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CHM 421 Analytical Chemistry Experiment 1: Calibration of A Volumetric Flask

The document describes an experiment to calibrate a 100 mL volumetric flask. The experiment involves weighing the empty flask, filling it with water, and calculating the actual volume based on temperature. The results determine that the new calibration mark should be 11.3701 mm above the original 100 mL mark. Sources of error are also discussed, such as parallax error and incomplete drying, and improvements are suggested to increase accuracy. The conclusion is that calibrating volumetric glassware helps ensure more precise measurements.

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Intan Sapura
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1K views10 pages

CHM 421 Analytical Chemistry Experiment 1: Calibration of A Volumetric Flask

The document describes an experiment to calibrate a 100 mL volumetric flask. The experiment involves weighing the empty flask, filling it with water, and calculating the actual volume based on temperature. The results determine that the new calibration mark should be 11.3701 mm above the original 100 mL mark. Sources of error are also discussed, such as parallax error and incomplete drying, and improvements are suggested to increase accuracy. The conclusion is that calibrating volumetric glassware helps ensure more precise measurements.

Uploaded by

Intan Sapura
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHM 421

ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY

EXPERIMENT 1 :

CALIBRATION OF A VOLUMETRIC FLASK

NAME : OMMY MADINA BINTI ABDUL HALIM

STUDENT NUMBER : 2019295426

GROUP NUMBER : RAS2451A

LECTURER’S NAME : MOHD HAFIZ BIN YAAKOB

DATE EXPERIMENT : 23 SEPTEMBER 2019

DATELINE EXPERIMENT : 07 OCTOBER 2019


Abstract :

In analitycal procedure,calibration and standardization are the most important


part of all the procedure because volumetric glassware give an accurate and more
precise volume.The aim of this experiment is to calibrate volumetric flask and learn how
the correct technique to calibrate the volumetric flask so that it can avoid parallax error
which means the result valid and more reliable according to the theory.Next,the
experiment also need to determine the new calibration mark of the volumetric flask that
used this formula which is dividing the mass of water by volume for 1.00g of water at
various temperature.Density is affected by volume of various temperature and mass of
a liquid. Calibration method will prove that useful producing reliable,repeatable
measuremet and more accurate.In the method which is during procedure make sure
that all the instrument of volumetric flask is dry and empty because it can make the
result less accurate.When weighing by difference,it will discrupted the weight of
volumetric flask.The result and observation will reliable if all the precaution during the
experiment are avoid.
Objectives:

1.To calibrate a used of volumetric flask.

2.To determine the new calibration mark of the volumetric flask.

Introduction:

Calibration is to measure of an instrument in the laboratory which can measure it


accurately so that it can minimize the errors during measurement instrument
reading.Calibration is an important procedure or technique because it will ensure the to
contain or deliver good,accurate volume.

Volumetric glassware is calibrated by measuring the mass of liquid which usually


mL water of known density and temperature that is contained in the volumetric
glassware.

The calculation to calibrate the volumetric flask is weighing data for buoyancy and
after that converted to the volume of the apparatus at the temperature of calibration.It
have to divide with the density of the liquid at the temperature.This volume is corrected
to the standard temperature of 20°C.

Next,the calculation for the calibration is based on the table that have provided
which it already incorporated the buoyancy error and the volume change of water and
of glass containers.The temperature of room is used and based on the volume for 1.00g
of water temperature to get the exact volume at that temperature by multiply with mass
of water at that temperature.
Method:

About 200mL of distilled water was started by equilibrating. 200mL of distilled


water was placed into a clean beaker and let it stand at room temperature for 15
minutes.A 100 mL of volumetric flask was cleaned and dried.About 2cm sticker was
pasted onto the 100 mL mark of the flask,letting the mark of the flask to be at the
center of sticker.The weight of the volumetric flask was determined accurately.After 15
minutes,the temperature of the room and the equilibrated water was measured.The
flask with the equilibrated distilled water was filled up to the mark.You are advised to
use a dropper towards the end.The flask was weighed again accurately.The weight of
water in the flask was converted into volume using data provided in the table below.This
is the actual volume of the volumetric flask at the temperature of the lab room.If the
volume in 5 is less than the standard volume i.e.100 mL, a new mark on the sticker was
maked,5mm above the present mark of the volumetric flask,so that adjustment can be
done later.Conversely ,if the volume is more than the standard volume,a new mark on
the sticker was maked ,5mm below the present mark of the volumetric flask..Water was
added (or reduced) to the new mark which has just been made.The volumetric flask was
weighed again and the new volume was calculated.Used the ration of volume and
distance,the exact distance was determined for the new mark to be so that the volume
of the flask is accurate.
Temperature (°C) Volume 1.00g water Temperature (°C) Volume 1.00g water
(mL) (mL)
20 1.0028 27 1.0043
21 1.0030 28 1.0046
22 1.0032 29 1.0048
23 1.0034 30 1.0051
24 1.0036 31 1.0051
25 1.0038 32 1.0067
26 1.0041 33 1.0060
Table 1 : The Volume for 1.00g of Water Temperature

