Getting Started With Technical Analysis-5
Getting Started With Technical Analysis-5
with relative highs and the lower boundary approximately coinciding with relative lows.
Figure 4.29 illustrates a price envelope band for the March 1994 Tbond contract using a 20day moving average and a 2.5% value. As can be seen, the price
envelope provides a good indication of support and resistance levels. An alternative way of expressing the same concept is that the price envelope indicates
overbought and oversold levels (see Chapter 6). Price envelope bands can also be applied to data for other than daily time intervals. For example, Figure 4.30
illustrates a 1.2% price envelope band applied to 90minute bars for the same market shown in Figure 4.29 (but of course for a shorter time period). Bollinger Bands
are a wellknown version of price envelope bands; they simply add and subtract a standard deviation calculation instead of a percentage calculation from a moving
average.
It should be noted, however, that the price envelope is not as effective a tool as it might appear to be. Although it provides a reasonably good indication of when the
market may be nearing a turning point, during ex
Figure 4.29
Price envelope band as indication of support and resistance in daily bar chart: March
1995 Tbond.
Source: FutureSource;
copyright © 1986–1994; all rights reserved.
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Figure 4.30
Price envelope band as indication of support and resistance in 90minute bar chart:
March 1995 Tbond.
Source: FutureSource;
copyright © 1986–1994; all rights reserved.
tended trends prices can continue to hug one end of the price envelope. This pattern, for example, is evident in Figure 4.29 during the late February–April 1994
period. During this time, the price envelope repeatedly suggested that prices were oversold, while prices continued to slide steadily lower. Thus while it is true that
price excursions beyond the price envelope band tend to be limited and temporary, the fact that prices are near one of the boundaries of the envelope does not
necessarily mean that a price turning point is imminent. On balance, the price envelope provides one method of gauging potential areas of support and resistance, but it
is by no means infallible.
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Chapter 5—
Chart Patterns
Never confuse brilliance with a bull market.
—Paul Rubin
When people think of technical analysis, they often first think of wellknown visual chart patterns like head and shoulders, triangles, pennants, gaps, and so on. Such
patterns—whether they consist of one bar or several dozen—suggest different kinds of price behavior depending on their specific market context. This chapter will
discuss not only the structure of chart patterns, but also the factors that impact their interpretation and application.
OneDay Patterns
Gaps
A gap day is one in which the low is above the previous day's high or the high is below the previous day's low. There are four basic types of gaps:
1. Common Gap. This type of gap occurs within a trading range and is not particularly significant. Figures 5.1, 5.2, and 5.3 show a few of the common gaps
occurring in these charts.
2. Breakaway Gap. This type of gap occurs when prices surge beyond the extreme of a trading range, leaving an area in which no trading activity has
occurred (see Figures 5.1 and 5.2). A breakaway gap that is not filled within a few days is one of the most significant and reliable chart signals.
3. Runaway Gap. This type of gap occurs when a trend accelerates and is a characteristic of strong bull and bear markets. In
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Figure 5.1
Price gaps: December 1994 coffee.
Figure 5.2
Price gaps: February 1995 hogs.