example, to change the material of a line sector
passing through a corrosive environment or, if needed, Class or
Line Number. This function cannot be enabled with a double-click.

o Valves, Components instruments connected to the pipeline, if you

point at such objects laying on a line it is possible to modify the
single element. Line and other objects on it will not be interested to
the modification. Modification can be made to the component data
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only, not to data coming from Class or Line.which are only visually
listed. At the bottom of the mask you can find the address of the
Datasheet of the line’s valve or line component, generated with the
“ESApro Instrumentation” extra module. Beside
the “Uncertain” mark indicates that the object
has not been completely defined. If the user
wants to represent a valve normally closed
check on “Closed” to get a black valve.

o Equipment, the same mask used for their creation and modification
concerns the pointed object only.

o Instruments, the same mask used for their creation is displayed.

The connected ones connected to lines through a coupling or to
equipment, are dynamically linked to them through the value stored
in the “location” field. If Line Number or Equipment Tag change the
“Location” field is automatically updated.

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o Cross Reference or Multisheet Symbols, it is displayed the same

mask used for their creation. We will be dealing in detail with the
multisheet management in the next paragraph.

3.13 CROSS REFERENCES AND MULTISHEET

ESApro P&ID multisheet support enables the creation of large

diagrams subdivided into more .DWG files. To this purpose it is
necessary to continue the broken lines of a drawing upon another one
and so on. The link performed by attaching to the line-ends the suitable
reference symbols causes the lines to result continuous from “From” to
“To”, as if they were drawn on a single large virtual drawing.

The generic diagram of a multisheet P&ID is shown below:

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Once drawings are finished and assigned the various sheet links (that
is once inserted all references) the system will be capable of correctly
recognizing the multisheet links and getting the physical “Froms” and
“Tos” of the line ideally connected. The resulting line list will be
displayed like the one below.

LINE N° ND CLASS FROM TO

001 80 A03 SYSTEM X SYSTEM Y

The line references are set by the “Insert Cross Reference” command.
Point to the end of the line to be referenced and then the following
window will appear:

Three types of reference are available through this window

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External System: the text entered in the box becomes at all effects
the line “From” or “To”. The command will insert an arrow with its tip
in the line flux direction.

External Drawing: allows the user to cross reference a line present

in more drawings within a project. It is required to enter or select on
the list a drawing number belonging to the same project. The list is
available only if the drawing has already been made and inserted into
the project database. The program will insert an arrow with the same
direction of the line and reporting on text the number of the line origin
or destination drawing. The arrow text and the number of the drawing
to be connected can be modified at every time with the “Object
Properties” command.

Line section: this option gives the possibility to reference two pieces
of the same line within the same drawing. This mechanism prevents
from drawing a line which is too long and going over a lot of other
lines or equipment.

A function has been added in order to check the status of references

among the various drawings. As the check is carried out just on data
stored in the drawing database, it can only be launched after the data
extraction of the related drawings. The check-out is performed within
the project table pressing “Links” after the selection of the concerned
drawings.

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During the check operation the following conditions are tested:

o The drawing number specified in a reference does not exist or

is
not yet present in the database.
o The drawing number specified in a reference does exist but a
line with the corresponding number has not been found
o A line is present on more sheets but references are missing.

When building the Line List the program operates as follows:

o The Line List of the current drawing shows only the local
ends, that is in case of a line starting from (or reaching for) an
external drawing, the drawing identifier (drawing number)
indicated on the reference will be “From” or “To”.
o The Line List of the whole project or more drawings, launched
by the P&ID environment, will take into account eventual
references among different sheets and will show the physical
From and To (ex. the tags of the connected equipment) of the
line passing through the various sheets.

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3.14 WORKING OPTIONS

The “Working Options” command of the P&ID menu displays a window

where several parameters capable of affecting the diagram drawing up
can be set.

In the “Working Mode” section are set the previously described ISA
AND KKS tagging standards. As the tagging mode heavily affects the
P&ID graphics, it must be set at the initial stage of the work and not
changed any more. Otherwise the drawing update could not be
complete and it would be necessary to erase and re-insert the objects
whose tagging would not be suitable and in particular lines and
equipment tagging in KKS mode.

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The working database appearing on AutoCAD status line. can be set in

the “Drawing Database” section

Each Database can contain different definitions of Classes, Tables and

Projects. It is possible then to delimit each project within a Database
whose future modifications will not affect other projects referring to
different Databases. For this reason we suggest to create one Project
per Database even thought more projects are allowed. The current
database is stored into the drawing and is displayed at its re-opening.
The database of an existing P&ID diagram can be changed. But it could
necessitate the update of the lines when Classes and the symbol
libraries are differing. In case of conflict the program will provide the
necessary information. The program will make the updating of the
whole drawing and will report eventual conflicts with the new Piping
Classes.

The drawing identifying data must be specified in order to correctly

transfer the components data to the Project Database. Said data are
Project Code, Drawing Number, sheet Number , optional, and Revision
level that initially can be blank. Said data will be mandatorily requested
when launching “Data Extraction” that performs a general drawing
diagnosis and data transfer to the Project Database. We point out that
the Project Code cannot be entered directly but it must be chosen from
the list of the already created ones. The Project creation is made in the
P&ID menu Project.

