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Assignment 3: Derivatives, Maxima and Minima, Rolle's Theorem

1. The document contains 10 problems related to derivatives, maxima and minima, and Rolle's theorem. 2. The problems cover topics like differentiability of functions, properties of even and odd functions, applying Rolle's theorem to prove existence of roots, finding maxima/minima of functions, and using derivatives to find real roots of equations. 3. The solutions provided detailed working and explanations for each problem.

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vishaldeep
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72 views2 pages

Assignment 3: Derivatives, Maxima and Minima, Rolle's Theorem

1. The document contains 10 problems related to derivatives, maxima and minima, and Rolle's theorem. 2. The problems cover topics like differentiability of functions, properties of even and odd functions, applying Rolle's theorem to prove existence of roots, finding maxima/minima of functions, and using derivatives to find real roots of equations. 3. The solutions provided detailed working and explanations for each problem.

Uploaded by

vishaldeep
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Assignment 3 : Derivatives, Maxima and Minima, Rolle’s

Theorem
1. (T) Show that the function f (x) = x | x | is differentiable at 0. More generally,
if f is continuous at 0, then g(x) = xf (x) is differentiable at 0.
½
x sin x1 x 6= 0
2. (T) Examine the function f (x) = for differentiability.
0 x=0
½ 2
x sin x1 x 6= 0
3. (D) Show that the function f (x) = is differentiable at all
0 x=0
x ∈ R. Also show that the function f 0 (x) is not continuous at x = 0. Thus, a
function that is differentiable at every point of R need not have a continuous
derivative f 0 (x).

4. (T) Prove that if f : R−→R is an even function (i.e., f (−x) = f (x) for all
x ∈ R) and has a derivative at every point, then the derivative f 0 is an odd
function (i.e.,f (−x) = −f (x) for all x ∈ R).

5. (D) Let f (0) = 0 and f 0 (0) = 1. For a positive integerk, show that
1n x x x o 1 1
lim f (x) + f ( ) + f ( ) + ... + f ( ) = 1 + + ... +
x→0 x 2 3 k 2 k

6. (T) Show that among all triangles with given base and the corresponding vertex
angle, the isosceles triangle has the maximum area.

7. (D) Prove that the equation x13 + 7x3 − 5 = 0 has exactly one real root.

8. (T) Show that exactly two real values of x satisfy the equation x2 = xsinx +
cosx.

9. (T) Suppose f is continuous on [a, b], differentiable on (a, b) and satisfies


f 2 (a) − f 2 (b) = a2 − b2 . The show that the equation f 0 (x)f (x) = x has at least
one root in (a, b).

10. (D) Let f and g be functions, continuous on [a, b], differentiable on (a, b)
and let f (a) = f (b) = 0. Prove that there is a point c ∈ (a, b) such that
g 0 (c)f (c) + f 0 (c) = 0.

Digitally signed by
MTH101R

MTH101R DN: cn=MTH101R, o, ou,


[email protected], c=US
Date: 2011.01.25 13:02:25
+05'30'
Assignment 3 - Solutions
g(h)−g(0)
1. Let g(x) = xf (x). Then lim h
= lim f (h) = f (0).
h→0 h→0

f (h)−f (0)
2. f 0 (0) does not exist as lim h
= lim sin h1 , which doesn’t exist.
h→0 h→0

3. Using the sandwich theorem, we can see lim h sin h1 = 0. Therefore, f is differentiable
h→0
at 0 and f 0 (0) = 0.
Now,
2x sin x1 − cos x1 x 6= 0

0
f (x) =
0 x=0

Since lim cos h1 does not exist, f 0 (x) is not continuous at 0.


h→0

f (−x+h)−f (−x) f (x−h)−f (x) f (x+k)−f (x)


4. f 0 (−x) = lim h
= lim h
= − lim k
= −f 0 (x).
h→0 h→0 k→0

5. lim x1 (f (x) + f ( x2 ) + f ( x3 ) + · · · + f ( xk )) =
x→0
x x
1 f ( 2 )−f (0) 1 f ( k )−f (0)
lim ( f (x)−f
x
(0)
+ 2 x + ··· + k x ) = 1 + 12 + · · · + k1 .
x→0 2 k

6. Let ABC be a triangle. Suppose BAC


[ = θ and BC = a are fixed. Let CBA
[ =
x y a
β, BCA
[ = α, BA = x and AC = y. Since
sinα
= sinβ = sinθ , we have

1 1 sinαsinβ 1 sinαsin(θ + α)
A = xysinθ = a2 = a2
2 2 sinθ 2 sinθ

which is a function of α. Note that dA


dα
= 12 a2 sin(θ+2α)
sinθ
= 0 implies that α = 12 (π − θ).

7. Let f (x) = x13 + 7x3 − 5. Here, f (x) < 0 ∀ x ≤ 0, f (0) = −5 and f (1) = 3. By the
intermediate value property, there exists c ∈ (0, 1), such that f (c) = 0. So, f has at
least one real root.
If f has more than one real roots, (from above) they must all be positive. But,
f 0 (x) = x2 (13x10 + 21) 6= 0 unless x = 0. Since f 0 (x) has no positive root, f has atmost
one real root.

8. By the intermediate value property, we know that f (x) = x2 − xsinx − cosx has real
roots in (− π2 , 0) and (0, π2 ). Since f 0 (x) has only one real root x = 0, by Rolles theorem,
f (x) = 0 can have only two real roots.

9. Let h(x) = f (x)2 − x2 . Use Rolle’s Theorem.

10. Define h(x) = f (x)eg(x) . Here, h(x) is continuous in [a, b] and differentiable in (a, b).
Since h(a) = h(b) = 0, by Rolle’s theorem, ∃ c ∈ (a, b) such that h0 (c) = 0.
Since h0 (x) = [f 0 (x) + g 0 (x)f (x)]eg(x) and eα 6= 0 for any α ∈ R, we see that f 0 (c) +
g 0 (c)f (c) = 0.

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