UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENTS

ANNA UNIVERSITY CHENNAI : : CHENNAI 600 025

REGULATIONS - 2009
CURRICULUM I TO VI SEMESTERS (PART TIME)
M.E. EMBEDDED SYSTEM TECHNOLOGIES

SEMESTER I
SL. COURSE COURSE TITLE L T P C
No CODE
THEORY
1 MA9122 Applied Mathematics for Electrical Engineering 3 1 0 4
2 ET9111 Advanced Digital System Design 3 0 0 3
3 ET9112 Micro Controller Based System Design 3 0 0 3
TOTAL 9 1 0 10

SEMESTER II
SL. COURSE COURSE TITLE L T P C
NO CODE
THEORY
1 ET9121 VLSI Architecture and Design Methodologies 3 1 0 4
2 ET9122 Real Time Operating System 3 0 0 3
3 ET9123 Embedded Networking 3 1 0 4
TOTAL 9 2 0 11

SEMESTER III

SL. COURSE COURSE TITLE L T P C

No CODE
THEORY
1 ET9113 Design of Embedded Systems 3 0 0 3
2 ET9114 Real Time Systems 3 0 0 3
3 E1 Elective I 3 0 0 3
TOTAL 9 0 0 9

SEMESTER IV

SL. COURSE COURSE TITLE L T P C

NO CODE
THEORY
1 ET9124 Wireless & Mobile Communication 3 0 0 3
2 E2 Elective II 3 0 0 3
3 E3 Elective III 3 0 0 3

1
PRACTICAL
4 ET9125 Embedded System Lab 0 0 3 2
TOTAL 9 0 3 11

SEMESTER V

SL. COURSE COURSE TITLE L T P C

NO CODE
THEORY
1 E4 Elective IV 3 0 0 3
2 E5 Elective V 3 0 0 3
3 E6 Elective VI 3 0 0 3
PRACTICAL
4 ET9131 Project Work (Phase I) 0 0 12 6
TOTAL 9 0 12 15

SEMESTER VI

SL. COURSE COURSE TITLE L T P C

NO CODE
PRACTICAL
1 ET9141 Project Work (Phase II) 0 0 24 12
TOTAL 0 0 24 12

TOTAL CREDITS TO BE EARNED FOR THE AWARD THE DEGREE = 68

2
 ELECTIVES FOR M.E EMBEDDED SYSTEM TECHNOLOGIES

SEMESTER III

SL. COURSE COURSE TITLE L T P C

NO CODE
1 ET9151 Software Technology for Embedded Systems 3 0 0 3
2 CO9151 Soft Computing Techniques 3 0 0 3
3 ET9152 Computer Architecture and parallel processing 3 0 0 3

SEMESTER IV

4 ET9153 Design of Embedded Control Systems 3 0 0 3

5 ET9154 Embedded Communication and Software Design 3 0 0 3
6 ET9155 Ad-Hoc Networks 3 0 0 3
7 ET9156 Embedded Linux 3 1 0 4
8 CO9122 Digital Instrumentation 3 0 0 3
9 ET9157 RISC Processor Architecture and Programming 3 0 0 3

SEMESTER V

10 ET9158 Advanced Embedded Systems 3 0 0 3

11 ET9159 Advanced Digital Signal Processing 3 0 0 3
12 ET9160 Cryptography and Network Security 3 0 0 3
13 ET9161 Programming with VHDL 3 0 0 3
14 ET9162 Computer in Networking and Digital control 3 0 0 3
15 ET9163 Distributed Embedded Computing 3 0 0 3
16 CO9154 Principle of Robotics 3 0 0 3
17 EB9152 Application of MEMS 3 0 0 3
18 CO9158 Digital Image Processing 3 0 0 3

3
MA 9122 APPLIED MATHEMATICS FOR ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS LTPC
3104
1. ADVANCED MATRIX THEORY: 9
Eigen-values using QR transformations – Generalized eigen vectors – Canonical
forms – Singular value decomposition and applications – Pseudo inverse – Least
square approximations.

2. LINEAR PROGRAMMING 9
Formulation – Graphical Solution – Simplex Method – Two Phase Method –
Transportation and Assignment Problems.

3 .ONE DIMENSIONAL RANDOM VARIABLES 9

Random variables - Probability function – moments – moment generating
functions and their properties – Binomial, Poisson, Geometric, Uniform,
Exponential, Gamma and Normal distributions – Function of a Random Variable.
4. QUEUEING MODELS 9
Poisson Process – Markovian queues – Single and Multi Serve r Models –
Little’s formula – Machine Interference Model – Steady State analysis – Self
Service queue.

5. COMPUTATIONAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING 9

Boundary value problems for ODE – Finite difference methods – Numerical solution
of PDE – Solution of Laplace and Poisson equations – Liebmann's iteration process
– Solution of heat conduction equation by Schmidt explicit formula and Crank-
Nicolson implicit scheme – Solution of wave equation.

L +T: 45+15 = 60

BOOKS FOR REFERENCE:

1. Bronson, R., Matrix Operation, Schaum’s outline series, McGraw Hill, New York,
(1989).
2. Taha, H. A., Operations Research: An Introduction, Seventh Edition, Pearson
Education Edition, Asia, New Delhi (2002).
3. R. E. Walpole, R. H. Myers, S. L. Myers, and K. Ye, Probability and Statistics for
Engineers & Scientists, Asia, 8th Edition, (2007).
4. Donald Gross and Carl M. Harris, Fundamentals of Queueing theory, 2 nd edition,
John Wiley and Sons, New York (1985).
5. Grewal, B.S., Numerical methods in Engineering and Science, 7th edition,
Khanna Publishers, 200

4
ET 9111 ADVANCED DIGITAL SYSTEM DESIGN LTPC
3003
AIM
To expose the students to the fundamentals of digital logic based system design.

OBJECTIVES
To impart knowledge on
i. Basics on Synchronous & Async digital switching design.
ii. Design & realisation of error free functional blocks for digital systems

1. SEQUENTIAL CIRCUIT DESIGN 9

Analysis of Clocked Synchronous Sequential Networks (CSSN) Modelling of CSSN –
State Stable Assignment and Reduction – Design of CSSN – Design of Iterative Circuits
– ASM Chart – ASM Realization, Design of Arithmetic circuits for Fast adder- Array
Multiplier.
2. ASYNCHRONOUS SEQUENTIAL CIRCUIT DESIGN 9
Analysis of Asynchronous Sequential Circuit (ASC) – Flow Table Reduction – Races in
ASC – State Assignment Problem and the Transition Table – Design of ASC – Static
and Dynamic Hazards – Essential Hazards – Data Synchronizers – Designing Vending
Machine Controller – Mixed Operating Mode Asynchronous Circuits.

3. FAULT DIAGNOSIS AND TESTABILITY ALGORITHMS 9

Fault Table Method – Path Sensitization Method – Boolean Difference Method – Kohavi
Algorithm – Tolerance Techniques – The Compact Algorithm – Practical PLA’s – Fault in
PLA – Test Generation – Masking Cycle – DFT Schemes – Built-in Self Test.

4. SYNCHRONOUS DESIGN USING PROGRAMMABLE DEVICES 9

Programming Techniques -Re-Programmable Devices Architecture- Function blocks, I/O
blocks, Interconnects, Realize combinational, Arithmetic, Sequential Circuit with
Programmable Array Logic; Architecture and application of Field Programmable Logic
Sequence.

5. NEW GENERATION PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC DEVICES 9

Foldback Architecture with GAL, EPLD, EPLA , PEEL, PML; PROM – Realization State
machine using PLD – FPGA – Xilinx FPGA – Xilinx 2000 - Xilinx 3000

TOTAL : 45 PERIODS

REFERENCES:
1. Donald G. Givone, “Digital principles and Design”, Tata McGraw Hill 2002.
2. Stephen Brown and Zvonk Vranesic, “Fundamentals of Digital Logic with VHDL
Deisgn”, Tata McGraw Hill, 2002
3. Mark Zwolinski, “Digital System Design with VHDL”, Pearson Education, 2004
4. Parag K Lala, “Digital System design using PLD”, BS Publications, 2003
5. John M Yarbrough, “Digital Logic applications and Design”, Thomson Learning,
2001
6. Nripendra N Biswas, “Logic Design Theory”, Prentice Hall of India, 2001

5
 7. Charles H. Roth Jr., “Fundamentals of Logic design”, Thomson Learning, 2004.
ET 9112 MICROCONTROLLER BASED SYSTEM DESIGN LTPC
3003

AIM
To expose the students to the fundamentals of microcontroller based system
design.