If the “Update Title Block Attributes” box is checked, Project, Drawing

Number, Sheet and Revision are transferred to the title box, provided it
has been customized as required by the program. We remind that said
customization is not mandatory; for further information see appendix
A8.

In the “Tags Setting” section it is possible to set:

o The height of the component tag.

o The widening factor of tags. The value “1” keeps the original width
unchanged.

o The ISA circles radius related to the equipment and to the valves
(valvola di regolazione)

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o The prefix/suffix origin by choosing among Piping Class (that

provides only the prefix), Symbol Archive and free manual
compilation. We remind that the so assigned tag can also take a
progressive number through the automatic numbering process.

o The visualisation of the system near valves and on line components

(available in the KKS tagging system only).

In the “ND Setting” section it is possible to set:

o The visualisation of the nominal diameter at the side of the lines’

valves or components and a prefix. Mind that the predefined
mesurment of the ND (millimetres or inches) is established in the
attachments of each pipe Class used by P&ID.

In the “Symbol Insert” section:

o The visualisation of the ND near valves and on line components.

We remind that the measure unit for ND is set in the P&ID Menu
when the Project which the drawing belongs to is defined.

o For components or valves, the visualisation of the data window soon

after the object has been inserted. The reason for that is the prompt
tag compilation in case the user adopts the manual insertion

o The real time control of the possible duplication of tags entered in

the current drawing and on the Project.

In the “Components Scale” section two scale factors can be inserted:

o "Print Scale", scales all the graphic elements for particular needs
(i.e. drawing of a P&ID on an existing lay-out which will be printed
on a scale 1:100).

o "Ask for X/Y scale", allows the user to individually scale and possibly
distort a symbol at the insertion. This option remains active and
must be reset when no longer needed.

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In the “Line Creation” section the following settings are provided:

o When two lines cross each other, which of the two (horizontal,
vertical) is automatically cut. Such automatism can be disabled, in
such case the user has at his disposal the manual command which
selects the line to cut that is the first selected one.

o The size of the gap created by cutting one of two crossing lines.

o Whether a jumper symbol must be inserted on the gap in order to

connect the two parts of the cut line.

o The line physical thickness which will be visible when the line
thickness visualization is enabled in AutoCAD.

o The automatic insertion of flow direction symbol on the lines.

o In case of alternatives in Piping Class, whether the program must

offer the choice of the possible options or automatically choose the
component displayed as first in class and therefore considered the
preferential one (see “Piping Class Management” further on).

Many of the above described options once modified will automatically

update the drawing in order to match the new settings.

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3.15 SIZES AND TITLE BLOCKS

This part of the program deals with the insertion of the standard size
borders (A0–A4) supplied with the program and the title block
containing the current drawing data. These functions are available on
the P&ID menu, “Title Block” or in the notation section of the Ribbon.

The selection of a size enables the insertion of the sheet border

dragged through its center. The title block insertion requires its
positioning within the border. A title block completed with borders can
be also used avoiding in this way the border insertion.

The user can arrange text attributes into his own title block (for that
purpose see the AutoCAD manuals). If said attributes include those
related to Project Code, Drawing Number, sheet number and Revision
the program will automatically fill them with values taken from the
“Working Options” settings. For further information on title block
customization see Appendix A8.

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4 DATABASE MANAGEMENT AND BILLS OF MATERIALS

The P&ID program is equipped with an external procedure accessible

through the “Specific Management” command of the P&ID pull down,
through the “SP” shortcut or through the related toolbar button, or in
Ribbon. This procedure manages the database tables, in particular
Symbols and Projects, and allows the generation of Piping Classes and
Bill of Materials. Initially a mask displays giving access to various
functions. The environment is made of a series of masks and
commands complying with the standards of Windows. Windows are re-
sizable and can fit your own needs. The set configuration is memorized
and explained in the next working session.

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4.1 SYMBOL LIBRARY MANAGEMENT

On the P&ID menu press “Components” and access to the P&ID

symbols management window. It is used for consulting , modifying and
deleting components. Data linked to each symbol will be used
whenever a component has to be identified, in the of Piping Classes
creation and in Bills of Material extraction.

Every symbol is identified by its own code as described at paragraph

A.1 “Symbols Arrangement”. Codes are listed below.

Description Group
Actuators 0A
Valves 00 o 01
Pipes 03
Line’s components 04 o 05
Motors 06 o 07
Generators 08 o 09
Pumps/ejectors 10 o 11
Compressors 12 o 13
Exchangers 14 o 15
Vessels 16 o 17
Instruments 18 o 19
Component’s symbols 20 o 21
Instrument’s symbols 22 o 23
Equipment’s symbols 24 o 25
Equipments 26 o 27

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At the top of the window there is a pull down menu where one of the
groups, where the P$ID components are subdivided, can be selected
Such choice filters only those components related to the selected
group. The window below shows how to correct the data of a selected
symbol through a mask as in the figure. Otherwise the line chosen on
the list can be directly modified: the modalities are as follows.

o The Arrows allow the user to move around the various fields
and from one line to another.

o Double click or F2 allow the modification of the selected data.