Results :

Temperature of the room 32°C


Temperature of the equilibrated water 31°C
Weight of dry 100 mL volumetric flask 58.0941 g
Weight of volumetric flask + H2O(at current 100 mL mark ) 157.1231 g
Weight of volumetric flask + H2O(at 5mm mark) 157.8273 g
Result 1 : Data to Calculate the New Mark of Volumetric Flask

Calculation :

Mass of water = Weight of volumetric flask + H2O(at current 100 mL mark ) - Weight of
dry 100 mL volumetric flask
= 157.1231 g - 58.0941 g

=99.029 g

At current 100 mL mark :

Temperature of the room = 32°C

Refer to TABLE 1 (The volume 1.00g of water ) : 32°C = 1.0067 mL

Volume for 1.00g of Water at Various Temperature = Mass of water / Density of water

1.0067 = 99.029 / Density of water

Density of water = 99.029 / 1.0067

= 98.3699

At 5 mm :

= 157.8273 g - 58.0941 g

=99.7322 g

Temperature of the room = 32°C

Refer to TABLE 1 (The volume 1.00g of water ) : 32°C = 1.0067 mL

1.0067 = 99.7322 / Density of water

Density of water =99.7322 / 1.0067

= 99.0694
Different Density of water

= 99.0694 - 98.3699

= 0.6995

At 5mm mark = 0.6995

1.0067 = 0.6995 / Density of water

= 0.6995 / 1.0067

= 0.6948

= 100 mL - (The initial Volume the new mark for the volumetric flask at current 100 mL
mark)

= 100 mL - 98.3699

= 1.6301

0.6948 = 5mm

Therefore = ( 1.6301 x 5 ) / 0.6948

= 11.7301 mm

The new mark for the volumetric flask is 11.3701 mm.

Discussion:

The objective of this experiment is to calibrate an instrument by measuring using


volumentric flask which is accurate for 100 mL volumetric flask is ±0.1 mL . Any 100 mL
that exceed the reading errors which 100 mL volumetric flask is ±0.1 mL needs to be
calibrated.Calibration is the technique that very sensitive because the quantitative
analysis will be success with the exact data and measurement during the experiment.The
result of this experiment is valid but less reliable which is 11.3701 mm for the new mark
for the volumetric flask.

The experiment have some errors that make the result is less reliable which is less
accurate during the progress of the work.The possible sources of errors that make the
result less accurate is parallax error which means the eye’s level during reading is not
perpendicular with the mark of volumetric flask.Next,the errors is during weighing by
difference.When the volumetric flask is rinse by distilled water before use,the remaining
water or particle of water is still have in the flask which means the flask is not fully dried
make the weighing is not accurate even the flask already dried on the hot
plate.Lastly,the errors during adjustment of the new mark for the volumetric flask at
5mm mark which is if the volume less than 100 mL make the 5mm above the calibration
mark while if the volume more than 100 mL make the 5mm below the calibration mark
of volumetric flask.

The experiment should have improvement to get the better result and more
accurate.Firstly,make sure that the eye’s level during reading is perpendicular to the
mark of volumetric flask to avoid parallax error.Next,the volumetric flask must dry and
empty during weighing by difference using analytical balance so that the weigh of
volumetric flask is accurate.Lastly,the improvement during the experiment is make sure
that the adjustment of the new mark for the volumetric flask at 5mm mark is true so
that the next step to add or reduce water for the new mark of volumetric flask is
accurate and reliable.

Conclusion :
As conclusion,the experiment actually is to investigate the used of volumetric
flask by calibrating the instrument to be more accurate and the used of other volumetric
glassware also.Moreover,the new calibration mark of the volumetric flask is 11.3701
mm.

References :

Study Moose,(n.d), Lab Report Calibration of Volumetric Flask.Retrieved

October 5, 2019 from https://studymoose.com/lab-report-calibration-of-


volumetric-flask-essay

Quality Control (July 19,2017) Calibration Procedure for Volumetric Glassware.Retrieved

October 5, 2019 from https://pharmapathway.com/calibration-procedure-


volumetric-glassware/

Pepperap ,(n.d), Lab Report Calibration of Volumetric Flask Paper.Retrieved

October 5, 2019 https://paperap.com/paper-on-lab-report-calibration-of-


volumetric-flask/

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