OBJECTIVES

To impart knowledge on
i. 8051 Microcontroller based system design.
ii. Microchip PIC 8 bit microcontroller based system Design

1. 8051 ARCHITECTURE 9
Architecture – memory organization – addressing modes – instruction set –
Timers - Interrupts - I/O ports, Interfacing I/O Devices – Serial Communication.

2. 8051 PROGRAMMING 9
Assembly language programming – Arithmetic Instructions – Logical Instructions
–Single bit Instructions – Timer Counter Programming – Serial Communication
Programming Interrupt Programming – RTOS for 8051 – RTOSLite – FullRTOS –
Task creation and run – LCD digital clock/thermometer using FullRTOS

3. PIC MICROCONTROLLER 9
Architecture – memory organization – addressing modes – instruction set – PIC
progrmming in Assembly & C –I/O port, Data Conversion, RAM & ROM
Allocation, Timer programming, MP-LAB.

4. PERIPHERAL OF PIC MICROCONTROLLER 9

Timers – Interrupts, I/O ports- I2C bus-A/D converter-UART- CCP modules -ADC,
DAC and Sensor Interfacing –Flash and EEPROM memories.

5. SYSTEM DESIGN – CASE STUDY 9

Interfacing LCD Display – Keypad Interfacing - Generation of Gate signals for
converters and Inverters - Motor Control – Controlling AC appliances –
Measurement of frequency - Stand alone Data Acquisition System.

TOTAL : 45 PERIODS
REFERENCES:
1. Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Rolin D. Mckinlay, Danny Causey ‘ PIC Microcontroller
and Embedded Systems using Assembly and C for PIC18’, Pearson Education
2008
2. John Iovine, ‘PIC Microcontroller Project Book ’, McGraw Hill 2000

6
 3. Myke Predko, “Programming and customizing the 8051 microcontroller”, Tata
McGraw Hill 2001.

ET 9113 DESIGN OF EMBEDDED SYSTEMS LTPC

300 3
1. EMBEDDED DESIGN LIFE CYCLE 9
Product specification – Hardware / Software partitioning – Detailed hardware and
software design – Integration – Product testing – Selection Processes – Microprocessor
Vs Micro Controller – Performance tools – Bench marking – RTOS Micro Controller –
Performance tools – Bench marking – RTOS availability – Tool chain availability – Other
issues in selection processes.

2. PARTITIONING DECISION 9
Hardware / Software duality – coding Hardware – ASIC revolution – Managing the Risk –
Co-verification – execution environment – memory organization – System startup –
Hardware manipulation – memory mapped access – speed and code density.

3. INTERRUPT SERVICE ROUTINES 9

Watch dog timers – Flash Memory basic toolset – Host based debugging – Remote
debugging – ROM emulators – Logic analyser – Caches – Computer optimisation –
Statistical profiling

4. IN CIRCUIT EMULATORS 9
Buller proof run control – Real time trace – Hardware break points – Overlay memory –
Timing constraints – Usage issues – Triggers.

5. TESTING 9
Bug tracking – reduction of risks & costs – Performance – Unit testing – Regression
testing – Choosing test cases – Functional tests – Coverage tests – Testing embedded
software – Performance testing – Maintenance.
TOTAL : 45 PERIODS
REFERENCE
1. Arnold S. Berger – “Embedded System Design”, CMP books, USA 2002.
2. Sriram Iyer, “Embedded Real time System Programming”
3. ARKIN, R.C., Behaviour-based Robotics, The MIT Press, 1998.

7
ET 9114 REAL TIME SYSTEMS LTPC
3003

1. INTRODUCTION 9
Introduction – Issues in Real Time Computing – Structure of a Real Time System –
Task classes – Performance Measures for Real Time Systems – Estimating Program
Run Times – Task Assignment and Scheduling – Classical uniprocessor scheduling
algorithms – Uniprocessor scheduling of IRIS tasks – Task assignment – Mode
changes and Fault Tolerant Scheduling.
2. PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES AND TOOLS 9
Programming Languages and Tools – Desired language characteristics – Data typing –
Control structures – Facilitating Hierarchical Decomposition, Packages, Run time
(Exception) Error handling – Overloading and Generics – Multitasking – Low level
programming – Task Scheduling – Timing Specifications – Programming
Environments – Run – time support.
3. REAL TIME DATABASES 9
Real time Databases – Basic Definition, Real time Vs General Purpose Databases, Main
Memory Databases, Transaction priorities, Transaction Aborts, Concurrency control
issues, Disk Scheduling Algorithms, Two – phase Approach to improve Predictability –
Maintaining Serialization Consistency – Databases for Hard Real Time Systems.
4. COMMUNICATION 9
Real – Time Communication – Communications media, Network Topologies Protocols,
Fault Tolerant Routing. Fault Tolerance Techniques – Fault Types – Fault Detection.
Fault Error containment Redundancy – Data Diversity – Reversal Checks – Integrated
Failure handling.
5. EVALUATION TECHNIQUES 9
Reliability Evaluation Techniques – Obtaining parameter values, Reliability models for
Hardware Redundancy – Software error models. Clock Synchronization – Clock, A
Nonfault – Tolerant Synchronization Algorithm – Impact of faults – Fault Tolerant
Synchronization in Hardware – Fault Tolerant Synchronization in software.

TOTAL : 45 PERIODS
TEXT BOOKS
1. C.M. Krishna, Kang G. Shin, “Real – Time Systems”, McGraw – Hill International
Editions, 1997.
2. Rajib Mall, ”Real-time systems: theory and practice”, Pearson Education, 2007
3. Peter D.Lawrence, “Real Time Micro Computer System Design – An Introduction”,
McGraw Hill, 1988.
4. Stuart Bennett, “Real Time Computer Control – An Introduction”, Prentice Hall of
India, 1998.
5. S.T. Allworth and R.N.Zobel, “Introduction to real time software design”, Macmillan,
2nd Edition, 1987.
6. R.J.A Buhur, D.L Bailey, “An Introduction to Real – Time Systems”, Prentice – Hall
International, 1999.
7. Philip.A.Laplante, “Real Time System Design and Analysis”, Prentice Hall of India, 3rd

8
 Edition, April 2004.

ET 9121 VLSI ARCHITECTURE AND DESIGN METHODOLOGIES LTPC

3104

1.CMOS DESIGN 9
Overview of digital VLSI design Methodologies- Logic design with CMOS-transmission
gate circuits-Clocked CMOS-dynamic CMOS circuits, Bi-CMOS circuits- Layout diagram,
Stick diagram-IC fabrications – Trends in IC technology.

2.PROGRAMABLE LOGIC DEVICES 12

Programming Techniques-Anti fuse-SRAM-EPROM and EEPROM technology –
Re-Programmable Devices Architecture- Function blocks, I/O blocks,Interconnects,
Xilinx- XC9500,Cool Runner - XC-4000,XC5200, SPARTAN, Virtex - Altera MAX 7000-
Flex 10K-Stratix.

3.ASIC CONSTRUCTION, FLOOR PLANNING, PLACEMENT AND ROUTING 6

System partition – FPGA partitioning – Partitioning methods- floor planning – placement-
physical design flow – global routing – detailed routing – special routing- circuit
extraction – DRC.

4.ANALOG VLSI DESIGN 6

Introduction to analog VLSI- Design of CMOS 2stage-3 stage Op-Amp –High Speed
and High frequency op-amps-Super MOS-Analog primitive cells-realization of neural
networks.

5. LOGIC SYNTHESIS AND SIMULATION 12

Overview of digital design with Verilog HDL, hierarchical modelling concepts, modules
and port definitions, gate level modelling, data flow modelling, behavioural modelling,
task & functions, Verilog and logic synthesis-simulation-Design examples,Ripple carry
Adders, Carry Look ahead adders, Multiplier, ALU, Shift Registers, Multiplexer,
Comparator, Test Bench.