Bare attention to the data entered in these modes as they are recorded
at once in the symbol library and cannot be modified. Symbol and code
are not modifiable as they are the result of the customization procedure
as well as the component type. But it is possible to automaticaly align
the direction of a component on the line if "Oriented with Flow" is
checked. The check on “update all databases in the library …..” allows
the modifification in all databases shared by the library. Otherwise the
modification applies only to the current database. For further
information about the customization of the symbol go to the

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“Customization Symbol Library”

appendix. Five different languages
are available for the descriptions as
well as for the prefix and the suffix as
they are part of the tag of the
drawing: the defined description can
be a progressive number applied
later through manual or automatic
procedures.

At the side of the symbol there is a

pull down menu with an index
containing all the possible graphic
modification of a component, but only
for valves and line components.

The Delete button removes a symbol from the list unless used in Class
and Documents.

The Export command inserts the symbol list into an Excel file.

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4.2 PIPING CLASSES MANAGEMENT

The “Class” concept has already been explained in chapter 3.1.

Once in “Specific Managment” enable the Class Table with the pull
down menu “Tables/Classes” or press “Class” on the upper application
bar. The list of the existing Classes will be displayed on the windows.

The window up above displays the list of the

existing Classes. On the left there are buttons for
the creation “New”, the duplication “Copy”, the
removal “Delete” , “Export” to get an hard copy of
the class selected on Excell. The second down
button, “Detail” leads into the environment for the
component management of the selected Class. The
upper button “Exit” closes the application window.

The button “Attachments” for each pipe diameter

sets whether the ND will be displayed in mm or
inches.

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The creation of a new class requires the definition of its characteristics

as shown on the window.

By pressing OK the new Class definition is inserted on the list in colour

red to state that Class is still lacking details.

Through “Copy” a new class definition is immediately generated and a

copy of the highlighted one can be made with the “Copy of …”
command before the original Class name. Then all the needed
modifications will be performed, including the change of the default
name assigned by the program. To modify the value of a data field of a
Class the user must highlight it with a click and then with an other one
the over-writing will be enabled.

The “Detail” button or a double click on a Class of the list brings to the
window that allows the user to enter the Class components.

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On the lower left there are the usual buttons for Inserting, Modifying,
Deleting and Exiting from the window. The two arrows above “Insert”
and “Modify” are used for the priority management in case of
alternatives in Class, as described further down.

Furthermore two areas can be recognized:

o An upper one, yellow coloured, containing the detail of the

components already inserted.

o A lower one where it is possible to enter the detail of a new

component or to see and possibly modify data of an existing
one.

An icon above on the left represents the selected component and at its
right a small pull down menu contains one of the possible
representations of the object called “Visualisation style”.

An icon on the left upper part of the window displays the selected
component symbol.

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The insertion of a new component can work in two ways:

o By locating the wished component through the pull down list

available in the “Component” box. The list contains all the
objects defined in Symbol Table even the customized ones.
Every component displays its internal code, Mind that only the
valves and the line components are under the Class control ,
therefore this list will not include instruments and equipment. Its
description and its figure for an easier identification and its
characteristic data. Press “Insert” a The “Visualisation style”
command enables the wished representation for each size
range with the same code. For instance the representation of
threaded ends up to a certain ND, and then flanged
representation. The internal code does not change and then
the Class remains valid even when in another project the
visualisation style is different.

o By highlighting a component already existing in the list.

A copy of the selected component is created capable
of being subsequently modified. Press “Insert” to
create a new record Both the original row and the
duplicated one are highlighted in red, in order to make
clear that. there are more versions of the same
component for the same size range. When you need to
modify an existing component it is enough to highlight
it, make the needed changes and then press “Modify”
in order to performe the upgrade.of the line.

You can insert a component in a given class more than once with the
same diameter. This configuration is called “Alternative in Class”. Let’s
suppose that a ball valve for a given diameter is admitted threaded as
well as socket welded. In order to enable this alternative insert twice
the valve symbol, whose description in “Symbol Table” is generically
“Ball Valve”, choose the same diameter range, specify two different end
types, and possibly other differences such as material or part number
and the “Visualisation style”.

The two rows on the list will be displayed in red in order to highlight that
for the same symbol there are diameters overlapping each other. In this
way it is easy to diagnose and correct a possible error. When inserting
the component with an alternative in Class the user will be asked to
choose one of the versions and then the command will normally
terminate. On the contrary if the “Choose First in Class” box of the
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“Working Options” window is checked the components displayed first

among the alternatives are inserted without any further request. The
order of the alternative components in Class can be changed with the
arrows above the “Insert” and “Modify” buttons. In a possible bill of
materials the two versions can be recognized from the different value of
the end type field. Another way for implementing this variant is to
customize two distinct symbols and insert them into the table with
different code and description. For further information on this subject
see paragraphs 4.3 “Line Management” and “Interaction between
Components and Piping Class”

Now let’s examine the characteristic data that can be linked to a

component.

o In the “From ND” “To ND” boxes it can be specified the nominal
diameter range in which the component data are constant. This
operation saves the user a lot of time and reduces the risk of
typing errors. Diameters are selected within an user
customizable pull down list.

