LECTURE - 01

MOBILE APPLICATION
DEVELOPMENT
By: AbuBakar Ubaid
WHAT IS ANDROID?
 Mobile operating system based on Linux Kernel
 User Interface for touch screens
 Used on over 80% of all smartphones
 Powers devices such as watches, TVs, and cars
 Over 2 Million Android apps in Google Play store
 Highly customizable for devices / by vendors
 Open source

By: AbuBakar Ubaid

IDE (Integrated Development Environment)
 Software suite that consolidates basic tools required to write
and test software.
 Without an IDE, a developer must select, deploy, integrate
and manage all of these tools separately.
 An IDE can be a standalone application or it can be part of a
larger package.
 For example:
Net beans, Eclipse, Android Studio

By: AbuBakar Ubaid

JDK (Java Development Kit)
 The JDK is one of three core technology packages used in
Java programming, along with the JVM (Java Virtual
Machine) and the JRE (Java Runtime Environment).
 The JVM is the Java platform component that executes
programs.
 The JRE is the on-disk part of Java that creates the JVM.
 The JDK allows developers to create Java programs that can
be executed and run by the JVM and JRE.

By: AbuBakar Ubaid

JDK - JRE - JVM

By: AbuBakar Ubaid

AVD (Android Virtual Device)
 AVD is an emulator configuration that allows developers to
test the application by simulating the real device
capabilities.
 We can configure the AVD by specifying the hardware and
software options.
 AVD manager enables an easy way of creating and
managing the AVD with its graphical interface

By: AbuBakar Ubaid

LIBRARY
 It can include everything needed to build an app, including
source code, resource files, and an Android manifest.
 Complete package of something

 For example:
 Photo manipulation in android.
 Write code of scaling and animating for every time 
“Picasso” photo manipulating library

By: AbuBakar Ubaid

API (Application Programming Interface)
 API is a software intermediary that allows two applications
to talk to each other
 Connectivity with server and hardware
 For Example:
 Waiter in a hotel
 Each time you use an app like Facebook, send an instant message,
or check the weather on your phone, you’re using an API.
 Use Google map
 Book different flights from different sites

By: AbuBakar Ubaid

SDK (Software Development Kit)
 SDK or devkit, providing a set of tools, libraries, relevant
documentation, code samples, processes, and or guides that
allow developers to create software applications on a specific
platform.
 For Example:
 Build a house without tools
 For eat bread… seed…grow…harvest…eat 
 Write your own code from scratch 

By: AbuBakar Ubaid

ANDROID OLDER VERSIONS
No Name Version Released API level
1 Alpha 1.0 Sep 23, 2008 1
2 Beta 1.1 Feb 09, 2009 2
3 Cupcake 1.5 Apr 27, 2009 3
4 Donut 1.6 Sep 15, 2009 4
5 Éclair 2.0 – 2.1 Oct 26, 2009 5–7
6 Froyo 2.2 – 2.2.3 May 20, 2010 8
7 Gingerbread 2.3 – 2.3.7 Dec 06, 2010 9 – 10
8 Honeycomb 3.0 – 3.2.6 Feb 22, 2011 11 – 13
9 Ice-cream Sandwich 4.0 – 4.0.4 Oct 18, 2011 14 - 15

By: AbuBakar Ubaid

ANDROID OLDER VERSIONS
No Name Version Released API level
10 Jelly Bean 4.1 – 4.3.1 Jul 09, 2012 16 – 18
11 Kit Kat 4.4 – 4.4.4 Oct 31, 2013 19 – 20
12 Lollipop 5.0 – 5.1.1 Nov 12, 2014 21 – 22
13 Marshmallow 6.0 – 6.0.1 Oct 05, 2015 23
14 Nougat 7.0 – 7.1.2 Aug 22, 2016 24 – 25
15 Oreo 8.0 – 8.1 Aug 21, 2017 26 – 27
16 Pie 9.0 Aug 06, 2018 28

By: AbuBakar Ubaid

ANDROID PLATFORM ARCHITECTURE
• Linux Kernel
• HAL
• ART
• Libraries
• Application Framework
• System Applications

By: AbuBakar Ubaid

 LINUX KERNEL
 This layer is the foundation of the Android Platform.
 Contains all low level drivers for various hardware
components support.
 Android Runtime relies on Linux Kernel for core system
services like,
• Memory, process management, threading etc.
• Network stack
• Driver model
• Security and more.

By: AbuBakar Ubaid

 HARDWARE ABSTRACTION LAYER

 Provides Abstraction between hardware and rest of the

software stack.

By: AbuBakar Ubaid

 ANDROID RUNTIME (ART)
 Designed to run apps in a constrained environment that has
limited muscle power in terms of battery, processing and
memory.
 Contains set of core libraries that enables developers to
write Android Apps using Java Programming.
 It also has a very efficient garbage collection.

By: AbuBakar Ubaid

 APPLICATION FRAMEWORK
 It is a collection of APIs written in Java, which gives developers
access to the complete feature set of Android OS.
 Enables and simplify the reuse of core components and services,
like:
Activity Manager:
• Manages the Lifecycle of apps & provide common navigation back
stack.
Window Manager:
• Manages windows and drawing surfaces, and is an abstraction of
the surface manager library.
Content Providers:
• Enables application to access data from other applications or to
share their own data

By: AbuBakar Ubaid

 APPLICATION FRAMEWORK
View System:
• Contains User Interface building blocks used to build an application's
UI, including lists, grids, texts, boxes, buttons, etc. and also performs the
event management of UI elements(explained in later tutorials).
Package Manager:
 Manages various kinds of information related to the application
packages that are currently installed on the device.
Telephony Manager:
 Enables app to use phone capabilities of the device.

By: AbuBakar Ubaid

 APPLICATION FRAMEWORK
Resource Manager:
 Provides access to non-code resources (localized Strings, bitmaps,
Graphics and Layouts).
Location Manager:
 Deals with location awareness capabilities.
Notification Manager:
 Enable apps to display custom alerts in the status bar.

By: AbuBakar Ubaid

 SYSTEM APPLICATION
• Top of the Android Application Stack, is occupied by the System apps
and other Apps that users can download from Android's Official Play
Store, also known as Google Play Store.
• A set of Core applications are pre-packed in the handset like Email
Client, SMS Program, Calendar, Maps, Browser, Contacts and few more.
• This layer uses all the layers below it for proper functioning of these
mobile apps.

By: AbuBakar Ubaid

 Installation of
ANDROID STUDIO

By: AbuBakar Ubaid

LECTURE - 01 “Android, Terminologies and Architecture”

THANK YOU 

By: AbuBakar Ubaid