L: 45+T:15=60
References:

1.M.J.S Smith, “Application Specific integrated circuits”,Addition Wesley Longman

Inc.1997.
2.Kamran Eshraghian,Douglas A.pucknell and Sholeh Eshraghian,”Essentials of VLSI
circuits and system”, Prentice Hall India,2005.
3. Wayne Wolf, “ Modern VLSI design “ Prentice Hall India,2006.
4. Mohamed Ismail ,Terri Fiez, “Analog VLSI Signal and information Processing”,
McGraw Hill International Editions,1994.
5.Samir Palnitkar, “Veri Log HDL, A Design guide to Digital and Synthesis” 2nd
Ed,Pearson,2005.

9
ET 9122 REAL TIME OPERATING SYSTEMS LTPC
3003

1. REVIEW OF OPERATING SYSTEMS 9

Basic Principles - Operating System structures – System Calls – Files – Processes –
Design and Implementation of processes – Communication between processes –
Introduction to Distributed operating system – Distributed scheduling.
2. OVERVIEW OF RTOS 9
RTOS Task and Task state - Process Synchronisation- Message queues – Mail boxes -
pipes – Critical section – Semaphores – Classical synchronisation problem – Deadlocks
-
3. REAL TIME MODELS AND LANGUAGES 9
Event Based – Process Based and Graph based Models – Real Time Languages –
RTOS Tasks – RT scheduling - Interrupt processing – Synchronization – Control Blocks
– Memory Requirements.
4. REAL TIME KERNEL 9
Principles – Design issues – Polled Loop Systems – RTOS Porting to a Target –
Comparison and study of various RTOS like QNX – VX works – PSOS – C Executive –
Case studies.
5. RTOS APPLICATION DOMAINS 9
RTOS for Image Processing – Embedded RTOS for voice over IP – RTOS for fault
Tolerant Applications – RTOS for Control Systems.
TOTAL : 45 PERIODS
REFERENCES:
1. Raj Kamal, “Embedded Systems- Architecture, Programming and Design” Tata
McGraw Hill, 2006.

2. Herma K., “Real Time Systems – Design for distributed Embedded Applications”,
Kluwer Academic, 1997.
3 Charles Crowley, “Operating Systems-A Design Oriented approach” McGraw Hill
1997.
4 C.M. Krishna, Kang, G.Shin, “Real Time Systems”, McGraw Hill, 1997.
5. Raymond J.A.Bhur, Donald L.Bailey, “An Introduction to Real Time Systems”, PHI
1999.
6. Mukesh Sighal and N G Shi “Advanced Concepts in Operating System”, McGraw Hill
2000.

10
ET 9123 EMBEDDED NETWORKING LTPC
3104
AIM
To expose the students to the fundamentals of embedded networking.

OBJECTIVES
To impart knowledge on
iii. Serial and parallel communication protocols
iv. Application Development using USB and CAN bus for PIC
microcontrollers
ii. Application development using Embedded Ethernet for Rabbit processors.
iii. Wireless sensor network communication protocols.

1. EMBEDDED COMMUNICATION PROTOCOLS 8

Embedded Networking: Introduction – Serial/Parallel Communication – Serial
communication protocols -RS232 standard – RS485 – Synchronous Serial
Protocols -Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) – Inter Integrated Circuits (I 2C) – PC
Parallel port programming -ISA/PCI Bus protocols - Firewire
2. USB AND CAN BUS 10
USB bus – Introduction – Speed Identification on the bus – USB States – USB
bus communication: Packets –Data flow types –Enumeration –Descriptors –PIC
18 Microcontroller USB Interface – C Programs –CAN Bus – Introduction -
Frames –Bit stuffing –Types of errors –Nominal Bit Timing – PIC microcontroller
CAN Interface –A simple application with CAN

3. ETHERNET BASICS 9
Elements of a network – Inside Ethernet – Building a Network: Hardware options
– Cables, Connections and network speed – Design choices: Selecting
components –Ethernet Controllers – Using the internet in local and internet
communications – Inside the Internet protocol

4. EMBEDDED ETHERNET 9
Exchanging messages using UDP and TCP – Serving web pages with Dynamic
Data – Serving web pages that respond to user Input – Email for Embedded
Systems – Using FTP – Keeping Devices and Network secure.

6. WIRELESS EMBEDDED NETWORKING 9

Wireless sensor networks – Introduction – Applications – Network Topology –
Localization –Time Synchronization - Energy efficient MAC protocols –SMAC –
Energy efficient and robust routing – Data Centric routing

L = 45 T = 15 TOTAL = 60

11
TEXT BOOKS

1. Frank Vahid, Givargis ‘Embedded Systems Design: A Unified Hardware/Software

Introduction’, Wiley Publications
2. Jan Axelson, ‘Parallel Port Complete’ , Penram publications
3. Dogan Ibrahim, ‘Advanced PIC microcontroller projects in C’, Elsevier 2008
4. Jan Axelson ‘Embedded Ethernet and Internet Complete’, Penram publications
5. Bhaskar Krishnamachari, ‘Networking wireless sensors’, Cambridge press 2005

12
ET 9124 WIRELESS AND MOBILE COMMUNICATION LTPC
3003

1. INTRODUCTION 9
Wireless Transmission – signal propagation – spread spectrum – Satellite Networks
– Capacity Allocation – FAMA – DAMA – MAC

2. MOBILE NETWORKS 9
Cellular Wireless Networks – GSM – Architecture – Protocols – Connection
Establishment – Frequency Allocation – Routing – Handover – Security – GPRA

3. WIRELESS NETWORKS 9
Wireless LAN – IEEE 802.11 Standard-Architecture – Services – AdHoc Network-
Hiper Lan – Blue Tooth.

4. ROUTING 9
Mobile IP – DHCP – AdHoc Networks – Proactive and Reactive Routing Protocols –
Multicast Routing

5. TRANSPORT AND APPLICATION LAYERS 9

TCP over Adhoc Networks – WAP – Architecture – WWW Programming Model –
WDP – WTLS – WTP – WSP – WAE – WTA Architecture – WML – WML scripts.

TOTAL : 45 PERIODS
REFERENCES

1. Kaveh Pahlavan, Prasanth Krishnamoorthy, “ Principles of Wireless Networks’

PHI/Pearson Education, 2003
2. Uwe Hansmann, Lothar Merk, Martin S. Nicklons and Thomas Stober, “
Principles of Mobile computing”, Springer, New york, 2003.
3. C.K.Toh, “ AdHoc mobile wireless networks”, Prentice Hall, Inc, 2002.
4. Charles E. Perkins, “ Adhoc Networking”, Addison-Wesley, 2001.
5. Jochen Schiller, “ Mobile communications”, PHI/Pearson Education, Second
Edition, 2003.
6. William Stallings, “ Wireless communications and Networks”, PHI/Pearson
Education, 2002.

13
 ET 9125 EMBEDDED SYSTEMS LABORATORY LTPC
00 32

1. Design with 8 bit Microcontrollers 8051/PIC Microcontrollers

i) I/O Programming, Timers, Interrupts, Serial port programming
ii) PWM Generation, Motor Control, ADC/DAC, LCD and RTC Interfacing,
Sensor Interfacing
iii) Both Assembly and C programming
2. Design with 16 bit processors
I/O programming, Timers, Interrupts, Serial Communication,
3. Design with ARM Processors.
I/O programming, ADC/DAC, Timers, Interrupts,
4. Study of one type of Real Time Operating Systems (RTOS)
5. Electronic Circuit Design of sequential, combinational digital circuits using CAD
Tools
6. Simulation of digital controllers using MATLAB/LabVIEW .
7. Programming with DSP processors for
Correlation, Convolution, Arithmetic adder, Multiplier, Design of Filters - FIR
based , IIR based
8. Design with Programmable Logic Devices using Xilinx/Altera FPGA and CPLD
Design and Implementation of simple Combinational/Sequential Circuits
9. Network Simulators
Simple wired/ wireless network simulation using NS2
10. Programming of TCP/IP protocol stack.

