Data Warehouse Based Analysis with Integrated

Blood Donation Management System

Giridhar Maji Narayan C Debnath Soumya Sen
Dept. of Electrical Engineering International Society for A.K.Choudhury School of IT
Asansol Polytechnic Computers and Their Applications University of Calcutta
Asansol, India Winona MN 55987, USA Kolkata, India
[email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

Abstract—Blood donation is an important issue throughout the with blood donation and transfusion services are not at all
world to save and manage lives. In order to make this process connected and hence no coordination amongst them. Different
more effective an automated system could be built to monitor and blood banks and hospitals, NGOs work in isolation. One blood
organize blood donation camps. In this paper we developed an bank has no update on inventory of nearby blood banks. To
integrated framework with all related but isolated web based sub alleviate such issues World Health Organization (WHO) has
systems of a blood management system. We propose a data set following goals for all the countries: “Collection of blood,
warehouse (DW) as an integral part of the integrated framework plasma and other blood components from low-risk, regular,
to store historical blood donation data in a centralized database voluntary unpaid donors through the strengthening of donation
for analytical processing. Proposed system would enable the
systems, and effective donor management, including care and
authorities to take informed blood donation camping decision
based on the analytical reports from the DW for some area for a
counseling.”[1].
particular time and citizen demography. Finally, we introduce a Abundant supply of safe blood (donated by reliable donor
new measure of humanity (scoring system for good deeds) of with no infection) can only be possible with a consistent
citizens called Philanthropy Score (PS) and Philanthropy League number of regular, voluntary and unpaid donors. These donors
(PL) derived from PS. In our proposed system after blood are also the safest group of donors as the prevalence of blood
collection at donation camps, few health related details would be borne infections are lowest among this group. World Health
updated in the blood management system database and most Assembly resolution WHA63.12 has asked all its Member
importantly PS of the donor would be updated into the national
States to build national blood management framework based
citizens’ database. A well-advertised communication would allow
the citizens to know about the PS points they can accrue for every
on voluntary unpaid blood donations and to focus on
possible good deed. Blood donation is merely a prototype use of achieving self-sufficiency.
the proposed PS. Our work focuses on the above statement as India is
neither self-sufficient in terms of blood supply to the demands
Keywords-Blood donation campaign management system; nor national level integrated blood management system exists.
philanthropy score; philanthropy league; OLAP; DW schema;
Blood donation camping decisions are taken arbitrarily or
I. INTRODUCTION politically with very low weightage on camping time, location,
donor profile etc. Hence goal of this study is two folds. Firstly,
The Human Blood transfusion becomes inevitable in a lot we model a data warehouse [8] for blood donation camp
of life threatening situations like after an accident, during and management for making informed camping decision along
after surgery, for thalassemia patients (requires regular blood with an integrated framework with all blood system related
transfusion to live) etc. Blood components are also save life in component modules. Secondly it proposes a new measure of
hemorrhagic dengue (platelets counts falls very quickly and humanity and philanthropy coined as philanthropy score (PS)
needs transfusion urgently to save from death), leukemia and a and philanthropy leagues (PL) based on the PS (discussed in
lot other. Artificial Blood is not yet available so only donation the next subsection) that will encourage donors to participate
by other healthy persons (hence depends on humanity and voluntarily for self-esteem and pride.
philanthropy) is the only way to save those victims.
Unfortunately, in most of the developing and under-developed UIDAI (Unique Identification Authority of India) assigned
countries there exist huge shortage of blood. As per current unique 12 digit aadhaar number [3] to every Indian citizen and
statistics in India blood requirement is around 12 million units that has been used as a donor authentication as well as PS
per year for a population of 1.2 billion whereas blood assignment and update key in the proposed system. Almost all
collected is only about 9 million units [2]. Many reasons for developed country has similar kind of national citizen identity
such deficit were identified such as lack of social awareness, which can be utilized otherwise.
public misconception related to being week after blood
donation, lack of motivation and government initiative, no A. Philanthropy Score
recognition etc. Another most important reason is lack of well- We introduce a new measuring scheme to quantify how
organized and centrally managed blood donation and good citizen a person is. This measure will be integer numbers
management system. Even in India different parties associated