o In the “Tag Prefix” box it can be specified the prefix that will be
displayed at the side of the graphic symbol on the drawing. It
can be subsequently integrated with a numeric progressive. For
further details see paragraph “4.6 Component Tagging” and
“4.13 Working Options” also)

o In the “Standard”, “Schedule/Rating” and “Material” boxes the

relevant data for the component or pipe can be entered through
pull down lists whose values are stored in suitable tables as
described further on. Otherwise the first fitting datum is reached
by entering one or more characters. For example by entering
“3” into the “Schedule/Rating” box the item “300 LB” is
immediately reached.

o “Part Number” “Manufacturer” and “Model” respectively indicate

part number for the linkage with the enterprise management
software, manufacturer and model number of the component.

o In the “End Type” box end type codes can be entered such as
“butt weld”, “socket weld”, “threaded” and “flange” end type.
The first two box are provided for the two ends of straight-way
and angle components, the third for the branch end type of

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three-way components and the fourth for the second branch

end type of four-way components. In this case also pull down
lists are available whose values are stored in suitable
customizable tables as described further on.

o At last five fields called “User 1-5” are available for other items
not provided in the standard Class data and the “Notes” field. .
We clarify the difference between these available data and
those of the components. The values contained in the Class
“User 1-5” fields are automatically attached to the object at
every insertion. On the contrary the object available fields
“Available 1-8” can get different values accordingly with the
object. For example the “User 1” Class field is used to specify
the finishing and is set on “galvanized”. All the objects of that
type inserted into the drawing will get the value “galvanized”.
Furthermore the “Available 1” field is used to specify the colour
of the same object. In this case it is possible to differentiate the
object freely assigning “Red” to one of them, “Green” to another
one and so on. In the “Modify” mask of the component “User 1”
field “galvanized” that comes from Class will be visible but not
modifiable. On the contrary the “Available 1” “Red” field of an
object will be visible and modifiable at any time.

The “Delete” button removes elements from the Piping Class. Before
executing this command the program asks for a confirmation .

By the way the defined Classes described as above remain available

without limit for future drawings.

We remind that Classes are restricted to their own Project Database

and cannot interfere with those belonging to different Project
Databases.

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4.3 PROJECTS MANAGEMENT

The item “Project” of the “P&ID V7” menu provides a mask for creating,
modifying, visualizing, exporting, printing and deleting Projects and
related drawings. Actually drawings are not physically deleted but their
definition and data related to the contained components are removed
from the Database. In order to restore a drawing definition it is enough
to execute the “Data Extraction” operation described further on. In the
P&ID environment, in order to specify the current drawing project the
user will go to the “Working Options” mask and through the suitable pull
down menu he will get the list displaying all the items of the Project
Table for the selection.

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This item is used for the following operations:

o Insert, creates a new Project. The mask is displayed for filling in

the code and description.
The code is the code
reported in the material
list when the column
“Project” is required. The
description is not
mandatory.

o Modify, allows the change of the Project description and units

through the same mask used for “Insert”.

o Delete, removes the Project definition and the related drawings

from the database. The AutoCAD files are never deleted. The
deleted Project can be recalled through the “Data extraction” of
each drawing.

o Links, checks the cross references among the various drawings of

a multisheet P&ID. For further information see chapter “Cross
References and Multisheet”.

o Export, exports the list of the Project drawings in Excel.

o "Copy", allows the copy

of a selected project with
a new name thus
creating an alternative
project with the same
starting values. When
necessary all the lines
contained in Line manager can be copied as well. The list of the
drawings is not reported. The drawings of the newly named project
must be open first and then the project assigned to the Working
Options.

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The window “Option” allows the user to set up a series of parameters valid
for all the drawings of the project. It follows a list of the various settings

Root Valves location: defines if the location of the root valves of a

connected instrument must be the instrument itself rather then the line
or the equipment the instrument is built on

Ignore drawing name in Library: through this command the program

ignores the name of the AutoCAD file during the storage of the
drawings and it acknowledges the Project, the Drawing Number and
the Revision only . Then the same drawing number from two AutoCAD
files is not accountable as a duplicate. Example: in case the company
standards impose to rename the AutoCAD file when the revision index
changes.

Revision management: it saves the lists of previous revisions ( the

option is available in the module P&ID Plus only).

Tag: it defines the line tag for the whole Project. The command “Line
Tag” in the AutoCAD environment will use such composition. See
paragraph 3.7 “Line Tagging” for further information about the use of
the mask.

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In the “Line and Drawings” pull down menu in the “Lines” section.

Line creation mode: The lines of the project will be predefined in “Line
Manager” by a supervisor or the lines will be created first in a graphic
environment and then entered into “Line Manager”

Lines numbering criteria: determines if the line tag must contain, beside
the usual Unit/System+Number also the Fluid. In this case it is allowed
to assign the same line Number to lines with different Fluids. This
procedure though might affect P&ID Piping and Sketch and cannot be
modified if some drawings have already been extracted from the
Project.

Lines numbering : the Line Number of the creation mask can be

assigned in automatic as progressive or inserted manually

In the “Drawing” section.

“Disable drawing update at the opening “ inhibits the automatic

updating of a drawing at its opening caused by a data modification in
“Line Manager”.