P = 45 Total= 45

REFERENCE:
1. Mohamammad Ali Mazidi & Mazidi ‘ 8051 Microcontroller and Embedded
Systems’, Pearson Education
2. Mohammad Ali Mazidi, Rolind Mckinley and Danny Causey, ‘PIC Microcontroller
and Embedded Systems’ Pearson Education
3. Jan Axelson ‘Embedded Ethernet and Internet Complete’, Penram publications
4. Kraig Mitzner, ‘Complete PCB Design using ORCAD Capture and Layout’,
Elsevier
5. Woon-Seng Gan, Sen M. Kuo, ‘Embedded Signal Processing with the Micro
Signal Architecture’, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey 2007
6. U. Meyer-Baese ‘Digital Signal Processing using Field Programmable Gate
Arrays’, Springer
7. Dogan Ibrahim, ‘Advanced PIC microcontroller projects in C’, Elsevier 2008

14
ET 9131 PROJECT WORK (PHASE I) 0 0 12 6

ET 9141 PROJECT WORK (PHASE – II) 0 0 24 12

ET 9151 SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGY FOR EMBEDDED SYSTEMS LTPC

3003

1. PROGRAMMING EMBEDDED SYSTEMS 9

Embedded Program – Role of Infinite loop – Compiling, Linking and locating –
downloading and debugging – Emulators and simulators processor – External
peripherals – Toper of memory – Memory testing – Flash Memory.

2. C AND ASSEMBLY 9
Overview of Embedded C - Compilers and Optimization - Programming and Assembly –
Register usage conventions – typical use of addressing options – instruction sequencing
– procedure call and return – parameter passing – retrieving parameters – everything in
pass by value – temporary variables
3.EMBEDDED PROGRAM AND SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT PROCESS 9
Program Elements – Queues – Stack- List and ordered lists-Embedded programming in
C++ - Inline Functions and Inline Assembly - Portability Issues - Embedded Java-
Software Development process: Analysis – Design- Implementation – Testing –
Validation- Debugging - Software maintenance

4. UNIFIED MODELLING LANGUAGE 9

Object State Behaviour – UML State charts – Role of Scenarios in the Definition of
Behaviour – Timing Diagrams – Sequence Diagrams – Event Hierarchies – Types and
Strategies of Operations – Architectural Design in UML Concurrency Design –
Representing Tasks – System Task Diagram – Concurrent State Diagrams – Threads.
Mechanistic Design – Simple Patterns
5. WEB ARCHITECTURAL FRAMEWORK FOR EMBEDDED SYSTEM 9

Basics – Client/sever model- Domain Names and IP address – Internet Infrastructure

and Routing – URL – TCP/IP protocols - Embedded as Web Client - Embedded Web
servers - HTML - Web security - Case study : Web-based Home Automation
system
TOTAL : 45 PERIODS

15
REFERENCES:

1. David E.Simon: “An Embedded Software Primer”, Pearson Education, 2003

2. Michael Barr, “Programming Embedded Systems in C and C++”, Oreilly, 2003
3. H.M. Deitel , P.J.Deitel, A.B. Golldberg “ Internet and World Wide Web – How to
Program” Third Edition , Pearson Education , 2001.

4. Bruce Powel Douglas, “Real-Time UML, Second Edition: Developing Efficient Object
for Embedded Systems, 2nd edition ,1999, Addison-Wesley
5. Daniel W.lewis “Fundamentals of Embedded Software where C and Assembly meet”
PHI 2002.
6. Raj Kamal, “Embedded Systems- Architecture, Programming and Design” Tata
McGraw Hill, 2006.

CO 9151 SOFT COMPUTING TECHNIQUES LTPC

300 3

1. INTRODUCTION 9

Approaches to intelligent control. Architecture for intelligent control. Symbolic reasoning

system, rule-based systems, the AI approach. Knowledge representation. Expert
systems.

2.ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS 9

Concept of Artificial Neural Networks and its basic mathematical model, McCulloch-Pitts
neuron model, simple perceptron, Adaline and Madaline, Feed-forward Multilayer
Perceptron. Learning and Training the neural network. Data Processing: Scaling, Fourier
transformation, principal-component analysis and wavelet transformations. Hopfield
network, Self-organizing network and Recurrent network. Neural Network based
controller

3. FUZZY LOGIC SYSTEM 9

Introduction to crisp sets and fuzzy sets, basic fuzzy set operation and approximate
reasoning. Introduction to fuzzy logic modeling and control. Fuzzification, inferencing
and defuzzification. Fuzzy knowledge and rule bases. Fuzzy modeling and control
schemes for nonlinear systems. Self-organizing fuzzy logic control. Fuzzy logic control
for nonlinear time-delay system.

16
4. GENETIC ALGORITHM 9
Basic concept of Genetic algorithm and detail algorithmic steps, adjustment of free
parameters. Solution of typical control problems using genetic algorithm. Concept on
some other search techniques like tabu search and anD-colony search techniques for
solving optimization problems.

5. APPLICATIONS 9
GA application to power system optimisation problem, Case studies: Identification and
control of linear and nonlinear dynamic systems using Matlab-Neural Network toolbox.
Stability analysis of Neural-Network interconnection systems. Implementation of fuzzy
logic controller using Matlab fuzzy-logic toolbox. Stability analysis of fuzzy control
systems.
TOTAL : 45 PERIODS

REFERENCES
1. Jacek.M.Zurada, "Introduction to Artificial Neural Systems", Jaico Publishing
House, 1999.
2. KOSKO,B. "Neural Networks And Fuzzy Systems", Prentice-Hall of India Pvt.
Ltd., 1994.
3. KLIR G.J. & FOLGER T.A. "Fuzzy sets, uncertainty and Information", Prentice-
Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., 1993.
4. Zimmerman H.J. "Fuzzy set theory-and its Applications"-Kluwer Academic
Publishers, 1994.
5. Driankov, Hellendroon, "Introduction to Fuzzy Control", Narosa Publishers.

ET 9152 COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE AND PARALLEL PROCESSING LTPC

30 03

1. THEORY OF PARALLELISM 9
Parallel Computer models – the state of computing, Multiprocessors and
Multicomputers and Multivectors and SIMD computers, PRAM and VLSI models,
Architectural development tracks, Program and network properties – Conditions
of parallelism.
2. PARTITIONING AND SCHEDULING 9
Program partitioning and scheduling, Program flow mechanisms, System
interconnect architectures, Principles of scalable performance – performance
matrices and measures, Parallel processing applications, speedup performance
laws, scalability analysis and approaches.
3. HARDWARE TECHNOLGIES 9

Processor and memory hierarchy advanced processor technology, superscalar

and vector processors, memory hierarchy technology, virtual memory
technology, bus cache and shared memory – backplane bus systems, cache
memory organizations, shared memory organizations, sequential and weak
consistency models.

17
 4. PIPELINING AND SUPERSCALAR TECHNOLOGIES 9
Parallel and scalable architectures, Multiprocessor and Multicomputers,
Multivector and SIMD computers, Scalable, Multithreaded and data flow
architectures.
5. SOFTWARE AND PARALLEL PROCESSING 9
Parallel models, Languages and compilers, Parallel program development and
environments, UNIX, MACH and OSF/1 for parallel computers.

TOTAL : 45 PERIODS
REFERENCES:
1. Kai Hwang “Advanced Computer Architecture”. McGraw Hill International
2001.
2. Dezso Sima, Terence Fountain, Peter Kacsuk, “Advanced computer
Architecture – A design Space Approach”. Pearson Education,2003.
3. Carl Homacher, Zvonko Vranesic, Sefwat Zaky, “Computer Organisation”, 5 th
Edition, TMH, 2002.
4. David E. Culler, Jaswinder Pal Singh with Anoop Gupta “Parallel Computer
Architecture” ,Elsevier, 2004.
5. John P. Shen. “Modern processor design Fundamentals of super scalar
processors”, Tata McGraw Hill 2003.
6. Sajjan G. Shiva “Advanced Computer Architecture”, Taylor & Francis, 2008.
7. V.Rajaraman, C.Siva Ram Murthy, “Parallel Computers- Architecture and
Programming”, Prentice Hall India, 2008.
8. John L. Hennessy, David A. Petterson, “Computer Architecture: A
Quantitative Approach”, 4th Edition, Elsevier, 2007.
9. Harry F. Jordan Gita Alaghaband, “Fundamentals of Parallel Processing”.
Pearson Education, 2003.
10. Richard Y. Kain, “Advanced computer architecture – A system Design
Approach”, PHI, 2003.

