Presentado A:

Maria Carolina Aristizabal Gomez

Fisioterapia Actividad Física y Salud A3

Integrantes:

Julieth Lorena Ramirez Guio

Karem Alejandra Parra Maldonado
Samira Soledad Arcos Feria
Adriana Paola Gonzalez Rincon

Tarea
​E.C.N.T. 3

Bogota D.C
2020-I
 ASTHMA COPD

Definition Chronic inflammatory disease of the airway,characterized by Inflammation, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a disease of the airways

bronchial hyperactivity leading to recurrent episodes of wheezing and characterized by difficulty in mobilizing air, especially during expiration.

bronchospasm, manifested by cough, dyspnea, chest tightness, wheezing,

associated with variable airflow limitation that is often reversible

spontaneously or with treatment.

Generalities It is a disease that causes the airways to swell and narrow. This causes A respiratory disease characterized by persistent symptoms and a chronic

wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and cough limitation to air flow, caused mainly by tobacco. Airflow limitation manifests

with dyspnea and is usually progressive. Another symptom may be chronic

cough, with or without expectoration.

Symptom ● You may have asthma attacks infrequently, symptoms only at certain The main warning signs are:

times, such as when you exercise, or symptoms at all times.

 ● Shortness of breath ● Cough with expectoration of mucus.

● Pain or tightness in the chest ● Difficulty breathing (dyspnea), which worsens with activity and

● Sleeping problems caused by shortness of breath, cough, or wheezing effort.

● A wheezing or whistling sound when breathing out (wheezing when ● Whistles and noises when breathing (snoring and wheezing).

breathing is a common sign of asthma in children) ● Greater frequency of respiratory exacerbations due to viral and / or

● Coughing or wheezing that gets worse with a respiratory virus, such as bacterial infections.

a cold or flu. ● Tiredness and apathy.

Signs ● Cough that sometimes wakes you up at night. ● Difficulty breathing, especially during physical activity

● Wheezing or a hissing sound when you breathe. You can hear more ● Whistle when breathing

when you breathe out. It may start as a low whistle as the volume ● Chest pressure

increases. ● Having to clear your throat early in the morning, due to excess mucus

● Breathing problems including shortness of breath, feeling short of in the lungs

breath, running out of air, having trouble breathing, or breathing faster ● A chronic cough that can produce mucus (sputum), which can be

than normal. When breathing becomes very difficult, the skin on the clear, white, yellow, or greenish

chest and neck may sag. ● Blue color on the lips or nail beds (cyanosis)
 ● Frequent respiratory infections

● Lack of energy Involuntary weight loss (in the more advanced stages)

● Swelling in the ankles, feet, or legs

Causes The cause of asthma is not always clear. However, there are often factors that The main cause of COPD is smoking. The more a person smokes, the more

can trigger the symptoms. The most common reactions include: likely they are to develop COPD. But some people smoke for years and never

● Respiratory infection- such as a cold or flu. have this disease.

● Irritations caused by dust, cigarettes and various fumes or In a few cases, nonsmokers who lack a protein called alpha-1 antitrypsin may

vapors. develop emphysema.

● Chemical products (and other substances) found in the ● Exposure to certain gases or fumes in the workplace

workplace- is the so-called professional asthma. ● Exposure to considerable amounts of pollution or indirect cigarette

● Allergies to pollen, medicines, animals, house dust mites or smoke.

certain food products, especially preservatives and dyes. ● Frequent use of fire for cooking without proper ventilation

● Exercise, especially in cold or dry environments.

● Emotions- loud laughter or screaming can cause symptoms, by

stress.
 ● Medicines- certain medicines can cause asthma.

Classification ● Intermittent asthma:​ A child who has symptoms of shortness of GOLD classification of functional severity of COPD.

breath and coughing fits no more than 2 days a week is considered to

have intermittent asthma; nighttime seizures occur twice a month at Grade Pulmonary function
most. Outside of these few episodes, a child with intermittent asthma FEV 1/FVC<70%
does not have asthma symptoms.
I Mild FEV 1≥80%
● Mild persistent asthma: ​In mild persistent asthma, symptoms occur

more than twice a week but less than once a day, and seizures can II Moderate FEV 1 ≥ 50 and <80% of predicted.

affect activity. Nighttime seizures occur more frequently than twice a

III Severe FEV1≥ 30 and <50% of predicted.
month but less than once a week. Lung function is 80% of normal or

more. IV Very severe FEV1≥ 30%, or <50% of that predicted with the

● Persistent moderate asthma: ​Asthma is classified as persistent presence of respiratory failure (PaO2 <60

moderate if symptoms occur daily. Crises do occur and generally last mmHg) and / or the presence of Cor Pulmonale.

for several days. Coughing and shortness of breath can disrupt a child's

normal activities and make it difficult to sleep. Nighttime seizures can

 occur more than once a week. In moderate persistent asthma, lung

function is almost 60% to 80% of normal, without treatment.