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Saving procedures : determines the saving procedure of the drawings

of a Project for each ESApro application so to update, when necessary,
all the drawings of a Project.

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4.4 BILL OF MATERIALS

Once completed the P&ID with graphics and data, bill of materials can
be extracted.

At first the project database has to be updated with new drawing data
with the “Data Extraction” command. This operation loads all data of
the drawing components into the Database with the project and
drawing number previously specified through “Working Options”.
During the data extraction process a full drawing check is performed
and eventual problems are reported. The drawing check can also be
carried out by the “Drawing Check” command. Its options allow the
user to inspect the correctness of lines and components on the whole
drawing or on a selected subset.

Some objects can be arranged so that they will not become a part of
the bill of material. For example the parts of existing lines or the parts
provided by a third party. “Xclude from bill of material” command allows
the selction of such objects. Also another option is available to re-install
objects previously selected. The excluded objects are positioned upon
the “ESApro-xclude” layer in light blue colour and dashed line so to
easily trace them. Such characteristics can be changed at will. Press
once the “Line Grouping” command to select a whole line and its
branches.

Then bills of materials, customized by procedures described at

paragraph 4.5 “Management of Bill of Materials Models”, can be
extracted from the Database. Bills of materials can be put on the
drawing under the form of a table or sent to the monitor or system
printer or exported as an ASCII, XLS; Access file. Let’s look in detail
into the generation procedure.

The “Create material list” command launched from the “P&ID” Menu
requires the choice of a BOM model and displays a tab on the drawing.
Theese tabs are automatically added during the “Data Exctraction “
procedure, described further
on. Then it generates a table
on the drawing. In order to
make the choice of models
easier they have been divided
in homogeneous groups.
Therefore you have to choose

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a group first. In this case the list is limited to the current drawing. The
tab is then generated and remains hooked to the cursor to be definetly
positioned.

The graphic entities constituting the

table are put on layers with the prefix
“tab_”. In such a way different colours
can be assigned to frames, titles,
descriptions, symbols in order to adhere
to their own printing standards.

If provided by the BOM model a legend

will be generated containing all and only
the symbols existing on the current
drawing. In the example at the side the
contemporaneous use of two languages can be also seen.

In order to direct the BOM to other destinations it is required to

generate them with the P&ID Menu procedure activated by the “P&ID
“Specific Management” pull down or the shortcut “SP” or the provided
toolbar button. Then press the “BOM” button. The dialogue window is
shown in figure with the Project list on the left and the related drawings
on the right. It is now possible to choose both the project and the group
of drawings which the bills of materials have to be extracted from. In
the upper part, once selected a group, a pull down list shows the same
models previously
used when
generating the table
on the drawing. The
model fully defines
the content and the
appearance of the
Bill of Materials. In
the lower part of the
mask the output for
the Bill of Materials
can be selected
choosing on the
screen display or
ASCII file or EXCEL
worksheet or
printer.

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4.5 MANAGEMENT OF BILL OF MATERIALS MODELS

The Bill of Materials Models are user-defined collection of information

that specify the appearance and the content of the Bills of Materials.
Once created they are stored into the database and remain available
for future use in any P&ID Project.

Select “List Models” in the “Projects” pull down menu and the
environment for managing these structures will be available.

In the upper part of the mask a pull down list shows the BOM types
organized in homogeneous groups of components. Down below there
is the list of the models in yellow and in the lower part the detail of the
selected model in
blue. On the left there
are buttons for the
management of the
two environments.
Press “Insert” and a
mask appears in the
upper part of the
window where
necessary data for a
new model creation
can be entered. The
same mask appears
when modifications to
a model are required.
The “Description” value recognizes the Model within the list while
“Title” is the heading of the out and out table. In the pull down list
“Language” one or two of the five languages provided on the table for
the components description can be chosen.
If the “Legend” box is checked a column with the symbols graphic
representation will
appear in the left part
of the list. This option
is working only when
the list is made within
an AutoCAD drawing.
At last by pressing the
question mark beside
the “Groups” box a list appears which contains all the groups of
suitable components for the selected model type. The user can select
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one or more of said groups in order to

filter the bill of materials. On the example
at the side only the Pumps/Ejectors group
has been enclosed in an equipment list.

Modifications to an existing model can

also be directly carried out in the yellow
list using the same rules previously
described for the symbol table. The
“Delete” button removes the selected
model. “Copy” creates a new model equal
to the selected one which will
subsequently be possible to adjust for the
new requirements.

In the lower part of the mask the model

detail is defined. The aim is to specify which data has to appear on the
BOM and their order. “Insert” offers a mask for adding a new column to
the model. In the “Field” pull down list the required field is selected. In
the “Heading” box the column title is entered. In the filter box one or
more values can be entered, delimited by commas, in order to restrict
the BOM to the components with one of those values in the selected
field. For example for the field “line number” all the components
belonging to line “0132” could be filtered. In the field “Exclude” a filter
working in the opposite
way can be set, so that
the BOM would be
restricted to all
components which have
in the field a value
different from those
specified.

The two arrows at the side of the field list are used for setting up the
order of appearance of columns on the BOM. Once selected a row can
slip up or down until it reaches for the desired position.