ET 9153 DESIGN OF EMBEDDED CONTROL SYSTEM LTPC

3 003

1.EMBEDDED SYSTEM ORGANIZATION 9

Embedded computing – characteristics of embedded computing applications –
embedded system design challenges; Build process of Realtime Embedded system –
Selection of processor; Memory; I/O devices-Rs-485, MODEM, Bus Communication
system using I2C, CAN, USB buses, 8 bit –ISA, EISA bus;

2.REAL-TIME OPERATING SYSTEM 9

Introduction to RTOS; RTOS- Inter Process communication, Interrupt driven Input and
Output -Nonmaskable interrupt, Software interrupt; Thread – Single, Multithread
concept; Multitasking Semaphores.

3.INTERFACE WITH COMMUNICATION PROTOCOL 9

18
Design methodologies and tools – design flows – designing hardware and software
Interface . – system integration; SPI, High speed data acquisition and interface-SPI
read/write protocol, RTC interfacing and programming;

4.DESIGN OF SOFTWARE FOR EMBEDDED CONTROL 9

Software abstraction using Mealy-Moore FSM controller, Layered software development,
Basic concepts of developing device driver – SCI – Software - interfacing & porting using
standard C & C++ ; Functional and performance Debugging with benchmarking Real-
time system software – Survey on basics of contemporary RTOS – VXWorks, UC/OS-II

5. CASE STUDIES WITH EMBEDDED CONTROLLER 9

Programmable interface with A/D & D/A interface; Digital voltmeter, control- Robot
system; - PWM motor speed controller, serial communication interface.

TOTAL : 45 PERIODS
REFERENCES:
1. Steven F. Barrett, Daniel J. Pack, “Embedded Systems – Design and
Applications with the 68HC 12 and HCS12”, Pearson Education, 2008.
2. Raj Kamal, “Embedded Systems- Architecture, Programming and Design” Tata
McGraw Hill, 2006.
3. Micheal Khevi, “The M68HC11 Microcontroller application in
control,Instrumentation & Communication”, PH NewJersy, 1997.
4. Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Rolin D. Mckinlay, Danny Causey, “PIC Microcontroller
and Embedded Systems- Using Assembly and C for PIC18”, Pearson
Education,2008.
5. Steven F.Barrett,Daniel J.Pack,”Embedded Systems-Design & Application with
the 68HC12 & HCS12”, Pearson Education,2008.

6. Daniel W. Lewis, “Fundamentals of Embedded Software”, Prentice Hall India,

2004.
7. Jack R Smith “Programming the PIC microcontroller with MBasic” Elsevier, 2007.
8. Keneth J.Ayala, “The 8086 Microprocessor: Programming & Interfacing the PC”,
Thomson India edition, 2007.

ET 9154 EMBEDDED COMMUNICATION SOFTWARE DESIGN LTPC

3003

1. OSI REFERENCE MODEL 9

Communication Devices – Communication Echo System – Design Consideration – Host
Based Communication – Embedded Communication System – OS Vs RTOS.

2. SOFTWARE PARTITIONING 9
Limitation of strict Layering – Tasks & Modules – Modules and Task Decomposition –
Layer2 Switch – Layer3 Switch / Routers – Protocol Implementation – Management
Types – Debugging Protocols.

3. TABLES & OTHER DATA STRUCTURES 9

19
Partitioning of Structures and Tables – Implementation – Speeding Up access – Table
Resizing – Table access routines – Buffer and Timer Management – Third Party
Protocol Libraries.

4. MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE 9

Device Management – Management Schemes – Router Management – Management of

Sub System Architecture – Device to manage configuration – System Start up and
configuration.

5. MULTI BOARD COMMUNICATION SOFTWARE DESIGN 9

Multi Board Architecture – Single control Card and Multiple line Card Architecture –
Interface for Multi Board software – Failures and Fault – Tolerance in Multi Board
Systems – Hardware independent development – Using a COTS Board – Development
Environment – Test Tools.

TOTAL : 45 PERIODS

REFERENCES
1. Sridhar .T, “Designing Embedded Communication Software” CMP Books, 2003.
2. Comer.D, ”Computer networks and Internet”, Third Edition, Prentice Hall, 2001.

20
ET 9155 ADHOC NETWORKS LTPC
3 003

UNIT I WIRELESS LAN, PAN, WAN AND MAN 9

Characteristics of wireless channel, Fundamentals of WLANs, IEEE 802.11 standard,

HIPERLAN Standard, First-, Second-, and third- generation cellular systems, WLL,
Wireless ATM, IEEE 802.16 standard, HIPERACCESS, AdHoc Wireless Internet.

UNIT II MAC, ROUTING AND MULTICAST ROUTING PROTOCOLS 9

MAC Protocols: Design issues, goals and classification, Contention –based protocols
with reservation and scheduling mechanisms, Protocols using directional antennas.
Routing protocols: Design issues and classification, Table-driven, On-demand and
Hybrid routing protocols, Routing protocols with efficient flooding mechanisms,
Hierarchical and power-aware routing protocols. Multicast Routing Protocols: Design
issues and operation, Architecture reference model, classification, Tree-based and
Mesh-based protocols, Energy-efficient multicasting.

UNIT III TRANSPORT LAYER AND SECURITY PROTOCOLS 9

Transport layer Protocol: Design issues, goals and classification, TCP over AdHoc
wireless Networks, Security, Security requirements, Issues and challenges in security
provisioning, Network security attacks, Security routing.
Quality of Service: Issues and challenges in providing QoS, Classification of QoS
solutions, MAC layer solutions, Network layer solutions, QoS frameworks.

UNIT IV ENERGY MANAGEMENT 9

Need, classification of battery management schemes, Transmission power management

schemes, System power management schemes.
Wireless Sensor Networks: Architecture, Data dissemination, Date gathering, MAC
protocols, location discovery, Quality of a sensor network.

UNIT V PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS 9

ABR beaconing, Performance parameters, Route-discovery time, End-to-end delay

performance, Communication throughput performance, Packet loss performance, Route
reconfiguration/repair time, TCP/IP based applications.
TOTAL : 45 PERIODS

21
REFERENCES

1. C. Siva Ram Murthy and B.S. Manoj, AdHoc Wireless Networks: Architectures and
protocols, Prentice Hall PTR, 2004
2. C.-K.Toh, AdHoc Mobile Wireless Networks: Protocols and Systems, Prentice Hall
PTR, 2001
3. Mohammad Ilyas, The Handbook of AdHoc Wireless Networks, CRC press, 2002
4. Charles E. Perkins, AdHoc Networking, Addison – Wesley, 2000
5. Stefano Basagni, Marco Conti, Silvia Giordano and Ivan Stojmenovic, Mobile AdHoc
Networking, Wiley – IEEE press, 2004.

ET 9156 EMBEDDED LINUX LTPC

3104
AIM
To expose the students to the fundamentals of embedded Linux programming.

1. FUNDAMENTALS OF OPERATING SYSTEMS 8

Overview of operating systems – Process and threads – Processes and
Programs – Programmer view of processes – OS View of processes – Threads -
Scheduling – Non preemptive and preemptive scheduling – Real Time
Scheduling – Process Synchronization – Semaphores – Message Passing –
Mailboxes – Deadlocks – Synchronization and scheduling in multiprocessor
Operating Systems
2. LINUX FUNDAMENTALS 10
Introduction to Linux – Basic Linux commands and concepts – Logging in - Shells
- Basic text editing - Advanced shells and shell scripting – Linux File System –
Linux programming - Processes and threads in Linux - Inter process
communication – Devices – Linux System calls
3. INTRODUCTION TO EMBEDDED LINUX 8
Embedded Linux – Introduction – Advantages- Embedded Linux Distributions -
Architecture - Linux kernel architecture - User space – linux startup sequence -
GNU cross platform Tool chain
4. BOARD SUPPORT PACKAGE AND EMBEDDED STORAGE 10
Inclusion of BSP in kernel build procedure - The bootloader Interface – Memory
Map – Interrupt Management – PCI Subsystem – Timers – UART – Power
Management – Embedded Storage – Flash Map – Memory Technology Device
(MTD) –MTD Architecture - MTD Driver for NOR Flash – The Flash Mapping
drivers – MTD Block and character devices – mtdutils package – Embedded File
Systems – Optimizing storage space – Turning kernel memory
4. EMBEDDED DRIVERS AND APPLICATION PORTING 9
Linux serial driver – Ethernet driver – I2C subsystem – USB gadgets – Watchdog
timer – Kernel Modules – Application porting roadmap - Programming with

22
 pthreads – Operting System Porting Layer – Kernel API Driver - Case studies -
RT Linux – uClinux
L = 45 T = 15 TOTAL = 60
REFERENCE BOOKS
1. Dhananjay M. Dhamdhere, ‘Operating Systems A concept based Approach’,
Tata Mcgraw-Hill Publishing Company Ltd
2. Matthias Kalle Dalheimer, Matt Welsh, ’Running Linux’, O’Reilly Publications
2005
3. Mark Mitchell, Jeffrey Oldham and Alex Samuel ‘Advanced Linux Programming’
New Riders Publications
4. P. Raghavan ,Amol Lad , Sriram Neelakandan, ‘Embedded Linux System Design
and Development’, Auerbach Publications 2006
5. Karim Yaghmour, ‘Building Embedded Linux Systems’, O'Reilly Publications
2003

CO 9122 DIGITAL INSTRUMENTATION LTPC

3 003

1. DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEMS 9

Overview of A/D converter, types and characteristics – Sampling , Errors.
Objective – Building blocks of Automation systems –Counters – Modes of
operation- Frequency, Period, Time interval measurements, Prescaler,
Heterodyne converter for frequency measurement, Single and Multi channel Data
Acquisition systems.