● Severe persistent asthma: ​In severe persistent asthma, symptoms

occur daily and frequently. They also frequently restrict the child's

activities or disturb his sleep. Lung function is less than 60% of the

normal level without treatment. The severe level of asthma is the least

common.

Medical ● Inhaled corticosteroids.:​These anti-inflammatory drugs include ● Bronchodilators: ​Bronchodilators relax the muscles around the

treatment fluticasone, budesonide, flunisolide, ciclesonide, beclomethasone. airways. This opens them up and makes it easier to breathe

● Theophylline:​ It is a daily pill that helps keep the airways open ● Inhaled steroids​:Inhaled corticosteroid medications can reduce

(bronchodilator) by relaxing the muscles around the airways. inflammation of the airways and help prevent flare-ups.

● Long-acting beta agonists:​ These inhalation medications, which ● Oral steroids:​For people who have a moderate or severe flare-up,

include salmeterol, open the airways. short treatments (for example, five days) with oral corticosteroids

● Oral and intravenous corticosteroids: ​These medications, such as prevent worsening of COPD.

prednisone and methylprednisolone, relieve inflammation of the ● Phosphodiesterase type 4 inhibitors:​A new type of medicine
 airways caused by severe asthma. approved for people with COPD.

Physiotherapy The Respiratory Physiotherapy treatment in asthma must be carried out in the ● Targeted respiratory exercises: EDIC, RIM,

Treatment inter-crisis periods, never in times of crisis. Through respiratory exercises, the ● Cough education to promote the expulsion of mucus: TEF,

respiratory and chest muscles will be worked to strengthen or relax the ● Vibration: Flutter, ACapella.

different muscles. The drainage of secretions is also important, as well as the ● Exercise program: physical therapists will be able to work on

acquisition of a correct respiratory pattern. The Respiratory Physiotherapy exercises adapted to improve their posture (global postural

treatment is completed with relaxation techniques and respiratory control to be reeducation), make the rib cage more flexible, the MMII and the

able to face and even control asthma attacks MMSS, to achieve a readaptation to the efforts of daily life (carrying

bags, going up / down stairs / piggyback, make bed, lift objects

Prevention ● Use anti-mite mattresses or use covers of this type. ● The best way to prevent COPD is to not start smoking or quit

● Keep the house dust free. Vacuum every day and avoid the smoking.

accumulation of objects, carpets and rugs, elements on which dust is ● Avoid lung irritants that can contribute to COPD, such as polluted air,

usually deposited. chemical fumes, dust, and secondhand smoke, which is smoke from

● Avoid humid environments, especially if there are signs of humidity other smokers that is in the air.

spots, where it is easy for fungal colonies to form.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

● Martínez-Moratalla J, Almar E, Sunyer J, Ramos J, Pereira A, Payo F, et al. Estudio Europeo del Asma. Identificación y tratamiento de individuos con criterios

epidemiológicos de asma en adultos jóvenes de cinco áreas españolas. Arch Bronconeumol. 1999;35:223-8

● Jorge Salas Hernández, Margarita Fernández Vega, Víctor Manuel Almeida Arvizu..Clasificacion del asma.neumologia y cirugia d e torax.

● Segundo consenso mexicano para el diagnóstico y tratamiento de la EPOC. Revista del Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias y de la Sociedad Mexicana de

Neumología y Cirugía de Tórax. Edición especial. 2003: 9-13.

● . Àlvar A., Bartolomé C. (2005). Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica. Barcelona: MASSON S.A.

● Plaza V, Álvarez FJ, Casan P, Cobos N, López Viña A, Llauger MA, et al. Guía Española para el Manejo del Asma (GEMA 2003). Arch Bronconeumol. 2003;39 Supl

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