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MPPU 1024 Research Methods in Education: (Comparison Between Grounded Theory, Ethnography, Narrative & Case Study)

This document compares four qualitative research approaches: grounded theory, ethnography, narrative research, and case study. Grounded theory aims to develop a theory grounded in data from the field. Ethnography focuses on describing and interpreting the patterns of a culture-sharing group. Narrative research explores the life of an individual by studying their stories. Case study provides an in-depth analysis of a case or multiple cases. While the approaches have some similarities, such as collecting interview and observation data, they differ in their research focus, unit of analysis, and nature of the disciplinary origins and data analysis processes. Grounded theory emphasizes developing a new theory, ethnography aims to understand a cultural group, narrative focuses on individual

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Kamarul Khamis
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79 views3 pages

MPPU 1024 Research Methods in Education: (Comparison Between Grounded Theory, Ethnography, Narrative & Case Study)

This document compares four qualitative research approaches: grounded theory, ethnography, narrative research, and case study. Grounded theory aims to develop a theory grounded in data from the field. Ethnography focuses on describing and interpreting the patterns of a culture-sharing group. Narrative research explores the life of an individual by studying their stories. Case study provides an in-depth analysis of a case or multiple cases. While the approaches have some similarities, such as collecting interview and observation data, they differ in their research focus, unit of analysis, and nature of the disciplinary origins and data analysis processes. Grounded theory emphasizes developing a new theory, ethnography aims to understand a cultural group, narrative focuses on individual

Uploaded by

Kamarul Khamis
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MPPU 1024

Research Methods in Education

Perbandingan Antara Teori Asas, Etnografi, Naratif & Kajian Kes

(Comparison between Grounded Theory, Ethnography, Narrative & Case Study)

Norazah binti Mustapha

17 Mac 2019

Nama Pensyarah :

1. PM Dr. Zainudin bin Abu Bakar

2. PM Dr. M. Al-Muzammil Yasin


Comparison between Grounded Theory, Ethnography, Narrative & Case Study

Narrative research, ethnography, and case study research may seem similar when the unit of
analysis is a single individual. True, one may approach the study of a single individual from
any of these three approaches, however, the types of data one would collect and analyse
would differ considerably.

In narrative research, the inquirer focuses on the stories told from the individual and
arranges these stories often in chronological order, in ethnography, the focus is on setting
the individuals’ stories within the context of their culture and culture-sharing group, in case
study research, the single case is typically selected to illustrate an issue, and the researcher
compiles a detailed description of the setting for the case.

Our approach is to recommend, if the researcher wants to study a single individual,


the narrative approach or a single case study because ethnography is a much broader picture
of the culture. Then when comparing a narrative study and a single case to study a single
individual, we feel that the narrative approach is seen as more appropriate because narrative
studies tend to focus on a single individual whereas case studies often involve more than one
case. The process of developing research problem for a specific approach.

Moreover, although overlaps exist in discipline origin, some approaches have single-
disciplinary traditions.

Grounded
Comparisons Ethnography Narrative Case Study
Theory
Developing an in-
Developing a Describing and
Exploring the depth description
Research focus on theory grounded interpreting a
life of an and analysis of a
paper in data from the culture-sharing
individual. case or multiple
field. group.
cases.
Studying a
process, an Studying a Studying an event, a
Studying one or
action, or an group that program, an activity,
Unit of Analysis more
interaction shares the same or more than one
individuals.
involving many culture. individual.
individuals.
Type of research Grounding a Describing and Needing to tell Providing an in-
interpreting the
problem best theory in the stories of
shared patterns depth understanding
suited for views of individual
of culture of a of a case or cases.
approach participants. experiences.
group.
Drawing from
the humanities
Drawing from
including
Nature of Drawing from psychology,
Drawing from anthropology,
disciplinary anthropology law, political
sociology. literature,
origins and sociology. science, and
history,
medicine.
psychology and
sociology.
Using primarily
observations Using multiple
Using primarily and interviews sources, such as
Using primarily
Form of data interviews with but perhaps interviews,
interviews and
collection 20 to 60 collecting other observations,
documents
individuals sources during documents, and
extended time artifacts.
in field

The approaches employ similar data collection processes, including, in varying


degrees, interviews, observations, documents, and audiovisual material. The differences are
apparent in terms of emphasis, for example, more observations in ethnography and more
interview in grounded theory.

At the data analysis stage, the differences are most pronounced. Not only is the
distinction one of specify of the analysis phase where grounded theory most specific,
narrative research less defined but the number of steps to be undertaken can vary (extensive
steps in phenomenology, fewer steps in ethnography). A theory, often portrayed in a visual
model, emerges in grounded theory, and a holistic view of how a culture-sharing group work
results in an ethnography. An in-depth study of a bounded system or a case becomes a case
study.

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