2. INTERFACING AND DATA TRANSMISSION 9

Data transmission systems – 8086 Microprocessor based system design –
Peripheral Interfaces – Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) – Digital Modulation –
Pulse Modulation – Pulse Code Format – Interface systems and standards –
Communications.

3. INSTRUMENTATION BUS 9
Introduction, Modem standards, Basic requirements of Instrument Bus standards,
Bus communication, interrupt and data handshaking , Interoperability,
interchangeability for RS-232, USB, RS-422, RS-485.

4. PARALLEL PORT BUSES 9

Field bus, Mod bus, GPIB, IEEE-488, VME, VXI, Network buses – Ethernet –
TCP/IP protocols; CAN bus- basics, Message transfer, Fault confinement.

5. CASE STUDIES 9
PC based DAS, Data loggers, PC based industrial process measurements like
flow, temperature, pressure and level development system, CRT interface and
controller with monochrome and colour video display.
TOTAL : 45 PERIODS
REFERENCES:
1. A.J. Bouwens, “Digital Instrumentation” , TATA McGraw-Hill Edition, 1998.

23
 2. N. Mathivanan, “Microprocessors, PC Hardware and Interfacing”, Prentice-
Hall India, 2005.
3. H S Kalsi, “Electronic Instrumentation” Second Edition, Tata McGraw-
Hill,2006.
4. Joseph J. Carr, “Elements of Electronic Instrumentation and Measurement”
Third Edition, Pearson Education, 2003.
5. Buchanan, “Computer busses”, Arnold, London,2000.
6. Jonathan W Valvano, “Embedded Microcomputer systems”, Asia Pvt. Ltd.,
Brooks/Cole, Thomson, 2001.

ET 9157 RISC PROCESSOR ARCHITECTURE AND PROGRAMMING LTPC

300 3

AIM
To expose the students to the fundamentals of AVR, ARM Architecture and
Programming.

1. AVR MICROCONTROLLER ARCHITECTURE 9

Architecture – memory organization – addressing modes – instruction set –
programming techniques –Assembly language & C programming- Development
Tools – Cross Compilers – Hardware Design Issues .

2. PERIPHERAL OF AVR MICROCONTROLLER 9

I/O Memory – EEPROM – I/O Ports –SRAM –Timer –UART – Interrupt Structure-
Serial Communication with PC – ADC/DAC Interfacing .
3 ARM ARCHITECTURE AND PROGRAMMING 9
Arcon RISC Machine – Architectural Inheritance – Core & Architectures -
Registers – Pipeline - Interrupts – ARM organization - ARM processor family –
Co-processors. Instruction set – Thumb instruction set – Instruction cycle timings
- The ARM Programmer’s model – ARM Development tools – ARM Assembly
Language Programming and ‘C’compiler programming.

4 ARM APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT 9

Introduction to DSP on ARM –FIR Filter – IIR Filter – Discrete fourier transform –
Exception Handling – Interrupts – Interrupt handling schemes- Firmware and
bootloader – Example: Standalone - Embedded Operating Systems –
Fundamental Components - Example Simple little Operating System

6. DESIGN WITH ARM MICROCONTROLLERS 9

24
 Integrated development environment - STDIO Libraries - User Peripheral
Devices – Application of ARM processor: Wireless Sensor Networks, Robotics.

TOTAL : 45 PERIODS
REFERENCE
1. Steve Furber, ‘ARM system on chip architecture’, Addision Wesley
2. Andrew N. Sloss, Dominic Symes, Chris Wright, John Rayfield ‘ARM System
Developer’s Guide Designing and Optimizing System Software’, Elsevier 2007.
3. Trevor Martin, ‘The Insider's Guide To The Philips ARM7-Based Microcontrollers,
An Engineer's Introduction To The LPC2100 Series’ Hitex (UK) Ltd.,
4. Dananjay V. Gadre ‘Programming and Customizing the AVR microcontroller’,
McGraw Hill 2001
5. ARM Architecture Reference Manual
6. LPC213x User Manual
7. www.arm.com
8. www.nxp.com

ET 9158 ADVANCED EMBEDDED SYSTEMS LTPC

3003

AIM
To expose the students to the fundamentals of embedded system design.

OBJECTIVES
To impart knowledge on
1. Fundamentals on design attributes of functional units of a Processor
2. Intra & Inter processor Communications

1. INTRODUCTION TO EMBEDDED HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE 9

Terminology – Gates – Timing diagram – Memory – Microprocessor buses – Direct
memory access – Interrupts – Built interrupts – Interrupts basis – Shared data problems
– Interrupt latency - Embedded system evolution trends – Interrupt routines in an RTOS
environment .

2. SYSTEM MODELLING WITH HARDWARE/SOFTWARE PARTITIONING 9

Embedded systems, Hardware/Software Co-Design, Co-Design for System Specification

and modelling- Single-processor Architectures&,Multi-ProcessorArchitectures,
comparison of Co-Design Approaches, Models of Computation, Requirements for
Embedded System Specification, Hardware/Software Partitioning Problem,
Hardware/Software Cost Estimation, Generation of Partitioning by Graphical modelling,
Formulation of the HW/SW scheduling, Optimization.

3. HARDWARE/SOFTWARE CO-SYNTHESIS 9

25
The Co-Synthesis Problem, State-Transition Graph, Refinement and Controller
Generation, Distributed System Co-Synthesis.

4. MEMORY AND INTERFACING 9

Memory: Memory write ability and storage performance – Memory types – composing
memory – Advance RAM interfacing communication basic – Microprocessor interfacing
I/O addressing – Interrupts – Direct memory access – Arbitration multilevel bus
architecture – Serial protocol – Parallel protocols – Wireless protocols – Digital camera
example.

5. CONCURRENT PROCESS MODELS AND HARDWARE SOFTWARE

CO-DESIGN 9
Modes of operation – Finite state machines – Models – HCFSL and state charts
language – state machine models – Concurrent process model – Concurrent process –
Communication among process –Synchronization among process – Implementation –
Data Flow model. Design technology – Automation synthesis – Hardware software co-
simulation – IP cores – Design Process Model.

TOTAL : 45 PERIODS

REFERENCES

1. David. E. Simon, “An Embedded Software Primer”, Pearson Education, 2001.

2. Tammy Noergaard, ”Embedded System Architecture, A comprehensive Guide for
Engineers and Programmers”, Elsevier, 2006
3. Raj Kamal, “Embedded Systems- Architecture, Programming and Design”
Tata McGraw Hill, 2006.
4. Frank Vahid and Tony Gwargie, “Embedded System Design”, John Wiley & sons,
2002.
5. Steve Heath, “Embedded System Design”, Elsevier, Second Edition, 2004.
6. Ralf Niemann, “Hardware/Software Co-Design for Data Flow Dominated
Embedded Systems”, Kluwer Academic Pub, 1998.
7. Jorgen Staunstrup, Wayne Wolf, “Harware/Software Co-Design:Principles and
Practice”, Kluwer Academic Pub, 1997.
8. Giovanni De Micheli, Rolf Ernst Morgon, “Reading in Hardware/Software Co-
Design” Kaufmann Publishers, 2001.