978-1-5386-4829-2/18/$31.00 ©2018 IEEE 855

assigned to a citizen for any good deed and accrue over time. in a blood monitoring and management system that
There will be different order or ranks or we can say leagues continuously reports the temperature of the blood bank
based on range of philanthropy score (PS). Some of the refrigerator and tracks the location of a blood pouch for
proposed leagues are: Lion Heart, Golden Heart, Diamond efficient transportation of blood [5]. In a recent work [11]
Heart, Platinum League etc. In this paper we only consider the researchers presented a mobile phone based location-aware
blood donation system hence PS will be given based on blood blood information management system with blood donor
donation count only. But this scheme can be used for any recruitment through standard mobile phone that ensures
other good deeds that are generous, helpful, and any good quality of blood as well as increases operational efficiency and
citizen should do. As our scheme proposes this PS to be user convenience. Researchers in [7] also develops a mobile-
integrated with all citizens’ national identity profile and health application for managing blood donation services using
assigned PS as well as rank/order, so it will be visible and SMS based registration, donor search, emergency alert
verifiable using their unique identity number. Citizens will be messages etc. all using only basic feature phone as internet
assigned different badges once they enter a new league along access is not available in most developing and under
with enhanced benefits on different government services. developed countries. Authors in [6] also proposed and
Publicity and advertisement should be done in such a way so implemented a web based blood management system with
that every people are aware of PS and urge to have higher PS mobile application which is integrated with Google map to
so as to reach a higher league for both the rewards as well as show the registered donor location that is being updated in real
recognition. In our proposed scheme those citizens with higher time from the mobile app installed in the smart phones of
league will have higher priority in all blood banks if they give donors. This system helps in searching nearby donors during
requisition for blood. emergency. A cloud based e-blood application has been
proposed in [12] where both donor and receiver can register
with their blood group and other details and whenever there is
B. UIDAI and UID
a match system will send alert messages to both the parties.
Unique Identity number (popularly known as aadhaar Authors of [13] develop a cloud based blood donation system
number in India) is almost similar in concept to SSN (Social with mobile application to facilitate communication between
Security Number) in United States. It is assigned by statutory donors and blood banks and integrate the blood information
authority known as Unique Identification Authority of India scattered through different blood banks across country.
(UIDAI) established under the provisions of Aadhaar Act Authors in [4] discussed a web based application for procuring
2016[3]. Each Indian citizen supposed to have a unique 12- blood along with UID based authentication to enable
digit number issued by UIDAI as a unique identity proof automated communication between donor and receiver in
document. Government has captured all biometric details such during emergency. Researchers in [14] discussed automation
as retina scan, finger print of all 10 fingers, photo of the face, of different blood donation processes and blood bag labeling
blood group along with other demographic details like name, and classification using machine intelligence. In some
address, date of birth, sex etc. during UID registration. different type of work on use of social media to communicate
Here we propose to use this national unique identity linked between donor and receiver researchers in [15] have done an
data along with some more parameters (mainly blood group in depth analysis with twitter data to show the effectiveness of
and associated details that are collected during blood such informal request and success. Business process
donation) and use them to create a self-sustainable solution to reengineering (BPR) concepts has been applied to a blood
the blood crisis in India with informed decision based on donation system by replacing manual processes and
above donor data and historical camp data. optimizing automation within a conceptual framework with a
case study of National Blood Transfusion Services in Sri
Lanka [9].
II. RELATED STUDY
There are three primary goals of any blood management Authors in [16] has used past blood donation data from
system. First it must ensure supply of safe blood with reliable some blood donation centers and uses analytics to identify the
and quick information exchange between different best location to establish a new blood donation center for
stakeholders. Secondly there should be some reliable methods blood transfusion services along with blood donation trends
of public information dissemination on inventory status of analysis. Researchers in [17] also discussed the development
different blood banks and hospitals with blood group, expiry of automated decision support system with special focus on
date, components availability and other required details. And blood donation and transfusion service. They have also done a
finally there must be some integrated country wide related case study on uses of decision support system in blood
management system that will encompasses all blood donation, bank information systems. We will attempt to design a data
inventory and supply related subsystems together using latest warehouse using past blood donation campaign data as well as
technologies to eradicate the bottlenecks of the system and to UID based authenticated donor data that can be used for
reach out to the prospective voluntary donors as well as decision making with analysis reports using the warehouse.
patients-in-need. More than a decade ago authors in [10] has
proposed a blood management system that will use finger print III. BASIC FRAMEWORK
sensors to reliably identify donors; hence safe blood and RFID Basic framework of the whole smart blood donation
(Radio Frequency Identification) tags with GPRS (General management system is shown in Figure 1. This system
Packet Radio Service) to transmit real time data to the blood manages blood collection, inventory management,
center using internet. RFID technology has also been applied

