A2AS PHYS REVISED Support 18223 PDF

GCE
CCEA GCE Specimen

Assessment Material for
Physics
For first teaching from September 2016

For first award of AS level in Summer 2017
For first award of A level in Summer 2018
Subject Code: 1210
Foreword
CCEA has developed new specifications which comply with criteria for GCE qualifications.
The specimen assessment materials accompanying new specifications are provided to give
centres guidance on the structure and character of the planned assessments in advance of
the first assessment. It is intended that the specimen assessment materials contained in
this booklet will help teachers and students to understand, as fully as possible, the markers’
expectations of candidates’ responses to the types of tasks and questions set at GCE level.
These specimen assessment materials should be used in conjunction with CCEA’s GCE
Physics specification.
There is no necessity for the questions to follow the sequence of topics in the specification.
BLANK PAGE
GCE Physics
Specimen Assessment Materials
Contents
Specimen Papers 3
Assessment Unit AS 1: Forces, Energy and Electricity 3

Assessment Unit AS 2: Waves, Photons and Astronomy 25
Assessment Unit AS 3A: Practical Techniques and Data Analysis 45
Assessment Unit AS 3B: Practical Techniques and Data Analysis 51
Assessment Unit A2 1: Deformation of Solids, Thermal Physics, Circular Motion, 59
Oscillations and Atomic and Nuclear Physics
Assessment Unit A2 2: Fields, Capacitors and Particle Physics 77
Assessment Unit A2 3A: Practical Techniques and Data Analysis 99
Assessment Unit A2 3B: Practical Techniques and Data Analysis 111
Data and Formulae Sheets 123
Assessment Unit AS: Data and Formulae Sheet 123

Assessment Unit A2: Data and Formulae Sheet 125
Apparatus and Materials Lists and Confidential Instructions 129

Mark Schemes 141
General Marking Instructions 143

Assessment Unit AS 1: Forces, Energy and Electricity 147
Assessment Unit AS 2: Waves, Photons and Astronomy 153
Assessment Unit AS 3B: Practical Techniques and Data Analysis 163
Assessment Unit A2 1: Deformation of Solids, Thermal Physics, Circular Motion, 167
Assessment Unit A2 2: Fields, Capacitors and Particle Physics 173
Assessment Unit A2 3B: Practical Techniques and Data Analysis 185
Subject Code 1210
QAN AS 601/8520/X
QAN A2 601/8519/3
A CCEA Publication © 2016
You may download further copies of this publication from www.ccea.org.uk

SPECIMEN PAPERS
DIVIDER FRONT
SPECIMEN PAPERS
DIVIDER BACK
Centre Number
Candidate Number
ADVANCED SUBSIDIARY
General Certificate of Education
2017
Physics
Assessment Unit AS 1
assessing
Forces, Energy and Electricity
[CODE]
SPECIMEN PAPER
TIME
1 hour 45 minutes
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
Write your Centre Number and Candidate Number in the spaces
provided at the top of this page.
Answer all nine questions. For Examiner’s
Write your answers in the spaces provided in this question paper. use only
Question
Marks
Number
INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES 1
The total mark for this paper is 100. 2
Figures in brackets printed down the right-hand side of pages indicate 3
the marks awarded to each question, or part question.
4
Your attention is drawn to the Data Formulae Sheet which is inside
this question paper. 5
You may use an electronic calculator. 6
7
8
9
Total
Marks
3
BLANK PAGE
4
Answer all questions Examiner Only
Marks Re-mark
1 (a) What is the difference between a scalar and a vector quantity?
[1]
(b) The kilogram (kg), metre (m), second (s) and ampere (A) are four of
the SI base units.
Name another SI base unit and state the physical quantity to which it
refers.
Unit:
Physical quantity: [2]
(c) Five physical quantities are listed in Table 1.1 By inserting a tick in the
appropriate column, show whether each is a scalar or a vector.
In the last column, write the unit of the quantity, expressed as a

suitable combination of two or more of the SI base units kg, m, s and
A. The first line of the table has been completed as an example.
Table 1.1
Quantity Scalar Vector Unit
Momentum ü kg m s–1
Velocity
Kinetic energy
Charge
Resistance
[5]
5 [Turn over
2 A boy pulls a box of weight 250 N along a rough, horizontal concrete floor Examiner Only
at a steady speed in a fixed direction. To do so, he applies a force of 170 N Marks Re-mark
at an angle of 30° to the horizontal. The diagram below is a simplified
representation showing the box, treated as a point mass, and the two
forces acting on it.
170 N◄
30˚
floor
▼
250 N © CCEA

(a) In addition to the weight and the pulling force, there is a third force
acting on the box. This is the force of the floor on the box. The third
force can be considered in terms of its horizontal and vertical
components.
On the diagram, sketch a possible direction for this third force.