26
27
ET 9159 ADVANCED DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LTPC
3003
1. INTRODUCTION 9
Mathematical description of change of sampling rate – Interpolation and
Decimation, Filter implementation for sampling rate conversion – direct form FIR
structures, DTFT, FFT, Wavelet transform and filter bank implementation of
wavelet expansion of signals
2. ESTIMATION AND PREDICTION TECHNIQUES 9
Discrete Random Processes – Ensemble averages, Stationary processes,
Autocorrelation and Auto covariance matrices. Parseval’s Theorem, Wiener-
Khintchine Relation – Power Spectral Density. AR, MA, ARMA model based
spectral estimation. Parameter Estimation, Linear prediction – Forward and
backward predictions, Least mean squared error criterion – Wiener filter for
filtering and prediction, Discrete Kalman filter.
3. DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSOR 9
Basic Architecture – Computational building blocks, MAC, Bus Architecture and
memory, Data Addressing, Parallelism and pipelining, Parallel I/O interface,
Memory Interface, Interrupt, DMA.
4. APPLICATION OF DSP 9
Design of Decimation and Interpolation Filter, FFT Algorithm, PID Controller,
Application for Serial Interfacing, DSP based Power Meter, Position control.
5. VLSI IMPLEMENTATION 9
Basics on DSP sytem architecture design using VHDL programming, Mapping of
DSP algorithm onto hardware, Realisation of MAC & Filter structure.

TOTAL : 45 PERIODS
REFERENCES:
1. Bernard Widrow, Samuel D. Stearns, “Adaptive Signal Processing”, Pearson
Education, third edition, 2004.
2. Dionitris G. Manolakis, Vinay K. Ingle, Stepen M. Kogon,”Statistical &
Adaptive signal processing, spectral estimation, signal modeling, Adaptive
filtering & Array processing”, McGraw-Hill International edition 2000.
3. Monson H. Hayes, “Statistical Digital Signal Processing and Modelling”, John
Wiley and Sons, Inc.,
4. John G. Proaks, Dimitris G. Manolakis, “Digital Signal Processing”, Pearson
Education 2002.
5. S. Salivahanan, A. Vallavaraj and C. Gnanapriya “Digital Signal Processing”,
TMH,2000.
6. Avatar Sing, S. Srinivasan, “Digital Signal Processing- Implementation using
DSP Microprocessors with Examples from TMS320C54xx”, Thomson India,
2004.
7. Lars Wanhammer, “DSP Integrated Circuits”, Academic press, 1999,New
York.
8. Ashok Ambardar,”Digital Signal Processing: A Modern Introduction”,Thomson
India edition, 2007.
9. Lars Wanhammer, “DSP Integrated Circuits”, Academic press, 1999,New
York.

28
ET 9160 CRYPTOGRAPHY AND NETWORK SECURITY LTPC
3003

1. SYMMETRIC CIPHERS 9
Overview – classical Encryption Techniques – Block Ciphers and the Data Encryption
standard – Introduction to Finite Fields – Advanced Encryption standard – Contemporary
Symmetric Ciphers – Confidentiality using Symmetric Encryption.

2. PUBLIC-KEY ENCRYPTION AND HASH FUNCTIONS 9

Introduction to Number Theory – Public-Key Cryptography and RSA – Key Management
– Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange – Elliptic Curve Cryptography – Message Authentication
and Hash Functions – Hash Algorithms – Digital Signatures and Authentication
Protocols.

3. NETWORK SECURITY PRACTICE 9

Authentication Applications – Kerberos – X.509 Authentication Service – Electronic mail
Security – Pretty Good Privacy – S/MIME – IP Security architecture – Authentication
Header – Encapsulating Security Payload – Key Management.

4. SYSTEM SECURITY 9
Intruders – Intrusion Detection – Password Management – Malicious Software –
Firewalls – Firewall Design Principles – Trusted Systems.

5. WIRELESS SECURITY 9
Introduction to Wireless LAN Security Standards – Wireless LAN Security Factors and
Issues.
TOTAL : 45 PERIODS
TEXT BOOKS
1. William Stallings, “Cryptography And Network Security – Principles And
Practices”, Pearson Education, 3rd Edition, 2003.

REFERENCES
1. Atul Kahate, “Cryptography and Network Security”, Tata McGraw Hill, 2003.
2. Bruce Schneier, “Applied Cryptography”, John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2001.
3. Stewart S. Miller, “Wi-Fi Security”, McGraw Hill, 2003.
4. Charles B. Pfleeger, Shari Lawrence Pfleeger, “Security In Computing”, 3 rd
Edition, Pearson Education, 2003.
5. Mai, “Modern Cryptography: Theory and Practice”, First Edition, Pearson
Education, 2003.

29
ET 9161 PROGRAMMING WITH VHDL LTPC
3003

1. VHDL FUNDAMENTALS 9

Fundamental concepts- Modeling digital system-Domain and levels of modeling-

modeling languages-VHDL modeling concepts-Scalar Data types and
operations- constants and Variable-Scalar Types- Type Classification-Attributes
and scalar types-expression and operators-Sequential statements.

2. DATA TYPES AND BASIC MODELING CONSTRUCTS 9

Arrays- unconstrained array types-array operations and referencing- records -
Access Types- Abstract Date types- -basic modeling constructs-entity
declarations-Architecture bodies-behavioral description-structural descriptions-
design Processing, case study: A pipelined Multiplier accumulator.

3. SUBPROGRAMS , PACKAGES AND FILES 9

Procedures-Procedure parameters- Concurrent procedure call statements –
Functions –Overloading –visibility of Declarations-packages and use clauses-
Package declarations-package bodies-use clauses-Predefined aliases-Aliases
for Data objects-Aliases for Non-Data items-Files- I/O-Files. Case study: A bit
vector arithmetic Package.

4. SIGNALS, COMPONENTS, CONFIGURATIONS. 9

Basic Resolved Signals-IEEE std_Logic_1164 resolved subtypes- resolved
Signal Parameters - Generic Constants- Parameterizing behavior-
Parameterizing structure-components and configurations-Generate Statements-
Generating Iterative structure-Conditionally generating structure-Configuration of
generate statements-case study: DLX computer Systems.

5. DESIGN WITH PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC DEVICES 9

Realization of -Micro controller CPU.- Memories- I/O devices-MAC-
Design,synthesis,simulation and testing.

TOTAL : 45 PERIODS

REFERENCES

1. Peter J.Ashenden, “The Designer’s guide to VHDL”, Morgan Kaufmann

publishers,San Francisco,Second Edition, May 2001.
2. Zainalabedin navabi, “VHDL Analysis ans modeling of Digital Systems”, McGraw
Hill international Editions, Second Editions, 1998.
3. Charles H Roth, Jr. “Digital system Design using VHDL”, Thomson ,
2006.
4. Douglas Perry, “VHDL Programming by Example”, Tata McGraw Hill,4 th Edition
2002.
5. Navabi.Z., “VHDL Analysis and Modeling of Digital Systems”, McGraw
International, 1998.
6. Peter J Ashendem, “The Designers Guide to VHDL”, Harcourt India Pvt Ltd, 2002
7. Skahill. K, “VHDL for Programmable Logic”, Pearson education, 1996.

30
ET 9162 COMPUTERS IN NETWORKING AND DIGITAL CONTROL LTPC
3003
1. NETWORK FUNDAMENTALS: 9
Data communication networking – Data transmission concepts – Communication
networking - Overview of OSI- TCP/IP layers – IP addressing - DNS – Packet
Switching – Routing –Fundamental concepts in SMTP, POP, FTP, Telnet, HTML,
HTTP, URL, SNMP,ICMP.

2. DATA COMMUNICATION: 9
Sensor data acquisition, Sampling, Quantization, Filtering ,Data Storage, Analysis using
compression techniques, Data encoding – Data link control – Framing, Flow and Error
control, Point to point protocol, Routers, Switches , Bridges – MODEMs, Network layer
–Congestion control , Transport layer- Congestion control, Connection establishment.