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distribution, donor management and blood donation camp the nodal blood banks, camp organizers, NGOs etc. This
management along with prior analysis report about success module allows organizing a blood donation camp after
probability and feasibility of any proposed blood donation performing feasibility and yield report analysis using services
camp. The whole system is an integration of some web based from back end DW OLAP tools. It is part of so called Blood
user interfaces, underlying databases, specially designed data transfusion services that coordinate the whole process starting
warehouse for managing blood donation camps and links to from camp management to donor management through
UID database for fetching data based on user’s unique identity receiver transfusion. This module will allow identifying a
number and updating our newly introduced philanthropy score locality based on replies to the SMSes send to the citizens of
(PS). Different components are briefly discussed next. that locality asking them to register for blood donation. As due
to UID integration and DW OLAP report camp management
A. Web Interface already has a good estimate of number of donor with blood
This is the main user interface of the system. It is web group, age group, demographic profile etc., so camp
based application that can be accessed from anywhere with an organizers can fix the date and time for the proposed camp as
internet connection and web browser. This application will be well as can easily estimate on the temporary infrastructure
used by common users/ blood donors/ receivers, Blood banks requirement as well as medical staff required on depute. We
operators/dealing clerks, registered blood donation camp could not find any substantial work on Blood Donation Camp
organizers, nodal hospital officials, central monitoring or management system for the above purposes. Hence this could
nodal agency as well as system administrators for many be taken as a first conceptual framework to address the camp
different purposes. Most of the use cases are easy to identify management issues in an integrated manner along with other
and already proposed and implemented [4-6]. Our proposed blood donation related systems and processes. Detail
system web interface has three basic modules namely Blood workflow, use cases and components of this module is not in
Inventory Management, Donor Management and Camp scope of this work so we plan to explore this module in our
Management. future study.
Blood Inventory management deals with supply and
demand of different blood units as well as blood components B. Operational Database (OLTP)
in an integrated manner. All blood banks in an area are Online transaction processing (OLTP) database is the main
connected through the application so that if blood of some operational database of any web based system that stores the
group is not available in some particular blood bank then from system’s data in normalized relational schema. This schema
the system dealing clerk can inform which nearest blood bank contains the required tables for all web modules as per the data
has it and in what quantity. This type of web application is model of the blood donation management system. Database
already proposed and implemented in some s selected places Schema with use case and class diagrams are discussed in [6]
[4]. It also keeps track of expiry date and proper maintenance for similar kind of system. It consists of relational tables for
and component separation of blood and can be used by blood donor details, receiver details, camp details, user login and
banks as well as associated hospitals [5]. authentication, donation appointment etc.

