Task Sheet Names USI Task Carried Out in Report: All Members Assisted in Conducting The Presentation

Task Sheet
Names USI Task Carried Out in Report

Ronel Hintzen 1035422 Information
Isaiah Bristol 1033639 Theoretical Information
Anton Fileen 1035418 Appendices
Dashawn Fausette 1033502 Content Page, Cover Page
Ajay Gowkarran 1035482 Gathered Information
Nicholas Gouveia 1035431 Compiled Data
Ganeshram Deokisson 1032063 Introduction
Jeshon Henry 1035419 Printed
Saeed Khan 1032149 Compiled Data
LaPhonso Austin 1035442 Information
James Serieux 1035425 Compiled Information
Shan Singh 1035474 Compiled Introduction and Information.
All Members Assisted in Conducting the Presentation.
INTRODUCTION
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Plastics are the most versatile materials ever invented, and have become a universal material,
used for everything from water bottles to wings on combat aircraft. Plastic materials display
properties that are unique when compared to other materials and have contributed greatly to
quality of our everyday life. At this moment, you are almost certain to be touching plastic. Yet,
while plastics play such an important role, we do not always understand the fundamental
concepts of their production, compounding, end properties, and use.
WHAT ARE PLASTICS?
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Plastic is a material consisting of any of a wide range of synthetic or semi-synthetic organic
compounds that are malleable and can be molded into solid objects. Plastics are typically organic
polymers of high molecular mass, but they often contain other substance. They are usually
synthetic, most commonly derived from petrochemicals.
TYPES OF PLASTICS
 Thermoplastic - Thermoplastics can be reversibly softened by heat and hardened by

cooling; thus, they can be repeatedly reshaped by application of heat.
 Thermosetting - thermosetting plastics (thermosets) once formed and thus having

undergone curing, acquire a fixed, unchangeable shape.
COMPANIES THAT MANUFACTURE PLASTIC PRODUCTS IN

GUYANA
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 Flexo-Tech
 Fibre-Tech Industrial Services
 Gafoors
 EBI Automotive Plastics
 NPG Packaging
 Bank DIH
REFINERY OF PLASTICS
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Plastics are derived from natural, organic materials such as cellulose, coal, natural gas, salt and,
of course, crude oil. Crude oil is a complex mixture of thousands of compounds and needs to be
processed before it can be used. The production of plastics begins with the distillation of crude
oil in an oil refinery. This separates the heavy crude oil into groups of lighter components, called
fractions. Each fraction is a mixture of hydrocarbon chains (chemical compounds made up of
carbon and hydrogen), which differ in terms of the size and structure of their molecules. One of
these fractions, naphtha, is the crucial compound to produce plastics. Two main processes are
used to produce plastics, polymerization and polycondensation - and they both require specific
catalysts. In a polymerization reactor, monomers such as ethylene and propylene are linked
together to form long polymer chains. Each polymer has its own properties, structure and size
depending on the various types of basic monomers used.
METHODS OF FORMING THERMOPLASTICS AND THERMOSETTING PLASTICS

IN GUYANA.
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 Extrusion molding - is a process that the stack of powders or the green body in die is
pushed out to assume another form of green body or other final product under pressure.
The cold extruding process is applied to mixtures of metal powders and organic binders,
and extruding is performed at low temperatures (40–200 °C) to form the green body. The
processes include material preparation, preprocessing, extruding, cutting, and reforming.
The porous products can be obtained after drying, pre-sintering, and sintering of the
extruded green body. It is an effective way to produce a long porous tube with a small
diameter.
 Injection molding - is a manufacturing process for producing parts by injecting molten

material into a mould. Injection molding can be performed with a host of materials
mainly including metals, glasses, elastomers, confections, and most commonly
thermoplastic and thermosetting polymers. Material for the part is fed into a heated
barrel, mixed (Using a helical shaped screw), and injected (Forced) into a mould cavity,
where it cools and hardens to the configuration of the cavity.
 Blow molding - is a manufacturing process that is used to create hollow plastic parts by
inflating a heated plastic tube until it fills a mold and forms the desired shape. The raw
material in this process is a thermoplastic in the form of small pellets or granules, which
is first melted and formed into a hollow tube, called the parison. There are various ways
of forming the parison, as explained below. The parison is then clamped between two
mold halves and inflated by pressurized air until it conforms to the inner shape of the
mold cavity. Typical pressures are 25 to 150 psi, far less than for injection molding.
Lastly, after the part has cooled, the mold halves are separated, and the part is ejected.
 Rotational molding - The concept of rotational moulding is very simple. A plastic

material, normally in powder form is placed into a hollow mould, usually made from cast
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aluminum or fabricated from sheet steel. The mould is closed and rotated slowly on two
axis. The mould is then heated in an oven whilst rotating and the polymer gradually melts
and ‘lays-up’ on the inside of the mould. Once the polymer powder has fully melted the
mould is moved to a cooling station and cooled usually with air and sometimes a fine
mist of water. As the mould cools the part solidifies. When the material has finally cooled
sufficiently to release away from the mould surface the process is stopped and the
product is taken out of the mould.
 Transfer moulding - is a manufacturing process where casting material is forced into a

mold. Transfer molding is different from compression molding in that the mold is
enclosed rather than open to the fill plunger resulting in higher dimensional tolerances
and less environmental impact. Compared to injection molding, transfer molding uses
higher pressures to uniformly fill the mold cavity. This allows thicker reinforcing fiber
matrices to be more completely saturated by resin. Furthermore, unlike injection molding
the transfer mold casting material may start the process as a solid. This can reduce
equipment costs and time dependency. The transfer process may have a slower fill rate
than an equivalent injection molding process.
REFERENCES
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Mishra, Gopal. 2014. The Contractor Civil Engineering Home. 8 21. Accessed 11 14, 2019.
https://theconstructor.org/concrete/concrete-slump-test/1558/.
Dashore, Akshay. The Constructor Civil Engineering Home. 2019.

https://theconstructor.org/building/building-material/plastics/34520/ (accessed November 6,
2019).
Daily Civil. 2019. Daily Civil. Accessed 11 15, 2019. http://dailycivil.com/plastics-production/
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APPENDIX
Figure 1: showing a diagrammatic representation of extrusion moulding
Figure 2: showing a diagrammatic representation of injection moulding
Figure 3: showing a schematic representation of blown moulding
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APPENDIX
Figure 4: showing a diagrammatic representation of transfer moulding
Figure 5: showing a diagrammatic representation of rotational moulding
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WHAT ARE PLASTICS?

 Thermoplastic - Thermoplastics can be reversibly softened by heat and hardened by

 Thermosetting - thermosetting plastics (thermosets) once formed and thus having

COMPANIES THAT MANUFACTURE PLASTIC PRODUCTS IN

METHODS OF FORMING THERMOPLASTICS AND THERMOSETTING PLASTICS

 Injection molding - is a manufacturing process for producing parts by injecting molten

 Rotational molding - The concept of rotational moulding is very simple. A plastic

 Transfer moulding - is a manufacturing process where casting material is forced into a

Dashore, Akshay. The Constructor Civil Engineering Home. 2019.

Daily Civil. 2019. Daily Civil. Accessed 11 15, 2019. http://dailycivil.com/plastics-production/

Figure 1: showing a diagrammatic representation of extrusion moulding

Figure 2: showing a diagrammatic representation of injection moulding

Figure 3: showing a schematic representation of blown moulding

Figure 4: showing a diagrammatic representation of transfer moulding

Figure 5: showing a diagrammatic representation of rotational moulding

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