3. VIRTUAL INSTRUMENTATION: 9
Block diagram and Architecture – Data flow techniques – Graphical programming using
GUI – Real time system – Embedded controller – Instrument drivers – Software and
hardware simulation of I/O communication blocks – ADC/DAC – Digital I/O – Counter ,
Timer, Data communication ports.
4. MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL THROUGH INTERNET: 9
Web enabled measurement and control-data acquisition for Monitoring of plant
parameters through Internet – Calibration of measuring instruments through Internet,
Web based control – Tuning of controllers through Internet

5. VI BASED MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL: 9

Simulation of signal analysis & controller logic modules for Virtual Instrument control –
Case study of systems using VI for data acquisition, Signal analysis, controller design,
Drives control.

TOTAL : 45 PERIODS

REFERENCES:
1. Wayne Tomasi, “Introduction to Data communications and Networking”
Pearson Education, 2007.
2. Al Williams, “Embedded Internet Design”, Second Edition, TMH, 2007.
3. Douglas E.Comer, “Internetworking with TCP/IP, Vol. 1”, Third Edition,
Prentice Hall, 1999.
4. Cory L. Clark, “LabVIEW Digital Signal Processing and Digital
Communication”, TMH edition 2005.
5. Behrouza A Forouzan,”Data Communications and Networking” Fourth
edition, TMH, 2007.
6. Krishna Kant,”Computer based Industrial control”,PHI,2002.
7. Gary Johnson, “LabVIEW Graphical Programming”, Second edition,
McGraw Hill, Newyork, 1997.
8. Kevin James, ”PC Interfacing and Data Acquisition: Techniques for
measurement, Instrumentation and control, Newnes, 2000.
9. Cory L. Clark,”LabVIEW Digital Signal processing and Digital
Communications” Tata McGRAW-HILL edition, 2005.

31
ET 9163 DISTRIBUTED EMBEDDED COMPUTING LTPC
30 03

1. THE HARDWARE INFRASTRUCTURE 9

Broad Band Transmission facilities – Open Interconnection standards – Local Area

Networks – Wide Area Networks – Network management – Network Security – Cluster
computers.

2. INTERNET CONCEPTS 9

Capabilities and limitations of the internet – Interfacing Internet server applications to

corporate databases HTML and XML Web page design and the use of active
components.

3. DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING USING JAVA 9

IO streaming – Object serialization – Networking – Threading – RMI – multicasting –

distributed databases – embedded java concepts – case studies.

4. EMBEDDED AGENT 9
Introduction to the embedded agents – Embedded agent design criteria – Behaviour
based, Functionality based embedded agents – Agent co-ordination mechanisms and
benchmarks embedded-agent. Case study: Mobile robots.

5. EMBEDDED COMPUTING ARCHITECTURE 9

Synthesis of the information technologies of distributed embedded systems –

analog/digital co-design – optimizing functional distribution in complex system design –
validation and fast prototyping of multiprocessor system-on-chip – a new dynamic
scheduling algorithm for real-time multiprocessor systems.
TOTAL : 45 PERIODS

REFERENCES:
1. Dietel & Dietel, “JAVA how to program”, Prentice Hall 1999.
2. Sape Mullender, “Distributed Systems”, Addison-Wesley, 1993.
3. George Coulouris and Jean Dollimore, “Distributed Systems – concepts and
design”,Addison –Wesley 1988.
4. “Architecture and Design of Distributed Embedded Systems”, edited by Bernd
Kleinjohann C-lab, Universitat Paderborn, Germany, Kluwer Academic
Publishers, Boston, April 2001, 248 pp.

32
CO 9154 PRINCIPLES OF ROBOTICS
LTPC
3003
1. INTRODUCTION AND TERMINOLOGIES: 9
Definition-Classification-History- Robots components-Degrees of freedom-Robot joints-
coordinates- Reference frames-workspace-Robot languages-actuators-sensors-
Position, velocity and acceleration sensors-Torque sensors-tactile and touch sensors-
proximity and range sensors-social issues

2. KINEMATICS 9
Mechanism-matrix representation-homogenous transformation-DH representation-
Inverse kinematics-solution and programming-degeneracy and dexterity

3. DIFFERENTIAL MOTION & VELOCITIES 9

Jacobian-differential motion of frames-Interpretation-calculation of Jacobian-Inverse
Jacobian-Design-Lagrangian mechanics-dynamic equations-static force analysis

4. ROBOT CONTROL SYSTEM 9

Sensor characteristics- Hydraulic, Pneumatic and electric actuators-trajectory planning-
decentalised PID control- non-linear decoupling control

5. IMAGE PROCESSING & VISION SYSTEMS 9

Two and three dimensional images-spatial and frequency domain representation-noise
and edges- convolution masks-Processing techniques-thersholding-noise reduction-
edge detection-segmentation-Image analysis and object recognition

TOTAL : 45 PERIODS
REFERENCES

1. Saeed B. Niku ,''Introduction to Robotics '', Pearson Education, 2002

2. Fu, Gonzalez and Lee Mcgrahill ,''Robotics ", international
3. R.D. Klafter, TA Chmielewski and Michael Negin, "Robotic Engineering, An
Integrated approach", Prentice Hall of India, 2003.

EB 9152 APPLICATIONS OF MEMS TECHNOLOGY LTPC

3 0 03

1. MEMS:MICRO-FABRICATION, MATERIALS AND ELECTRO-MECHANICAL

CEPTS 9
Overview of micro fabrication – Silicon and other material based fabrication processes –
Concepts: Conductivity of semiconductors-Crystal planes and orientation-stress and
strain-flexural beam bending analysis-torsional deflections-Intrinsic stress- resonant
frequency and quality factor.

2. ELECTROSTATIC SENSORS AND ACTUATION 9

33
Principle, material, design and fabrication of parallel plate capacitors as electrostatic
sensors and actuators-Applications

3. THERMAL SENSING AND ACTUATION 9

Principle, material, design and fabrication of thermal couples, thermal bimorph sensors,
thermal resistor sensors-Applications.

4. PIEZOELECTRIC SENSING AND ACTUATION 9

Piezoelectric effect-cantilever piezo electric actuator model-properties of piezoelectric
materials-Applications.

5. CASE STUDIES 9
Piezoresistive sensors, Magnetic actuation, Micro fluidics applications, Medical
applications, Optical MEMS.
TOTAL : 45 PERIODS

REFERENCES
1. Chang Liu, “Foundations of MEMS”, Pearson International Edition, 2006.
2. Marc Madou , “Fundamentals of microfabrication”,CRC Press, 1997.
3.Boston , “Micromachined Transducers Sourcebook”,WCB McGraw Hill, 1998.
4.M.H.Bao “Micromechanical transducers :Pressure sensors, accelerometers and
gyroscopes”, Elsevier, Newyork, 2000.

CO 9158 DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING LTPC

3003

1. FUNDAMENTALS OF IMAGE PROCESSING 9

Introduction – Steps in image processing systems – Image acquisition – Sampling and
Quantization – Pixel relationships – Color fundamentals and models, File formats, Image
operations – Arithmetic, Geometric and Morphological.

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2. IMAGE ENHANCEMENT 9
Spatial Domain: Gray level Transformations – Histogram processing – Spatial filtering
smoothing and sharpening. Frequency Domain: Filtering in frequency domain – DFT,
FFT, DCT – Smoothing and sharpening filters – Homomorphic Filtering.

3. IMAGE SEGMENTATION AND FEATURE ANALYSIS 9

Detection of Discontinuities – Edge operators – Edge linking and Boundary Detection –
Thresholding – Region based segmentation – Morphological Watersheds – Motion
Segmentation, Feature Analysis and Extraction.

4. MULTI RESOLUTION ANALYSIS AND COMPRESSIONS 9

Multi Resolution Analysis: Image Pyramids – Multi resolution expansion – Wavelet
Transforms, Image compression: Fundamentals – Models – Elements of Information
Theory – Error free compression – Lossy Compression – Compression Standards.

5. APPLICATION OF IMAGE PROCESSING 9

Image classification – Image recognition – Image understanding – Video motion analysis
– Image fusion – Steganography – Digital compositing Mosaics – Colour Image
Processing.

TOTAL : 45 PERIODS

REFERENCES :

1. Rafael C.Gonzalez and Richard E.Woods, “Digital Image Processing”, 2nd Edition,
Pearson Education, 2003.
2. Milan Sonka, Valclav Halavac and Roger Boyle, “Image Processing, Analysis and
Machine Vision”, 2nd Edition, Thomson Learning, 2001.
3. Anil K.Jain, “Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing”. Pearson Education, 2003.

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