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We point out that the BOM sorting-out starts from the first column
onwards. Therefore if ND column is in first position the BOM will be
sorted out by increasing ND and, if Class column is in second position,
at equal ND, the BOM will be sorted out by class and so on. Sometimes
it can be useful to set a data field in the BOM sorting out or in a filter
but without displaying it. To this purpose uncheck the “Visualization”
box.

An interesting example is represented by the “Component Code” field.

Once selected the question mark at the side of Filter, the list of the
components existing inside the table is shown in order to make the
choice easier. The Component Code can be useful either for building a
filter or for sorting-out the BOM by homogeneous groups as well.
However it will not be displayed as not useful for the documents of the
project

If the “Quantity” field appears on a list keep in mind the concept used
for calculations making. Two objects are considered equal when all
data fields requested in the list have the same value. In this case the
quantities’ numeric field is increased. Therefore the quantity depends
on the columns existing on the list. For example valves will be
summarized but shared line by line. On the contrary if the line list field
is removed from the model all the equal valves will be grouped even if
laying on different lines.

In case of modification a mask is offered similar to that for the insertion.

Otherwise the user can directly work on the list with the already
described conventions. “Delete” removes the line relevant to the
selected field.

The Nozzle List is shown in the figure. It is not customizable and can be
exported in ASCII, EXCEL file format.

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4.6 FIND DUPLICATE TAGS

The “Find Duplicate Tags” command of the P&ID Menu, pulls down
“Projects” to check that no duplicated tags exist on all the Project
drawings.

Once selected a project a list of the duplicated tags and of the drawings
related will appear on the mask as shown below. Said list can be
displayed or redirected to an Excel file or to an Access table.

The program does not consider duplicated blank tags or those

containing the standard Class or Table prefix still missing of the
progressive number.

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4.7 NOMINAL DIAMETER TABLE

New values can be added to the nominal

diameter table through the procedure
“Files/Diameters”. “Insert” and “Modify” offer the
same mask where it is possible to add or modify
a diameter in the double representation of meters
or inches. The denomination in inches is optional.
If needed a ND can be removed with the “Delete”
button.

4.8 INSTRUMENT TYPE LIBRARY

Instruments are generically described in the symbol library. For

instance a pressure gauge is described as “Instrument
connected to the line” . But only after the user has inserted it
and characterized it with the instrument type “PI” the pressure
gauge will be acknowledge by the program. Therefore the
generical description cannot be used in an instrument list. At its
place will be found instead the description entered in
“Instrument Types” library corresponding to the selected code.

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4.9 CUSTOM LIBRARIES

In order to define unexpected feature all components which can be

inserted in a P&ID diagram have 8 data fields, generically defined as
Custom 1-8. In this library it is possible to customize the Custom 1-8
prompts, so that they fully acknowledge the significance the user want
them to have. The customization can be applied to each category of
predefined objects in EASpro P&ID. Moreover in Equipment, where
are represented the generic those which cannot be inserted in pumps,
exchangers, compressors, etc. It is possible to customize the
available fields of each equipment. Insert the equipment in the lower
part of the mask and proceed to fill in the descriptions.

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4.10 INSULATING CLASS LIBRARY

It is a library where the user can define for each Insulating Class its
code, material, a mnemonic description, and, according to their
diameters, the related thicknesses as well. Such data are used during
the creation of a line. Once selected an Insulating Class, the materials,
and the previously defined thicknesses can be downloaded into the
line’s mask.

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4.11 OTHER TABLES

In the pull down menu “File” other items appear: “Materials”,

“Standards”, “Ratings”, “End Types”. They are additional tables where
a set of pre-defined values can be stored. Said predefined values are
used in the pull down menus when required. Vantages are the
following:

o No manual input is required thus improving efficiency and

minimizing possible typing errors.

o When entered a set of characters the first datum beginning with that
set is selected. For example if the digit “3” is typed in the “Rating”
field, the system immediately offers “300 LB”.

o Entered data are standardized. It will prevent from meeting the

same rating once written “300 LB”, or “300#” and so on. This makes
the operation of inquiring or filtering into the database all inclusive
and reliable.

The maintenance and feeding operations of these tables are very easy:
Insertion of new data or deletion are provided. Records in the tables
appear in alphabetical order.

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4.12 UTILITIES

In the “Utilities” pull down Menu some procedures for aiding the P&ID
environment setting are available.

Database Management, allows the maintenance of the ESApro P&ID

working Databases

ESApro P&ID can handle more databases. Each one of those , once
created can contain Materials, Classes and Projects independently
from those of another Project Database. The main purpose for that is to
isolate each Project into one Database, even if more Projects can be
contained in one database. This is how the materials and the classes of
the project are modifiable without affecting other projects.

From the 2009 edition of ESApro onward the database is SQL Server.
Such choice been made in order to guarantee the compatibility with
the 64 bit platform and to increase the level of security in he net
environment.

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All existing Databases are listed on the mask. All the libraries, Classes
and Projects can be independently customized in each Database. Each
database can be assigned a different symbol library.