Blood donor management is similar to user registration C. UID Database and APIs
and their profile maintenance on any social sites. Common Our proposed framework is linked with the country’s
users can register themselves for donating blood voluntarily national identity management database known as Unique
by visiting the web module and registering themselves on the Identity (UID). Indian UID system has APIs for querying user
portal. There will be UID based basic profile details (such as basic profile data using their unique identity number with OTP
name, address, age sex, blood group etc.) verification using based user authentication. So whenever a user registers in the
OTP based authentication. Indian unique identity authority has portal his basic details can be acquired using UID number and
provided API for such verification and this type of system has other required details can be entered by the donor. Similar
also been proposed and prototype implementation done. In UID linked blood pouch procurement system is proposed in
some cases, additional mobile SMS based user interfaces are [4].
also developed keeping the use case same [6, 7].
We propose another update API (not currently available)
Blood donation camp management module is used by to update some more new data fields into database for more

Figure 1. Framework of Smart Blood Donation Management Scheme

857
far reaching applications. These fields can also be updated warehouse only selected fields are loaded like organization
only by authenticated government entities. A data field to type, experience in years etc. This will enable to visualize and
store blood group, Philanthropy Score (PS) and associated compare past performances amongst the different organizers
league. The basic motivational philosophy behind PS is in the past and based on the success trend campaign
already discussed in the introduction. permission can be given to the best organizer.
Camp Location Dimension helps in analyzing past
D. Campaign Management DW and OLAP Tools collections region wise and planning the current camping
This centralized data warehouse will be used to analyze the decision accordingly. Different locality has different geo-
past camping data as well as donors’ data (address, blood political scenarios and local administration and police needs to
group, age group, availability) to understand feasibility of a be involved so camping decisions are location sensitive in
camping decision and yield by organizing a blood donation many ways. Different localities have different types of people
camp in some locality. Normally in Indian context blood (like posh area with mostly high net-worth people, middle
donation camping location and timing decisions are not based class government employees, High ranked government
on data rather purely political or adhoc requirement oriented. officials, slum area with mostly house maids, red light area
Instead of that with this DW in place now such decisions can with very less education and high rate of infected blood etc.)
be taken depending on the well planned long term requirement and depending on the kind of people lives in an area camping
as well as donor response of an area. This DW will collect decisions varies (Like camp timing, advertisement
operational data from mainly Blood donation system OLTP requirement, expected number of donations etc.). Further to it
database with some linked data from UID database. different localities form a hierarchy and during OLAP
reporting data can be aggregated for any level of granularity
This DW will store summarized data as per the proposed starting from local area to block level to state level via district
schema after proper ETL processes. As these DW will also be level. So with this report it will be easy to identify the lowest
centrally secured and only selected key personnel with performing region and more focus can be given and good
authorized user id can access aggregated view of data, so no performing districts can be rewarded for good work. Different
privacy breach occurs. OLAP reporting tools collects the data possible concept hierarchies of location dimension are shown
from DW and let the user view it from many different aspects, in Fig 3(a).
rolls up to more abstract, drills down for details, slice and dice
based on viewing aspects. Similar kind of DW schema has Time is always and inevitable dimension in any DW
been developed in telecom [8] and that has been consulted. In schema as historical data cannot be properly analyzed to its
this study we will identify the DW dimensions and facts and full potential without time attached to it. Blood donation
propose proper schema to model our blood donation camp camps are organized throughout the year but peoples’
system for analysis. response to such camps varies with the timing. It is observed
that during summer blood deficiency increases where as
IV. PROPOSED BLOOD DONATION CAMP DW winter season yields best donations. Concept hierarchies of
time dimension are shown in Fig 3(b). This helps in reporting
Proposed DW schema is shown in Fig. 2 with all identified aggregated summary of blood donation in different time
dimensions and central fact table. Reference key relationship periods.
is also shown in the schema. Proposed schema is adaptable to
extra new data fields related to any of the dimensions as well Donor Demography contains the demographic traits of
as some new or derived measure in fact table. This DW is the donors such as age group, sex, blood group etc. So
supposed to be utilized by different entities with different level analysis based on these features can be easily carried out using
of access privileges depending on which the OLAP reporting these dimensions. Comparison of male and female blood
and data drilldown operation will be restricted. Discussions on donors along with variations with age groups can easily be
the identified dimensions along with dimensional concept reported. Future awareness planning also requires knowing the
hierarchies present follows in the next sub sections. target age group and sex of the population who needs
attention. As mentioned in the introduction that in most of the
countries women share in blood donation is less and young
A. Identified Dimensions population donates the most. Now with this DW in place we
Camp Organizer Dimension is one of the most important will be able to calculate these statistics for each locality, block
dimensions in our warehouse. It contains a primary key which or district and summarize for the whole country. It will also
acts as a foreign key in the fact table. It contains details related allow us to concentrate on the weak areas for each region
to the organization or NGO (non-government organization) or separately instead of forcing the same awareness scheme over
local clubs or a college student union etc. whoever arranges a all the states. Concept hierarchies based on blood-group and
blood donation campaign. It normally happens that the same age-group are formed in fig 3(c) and 3(d).
organizers continue to arrange such campaigns throughout the
years in some locality. So number of such organizers who are Campaign Nodal Center stores the details of the state or
authorized to arrange such campaigns are not many, may be a district nodal center or government hospitals acting as the
few hundred or thousands in a state. Blood management nodal center for blood donation activities. A nodal center
system’s operational database capture and stores a lot of coordinates and manages all camp organizers and related
details about such organizers while they register and apply for activities of the concerned region. Nodal center is responsible
organizing health camp or blood donation camps. In our for the supervising blood banks under its hood and meeting its

