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Thermodynamics II Assignment 3: C R I H H I R H H

1. The document outlines 10 thermodynamics assignment problems involving concepts like refrigeration cycles, power cycles, heat pumps, phase changes, and entropy. Problems involve calculating efficiency, temperatures, pressures, energies, entropies and determining if processes satisfy the second law of thermodynamics. 2. One problem involves determining the minimum theoretical final temperature and maximum theoretical work for a thermodynamic power cycle operating between two incompressible bodies initially at different temperatures. 3. Another problem calculates the entropy change when 2200 kJ of energy is transferred to 5 L of saturated liquid water under constant pressure, causing it to become steam.

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Priyanshu
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161 views2 pages

Thermodynamics II Assignment 3: C R I H H I R H H

1. The document outlines 10 thermodynamics assignment problems involving concepts like refrigeration cycles, power cycles, heat pumps, phase changes, and entropy. Problems involve calculating efficiency, temperatures, pressures, energies, entropies and determining if processes satisfy the second law of thermodynamics. 2. One problem involves determining the minimum theoretical final temperature and maximum theoretical work for a thermodynamic power cycle operating between two incompressible bodies initially at different temperatures. 3. Another problem calculates the entropy change when 2200 kJ of energy is transferred to 5 L of saturated liquid water under constant pressure, causing it to become steam.

Uploaded by

Priyanshu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Thermodynamics II Assignment 3 200 Marks

1. A reversible refrigeration cycle R and an irreversible refrigeration cycle I operate


between the same two reservoirs and each removes heat QC from the cold reservoir.
The net work input required by R is WR, while the net work input for I is WI. The
reversible cycle discharges heat QH to the hot reservoir, while the irreversible cycle
discharges Q’H. Show that WI >WR and Q’H > QH. (10)

2. A reversible power cycle receives energy Q1 and Q2 from hot reservoirs at


temperatures T1 and T2, respectively, and discharges energy Q3 to a cold reservoir at
temperature T3.
(a) Obtain an expression for the thermal efficiency in terms of the ratios T1/T3, T2/T3,
q = Q2/Q1.
(b) Discuss the result of part (a) in each of these limits: lim. q  0, lim. q  ∞,
lim. T1  ∞. (20)

3. A system undergoes a thermodynamic power cycle while receiving energy by heat


transfer from an incompressible body of mass m and specific heat c initially at
temperature TH. The system undergoing the cycle discharges energy by heat transfer
to another incompressible body of mass m and specific heat c initially at a lower
temperature TC. Work is developed by the cycle until the temperature of each of the
two bodies is the same, T’.
(a) Develop an expression for the minimum theoretical final temperature, T’, in terms
of m, c, TH, and TC, as required.
(b) Develop an expression for the maximum theoretical amount of work that can be
developed, Wmax, in terms of m, c, TH, and TC, as required.
(c) What is the minimum theoretical work input that would be required by a
refrigeration cycle to restore the two bodies from temperature T’ to their respective
initial temperatures, TH and TC? (30)

4. A completely reversible heat pump produces heat at a rate of 300 kW to warm a house
maintained at 24oC. The exterior air, which is at 7oC, serves as the source. Calculate
the rate of entropy change of the two reservoirs and determine if this heat pump
satisfies the second law according to the increase of entropy principle. (15)

5. An insulated piston–cylinder device contains 5 L of saturated liquid water at a


constant pressure of 150 kPa. An electric resistance heater inside the cylinder is now
turned on, and 2200 kJ of energy is transferred to the steam. Determine the entropy
change of the water during this process. (15)

6. Refrigerant-134a is expanded isentropically from 600 kPa and 70oC at the inlet of a
steady-flow turbine to 100 kPa at the outlet. The outlet area is 1 m2, and the inlet area
is 0.5 m2. Calculate the inlet and outlet velocities when the mass flow rate is 0.75
kg/s. (15)

7. 2-kg of saturated water vapor at 600 kPa are contained in a piston-cylinder device.
The water expands adiabatically until the pressure is 100 kPa and is said to produce
700 kJ of work output.
(a) Determine the entropy change of the water, in kJ/kg·K.
(b) Is this process realistic? Using the T-s diagram for the process and the concepts of
second law, support your answer. (15)

8. In a Carnot engine with ammonia as the working fluid, the high temperature is TH =
60◦ C, and as QH is received the ammonia changes from saturated liquid to saturated
vapour. The ammonia pressure at the low temperature is Plow = 190 kPa. Find TL, the
cycle thermal efficiency, the heat added per kilogram, and the entropy, s, at the
beginning of the heat rejection process. (30)

9. Water in a piston/cylinder device at 400◦Cand 2000 kPa is expanded in a reversible


adiabatic process. The specific work is measured to be 415.72 kJ/kg out. Find the
final P and T and show the P–v and the T–s diagrams for the process. (20)

10. Two kilograms of liquid lead initially at 500◦C are poured into a form. It then cools at
constant pressure down to room temperature of 20◦C as heat is transferred to the
room. The melting point of lead is 327◦C, and the enthalpy change between the
phases, hif , is 24.6 kJ/kg. The specific heats for solid and molten lead are found in
the Thermodynamic Tables uploaded previously. Calculate the net entropy change for
the mass. (30)

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