Once selected a Database, at first only “ESAin” exists, and pressing

“Open” it enables the setting up of the current database in the
“Specifics Management” environment. The name is shown on the
application tool bar up above. If other operators are connected they will
be able to keep working on their current database. Mind that the
Database set in a AutoCAD drawing through “Working Option” is
not affected by such a choice.

Select a Database and press “Copy” to create a new copy of the

Project Database. The program automatically checks out that no other
users are interfering with the project, but if so sends an error message.
Then a mask displays to name the project ( no empty spaces or special
digits are allowed) .

It is also visualized the name of the file containing the symbol library of
the original Database. Its name can be maintained or a new one can be
chosen. In the first
case the new
Database will share
the library with the
original one otherwise
the original library is
duplicated in a new
folder so that the
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modification will not affect the original one. In any case initially the
library is the same as the original, otherwise Classes might end up
beeing uncorrect. Beside it is possible to cancel all data of the original
Database in order to create an empty new one. This can be useful
when it does not exist a Database similar to those required by the new
Project. In this case it is possible to import the data from other
databases through the procedure “Import/Export data from-to
Databases“ which will be described further on. In any case the Classes
and the libraries imported from the original database, can all be
independently modified. Once ended the procedure the Database is set
as the current database.

The program will create two file for each new Database created by the
operator, which the SQL server relies on. By convention the name of
the file is the following one: NewProject.MDF, NewProject_LOG.LDF,
where NewProject is the name of the Database. Such files, when used
by the database, cannot be treated by the operating system and
therefore cannot be copied or loaded into another environment. All the
management procedures of the files must be carried on through the
commands provided by the application.

Press “Import” to insert a new Database. It is imported from the folder

the operator indicates. The name of the database is the same as the
MDF file’s name without the extension. The program checks there are
not other databases with the same name.

Press “Export” to create a new copy of the Database and move it in

other working environment. The choice of the folder where to process
the database is up to the user. It is also possible to rename the
database. The program checks no other operators are working at the
same time at the same database.

Press “Delete” to permanently remove a database either from the

procedure and the system disk. A window will display asking to confirm
the procedure. While proceeding the program verifies that no other
operators are working at the database. The “Delete” procedure is
necessary when the project is completed or just before importing a
Database with the same name in order to work on an updated version.

Press “Back-up” in order to export at the same time all Databases of

the procedure to create one copy for safety reasons. The operator will

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choose the export folder. At the same time the program denies the
access to any other operators at the moment of the back-up.

After many updating procedures it is advisable to use the “Compact“

command in order to reduce the size of the Database.

One Database is available at least, when autoCAD with ESApro P&ID

is open. When none open Database is required in order to perform the
procedures just described, ESApro P&ID must be disabled. To this
purpose the “Database Managment” program icon is on the desktop of
of Windows(ESApro GDB V7) so to be enabled outside ESApro P&ID.
Its working procedure is exactly the same as that used in “Utility” ,
except for the “Update” command. This last option can update obsolete
imported databases without affecting the data contained in the Datbase
libraries.

Password Change, enters or replaces the password for accessing to

functions of modification and deletion on the Database and Class
management. If the password frame remains blank no restriction to the
procedure use will be effective.

Class acquisition from the Piping Environment, allows to import a

Class already defined in ESApro 3D Piping environment. On the mask
the user can choose one of the Project Databases. In the lower part
Classes belonging to the selected Database will appear. Once selected
a Class by pressing “Import” it will be imported into the current
Database of the P&ID. The
correspondence between
Piping and P&ID objects is
set in the Piping 3D
component table. In case of
modification the Piping Class
will need to be re-imported
into the P&ID environment in
order to use the updated
version in this environment
as well. Any modification
made to the imported Class
within the P&ID environment
does not update the Piping
3D Class.

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Import / Export data between databases, allows the exchange of

data between one database and an other. It is required the name of the
secondary database, that’s to say the library from or to the data are
exported or imported.

Once defined the secondary library, its data display on the lower part of
the mask ( pale blue background), while the components of the
secondary library at the moment used by ESApro, display above.

The components types which can be handled in the up-dating process

are:

o Tabs ( only ESApro 3D Piping, ISO )

o Classes

o Supports ( only ESApro 3D Piping )

o Equipment ( only ESApro 3D Piping , ISO )

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o BOM templates

o Insulation Classes

o Symbols

o Typologies ( only ESApro 3D Piping , ISO )

Use the related buttons on the upper part of the mask to enable the
required data.

Export, in order to export data they must be first selected in the primary
Database (upper part of the window) then press the low “Export”
button.

Import, in order to import data they must be first selected in the

secondary Database (lower part of the window) then press the low
“Import” button.

In case data existing in the primary or secondary database need to be

overwritten check the “Overwrite Existing Data” box; otherwise the
already existing components (with the same identifier) will not be
imported or exported.

In order to perform the import/export of whole data simply use the red
arrow button in the upper part of the toolbar.

Also in this case the overwriting checkbox controls whether the already
existing components has to be imported or not.

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A. CUSTOMIZATION PROCEDURES

In the following paragraphs we will describe the procedures for adding,

modifying or deleting the symbology used by the P&ID program.

We will also explain how to customize the title block so to enable the
automatic loading of the anagraphic data of the drawing.