858
 DIM_Donor_Demography DIM_Communication
Donor Demography key Comm_Key
Blood Group
RH_Indicator Comm. Medium
Age Group Is_Registered
Sex Registration Mode
Is Eligible
Philanthrophy League FACT_Blood_Donation_Camp
DIM_Camp_Nodal_Cente
Numeric Primary key
DIM_Camp_Organiser Donor Demography key Nodal_Center_ Key
Comm. Key Nodal_Center_Name
Camp_Organiser Key Camp Organiser Key
Organiser Name Time Key Parent_hospital
Organisation Type Nodal Center Key Nodal In Charge
Experience in Years Camp Location key
…
Donated Units Count
DIM Time Donor Count DIM Camp Location
…
Time key Camp Location key
Day Locality Name
Week Block-Police Station
Month Block
Season
District
Year
State
Is special day
… Country
Figure 2. A model DW schema for Blood Donation Camping Analysis
blood collection target. Report summary will eventually be by replying to the SMS sent. Then registered participants can
done for each nodal for comparison and further planning be updated about the venue, schedule and if there is any free
hence it becomes an important dimension to our warehouse health check is available during blood donation. It has to be
schema. Large central Blood banks may also be appointed as well advertised about the PS and its benefits along with the
nodal center by the central blood management authority. order/rank they will reach after such as community service.
Communication dimension holds the details about how a After blood donation, any important health update or
donor has been communicated about blood donation camp
details that are going to be setup in his/her area. Donor can be Country Year
communicated by sending SMS to their unique identity linked
mobile number, they can be emailed or even can be advertised State Season
in the local media, spot announcement etc. Donor will be able
to register themselves through more than one ways. For District Month
example, they can directly register in the web module, they
can register by sending reply SMS, or even they can spot Block Week
register during the campaign. So this dimension will allow us
to investigate the percentage uses of different communication Locality Day
medium. Instead of traditional methods of communication
(a) (b)
newer technology enhanced methods can be utilized and
effectiveness of all these can be analyzed with past data with
the help of this dimension and OLAP tools.

V. THE SCENARIO
In the proposed DW a particular area is selected and a
particular day of some month is considered, then we will have (c)
a rough idea of number of eligible persons exists in that area
with their blood group who might donate blood if a camp is
setup. With a detail drill down operation on national unique
identity database will allow to send SMS communication to
those citizens about the camp schedule. Also depending on the
requirement and storage capacity of the nearby blood bank,
only selected group of persons can be called once they register
(d)
Figure 3. Concept hierarchies of selected dimensions

859
 information has to be updated in the database along with last and more humanitarian acts. Blood donation is merely one of
donation date and PS achieved. many possible good deeds. In our future work we plan to
explore the generic mathematical model for the above scores
A. Other Uses of the Model along with different donor grouping using data mining tools.
Once this system gets connected to hospital critical care
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