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Microprocessor Based DC Motor Speed Control System

This document describes a microprocessor-based DC motor speed control system that uses an SCR controlled rectifier to vary the motor's armature voltage and control its speed. The microprocessor measures the motor's actual speed using a tachogenerator and ADC, compares it to the desired speed input by the user, and uses a control algorithm to adjust the SCR firing angle and regulate the speed.

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Daksh Shah
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378 views12 pages

Microprocessor Based DC Motor Speed Control System

This document describes a microprocessor-based DC motor speed control system that uses an SCR controlled rectifier to vary the motor's armature voltage and control its speed. The microprocessor measures the motor's actual speed using a tachogenerator and ADC, compares it to the desired speed input by the user, and uses a control algorithm to adjust the SCR firing angle and regulate the speed.

Uploaded by

Daksh Shah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Microprocessor Based DC Motor Speed Control System

•    Varying  the  armature  voltage  varies  the  speed  of  the  dc  motor  and  e  field  voltage  is  kept
constant.  A  controlled  rectifier  using  SCR  develops  the  required  armature  voltage  and  the
uncontrolled rectifier generates the required field voltage.

•    The microprocessor controls the speed of the motor by varying the firing angle of SCRs in the
controlled rectifier.
•    The system has EPROM for system program storage, and RAM for  temporary data storage and
stack.

•    A keyboard has been provided to input the desired speed and other commands to operate the system.

•    In order to display the speed of the  motor, 7-segment LED display has been provided. The keyboard 
and  7-segment  LED  display  has  been  interfaced  to  8085  based  system  using Keyboard display
controller INTEL 8279.

•    The speed of the dc motor is measured using a tachogenerator. It produces an analog voltage
proportional to the speed of the motor.

•    Then  the  analog  signal  is  scaled  to  desired  level  by  the  signal  conditioning  circuit  and
digitized  using  ADC.  (The  processor  cannot  process  the  analog  signal  directly,  hence  the analog
signal is digitized using ADC).

•    The  ADC  is  interlaced  to  8085  processor  through  the  port-B  and  port-C  of  8255.  The
processor  can  send  a  start  of  conversion  to  ADC  through  port-C  pin  and  at  the  end  of
conversion it can read the digital data from port-B of 8255. This digital data is proportional to actual
speed.

•    The processor calculates the actual speed and displays it on LEDs.

•    Also,  the  processor  compares  the  actual  speed  with  desired  speed  entered  by  the  operator
through the keyboard. If there  is  a  difference  then the  error  is estimated.  The error  can  be modified 
by  a  digital  control  algorithm,  (P/PI/PID/FUZZY  logic  control  algorithm)  to produce a digital control
signal.

•    The digital control signal is converted to analog signal by the DAC. The analog signal is used
to alter the firing angle of SCRS in the controlled rectifiers. The operational the speed control system is
shown in the following flowchart.

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