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Relations and Functions

The document discusses relations and functions. A relation pairs elements of a domain with elements of a range, while a function pairs each domain element with exactly one range element. A function can be one-to-one if each domain element maps to a unique range element, onto if each range element is mapped from a domain element, or both one-to-one and onto. The document provides examples of evaluating functions by substituting values into functional equations.

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ayesha
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68 views

Relations and Functions

The document discusses relations and functions. A relation pairs elements of a domain with elements of a range, while a function pairs each domain element with exactly one range element. A function can be one-to-one if each domain element maps to a unique range element, onto if each range element is mapped from a domain element, or both one-to-one and onto. The document provides examples of evaluating functions by substituting values into functional equations.

Uploaded by

ayesha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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2-1 HAND-OUT

Relations and Functions


Relations and Functions A relation can be represented as a set of ordered pairs or as an equation; the relation is then
the set of all ordered pairs (x, y) that make the equation true. A function is a relation in which each element of the domain
is paired with exactly one element of the range.

One-to-One
Each element of the domain pairs to exactly one unique element of the range.
Function

Onto Function Each element of the range also corresponds to an element of the domain.

Both One-to- Each element of the domain is paired to exactly one element of the range, and
One and Onto each element of the range corresponds to an element of the domain.

Example: State the domain and range of the relation. x y


Does the relation represent a function? –1 –5
The domain is {–1, 0, 1, 2, 3} and range is {–5, –3, –1, 1, 3}. Each element of the 0 –3
domain corresponds with exactly one element of the range, so it is a function. 1 –1
2 1
3 3

Exercises
State the domain and range of each relation. Then determine whether each relation is a function. If it is a function,
determine if it is one-to-one, onto, both, or neither.

1. {(0.5, 3), (0.4, 2), (3.1, 1), (0.4, 0)} 2. {(–5, 2), (4, –2), (3, –11), (–7, 2)}

3. {(0.5, –3), (0.1, 12), (6, 8)} 4. {(–15, 12), (–14, 11), (–13, 10), (–12, 12)}
2-1 HAND-OUT (continued)
Relations and Functions
Equations of Relations and Functions Equations that represent functions are often written in functional notation. For
example, y = 10 – 8x can be written as f(x) = 10 – 8x. This notation emphasizes the fact that the values of y, the dependent
variable, depend on the values of x, the independent variable.

To evaluate a function, or find a functional value, means to substitute a given value in the domain into the equation to find
the corresponding element in the range.
Example: Given f(x) = 𝒙𝟐 + 2x, find each value.
a. f(3)
f(x) = 𝑥 2 + 2x Original function
f(3) = 32 + 2(3) Substitute.
= 15 Simplify.
b. f(5a)
f(x) = 𝑥 2 + 2x Original function
f(5a) = (5𝑎)2 + 2(5a) Substitute.
2
= 25𝑎 + 10a Simplify.
Exercises
Graph each relation or equation and determine the domain and range. Determine whether the relation is a
function, is one–to–one, onto, both, or neither. Then state whether it is discrete or continuous.

1. y = 3 2. y = 𝑥 2 – 1 3. y = 3x + 2

Find each value if f(x) = –2x + 4.


4. f(12) 5. f(6) 6. f (2b)

Find each value if g(x) = x3 – x.


7. g(5) 8. g(–2) 9. g (7c)

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