A.1 SYMBOL ARRANGEMENT

In order to insert a new object into the P&ID environment a code needs
to be assigned to it. before describing the customization procedures the
Symbol Table arrangement will be then explained. The library elements
have been divided into groups. Each element is identified by a four digit
code, the first two standing for the group and the last two being a
progressive number from 0 to 99. With few exceptions, each element
type has two group codes. In such way for every group up to two
hundreds components can be defined. The following table states the
component group identifier.

Description Group
Actuators 0A
Valves 00 o 01
Pipes 03
Line’s components 04 o 05
Motors 06 o 07
Generators 08 o 09
Pumps/ejectors 10 o 11
Compressors 12 o 13
Exchangers 14 o 15
Vessels 16 o 17
Instruments 18 o 19
Component’s symbols 20 o 21
Intrument’s symbols 22 o 23
Equipment’s symbols 24 o 25
Equipments 26 o 27

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The combined code Group + Progressive is the element name and is

shown on the Symbol Table. Therefore 0032 identifies a valve as its
group is 00 or 01 and progressive number from 00 to 99. One only
explicit description on the table corresponds to this criteria (example:
Gate).

Actuators are different; their group code is 0A. They are never inserted
alone but always combined with a valve. In this case the name of the
combined object that is created is the sum of valve and actuator
names. For example 00020A01 represents valve 0002 (ex. Sphere)
driven by actuator 0A01 (ex. Mechanical Release).

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A.2 GRAPHIC SYMBOL DRAWING

In order to generate a
component symbol, the
graphic part must be
drawn as normally in
AutoCAD. At this point
launch the procedure of
customization in the
Instrument section, or in
Ribbon or in the Toolbar.
A mask displays with all
the various customize,
add, modify, and delete
options.

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The “Create new P&ID symbol” option displays the window where the
following fields are listed

• Select a component type: and on the left

are displayed the first two ciphres of the
code assigned to each group.

• New code: displays the first available code

of the component required. The “Symbol
library” button enables the list of the existing components as a
reference thus allowing the user to choose a free number code.

• Component type: the user has to indicate the number of.ways.

of the component, when suitable, which can be 2,3,4 or angled
Aside , for the 2 ways only, when it is required to invert the
direction at the insertion The choice applied to the instruments
is between connected, non connected or in line. The equipment
will require the positioning of the tag

• Description: describes in five different languages the new

object and the note will be visualized in the material lists. The
first two languages are respectively Italian and English.

• Prefix Suffix: represent two alphanumeric codes which,

togheter with the progressive number inserted on the drawng,
will create the component tag. Another very useful.possibility
for the creation of the tag is available in Pipe Class. Compose
in this library a static tag attached to the component, in
Classes a tag that can be different for each Class and also for
a different ND.

Digit OK to visualize a mask where the user is required to:

• Select the graphic entities corresponding to the required

component.

• Point at its insertion.

• Indicate the two ends left and right allowing the line cutting for
linear components.

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• indicate the possibility to represent the entities of the valves as

“Usually closed” and also the related insertion points. Of course
the location of the other cutting points must correspond to
those represented as “Usually open”.

The new symbol is created and memorized in the folder of the library of
the current database “...\ESApro V7\Pid\Lib\<Library name>” and its
definition is inserted in the Symbol library.

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The “Help” button displays a window clarifying which are the points
required in order to match the types of objects to customize.

The customization mask allows to add a new representation style to an

existing component, for valves and line components. A new style
satisfies the two most common requirements. To have , in the first
case , a different look , for different diameters, of threaded objects,
socket welds, flanged, or butt weld. Second case to obtain a different
look when it is required by the Project. At the moment of
the selection of the pipe Classes it is possible to select the
component style between the available ones. Once
selected the component the procedure is the same as for
creation, that is to say style with index zero.

The same procedure is applied to the modification of an existing style,

once chosen of course the component code and the style.

“Delete component Style” erases an unwanted style.

A symbol in the library can be updated through the related AutoCAD

file. Geometrical solutions can be applied unless they interfere with the
references points.

The Instrument type , ND and Tag can be repositioned.

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A.3 TITLE BLOCK CUSTOMIZATION

In general any user title block can be used. The customization purpose
is just to synchronize the data “Project”, “Drawing Number”, "Sheet
Number" and “Revision” entered in the “Working Options” window with
those existing in the user title block.

Actually the title block is a simple AutoCAD block with a number of text
attributes such as Title, Scale, Company, Draftsman etc. Usually there
are also the basic identifying data, Project, Drawing Number, Sheet
Number and Revision that ESApro P&ID uses for filing the drawings
and that are filled in through the “Working Options” window. If these
data exist as title block attributes also, the program automatically
updates them so saving a double data entering. To this purpose
attributes tags must have specific tags as described below:

Attribute Tag Description

COMM Project Code
NDIS Drawing Number
REVISIONE Revision Number
NFOG Sheet Number

Therefore the steps for the customization are the following:

- Draw the title block and attach your own text attributes.

- Attach also Project Code, Drawing Number, Sheet Number and

Revision Number attributes according to the above table.

- Save the new title block

The title block is ready. Project Code, Drawing Number and Revision
Number entered in the “Working Options” will automatically be
transferred into the title block.

ESApro - P&ID 97