Label this force F. [2]
(b) The 170 N pulling force can be resolved into horizontal and vertical
components.
Calculate the values of these components.
Horizontal component of pulling force  N
Vertical component of pulling force  N [2]
(c) Hence write down the magnitude of the horizontal component of the
third force F.
Horizontal component of F  N [1]
(d) Show that the vertical component of F is 165 N.
[2]
6
(e) Use your answer to (c) and the information in (d) to find the magnitude Examiner Only
and exact direction of F. Marks Re-mark
Magnitude of F  N
Direction of F  [4]
7 [Turn over
3 Two cars A and B are both travelling at 21 m s–1, in the same direction, Examiner Only
along a straight road. The distance between them at t  0 seconds is Marks Re-mark
48 m. At this time the driver of the rear car (B) decides to overtake the car
ahead.
The driver of Car B accelerates uniformly at 2 m s–2 until reaching a speed

of 27 m s–1. Then the driver continues at this speed until he is 48 m ahead
of the other car.
(i) How long does it take the driver in the overtaking car (Car B) to
accelerate their car from 21 m s–2 to 27 m s–2?
Time  s [2]
(ii) Sketch on the axes in Fig. 3.1 the velocity time graphs for cars A and
B.
Velocity
Time
Fig 3.1 [3]
Fig. 3.1
8
(iii) Calculate the time taken for the overtaking car to be 48 m ahead of the Examiner Only
other car. Marks Re-mark
Time  s [5]
(iv) How far does the overtaking car travel between t  0 and the time
when it is 48 m ahead of the other car?
Distance  m [2]
(v) Give one assumption for the car being overtaken (car A) that you have
made in answering this question.
[1]
9 [Turn over
4 A stone is projected into the air from ground level at a velocity of 25 m s–1 Examiner Only
at an angle of 35° to the horizontal. (Fig. 4.1) Marks Re-mark
25ms‫־‬¹
35°
Fig. 4.1
© CCEA
Fig. 4.1
In this question you may ignore the effect of air resistance.
Calculate:
(a) the time to reach the maximum height.
Time  s [2]
(b) the maximum height reached.
Height  m [2]
(c) the horizontal range.
Range  m [4]
10
(d) the magnitude and direction of the velocity 0.60 s after projection. Examiner Only
Marks Re-mark
Velocity:
Magnitude  m s–1
Direction (relative to the horizontal direction)  [4]
11 [Turn over
5 (a) A batsman strikes a cricket ball of mass 0.15 kg at right angles to the Examiner Only
bat so that the direction of the ball is reversed. The ball is travelling Marks Re-mark
horizontally at 25.0 m s–1 just before it is struck by the bat, and leaves
the bat with a speed of 40.0 m s–1.
(i) What is the magnitude of the impulse exerted on the ball by the
bat?
State the unit of impulse.
Impulse 
Unit  [5]
(ii) If the bat and ball are in contact for 0.01 s, what is the average
force exerted on the ball by the bat?
Force  N [2]
(b) During a game of bowls, a bowl of mass 1.5 kg moves with a speed of
1.0 m s–1 on a smooth, horizontal green. It strikes a stationary bowl of
mass 1.2 kg head on. The 1.2 kg bowl then begins to move with a
speed of 0.8 m s–1.
What is the speed of the 1.5 kg bowl immediately after the collision?
Speed  m s–1 [4]
12
6 A man of mass 80 kg is planning to decorate a room. He sets up a trestle Examiner Only
table, consisting of 2 supports and a uniform plank, of mass 30 kg and Marks Re-mark
length 3 m. He places the supports 0.5 m from each end so that the plank
rests in a horizontal position.
(i) Draw a diagram to illustrate the situation, include the relevant forces
and distances.
[2]
(ii) Calculate the value of the forces on each support when the man is
standing 2 m from one end.
Force  N and N [5]
(iii) How close to the end can he stand without the plank tilting?
Distance  m [3]
13 [Turn over
7 A lift travelling upwards, accelerates uniformly from rest to 2 m s–2 in Examiner Only
5 seconds. Marks Re-mark
(i) Find its acceleration.
Acceleration  m s–2 [2]
A woman of mass 60 kg is travelling in the lift.
(ii) Find the reaction between the woman and the floor of the lift when the
lift is accelerating upwards.
Reaction  N [4]
(iii) Comment on how this reaction compares with the weight of the
woman when:
(1) The lift is travelling upwards with a constant speed.
[1]
(2) The lift is travelling upwards and decelerating.
[1]
The empty lift has a mass of 600 kg.
(iv) Find the tension in the lift cable when the lift carrying the woman is
travelling upwards and decelerating at 0.8 m s–2.
Tension  N [3]
14
BLANK PAGE
(Questions continue overleaf)
15 [Turn over
8 (a) Electrical conductors may be classified as ohmic or non-ohmic. Examiner Only
Marks Re-mark
(i) State Ohm’s law.
[2]

(ii) 1 Name one example of an ohmic conductor.

2 On the axes below, sketch a graph to illustrate the behaviour of

the conductor you have named.
0
0 V [2]
Fig.8.1
Fig. 8.1
16
Fig. 8.1 is the current – voltage graph for a certain device. Examiner Only
Marks Re-mark
0
0 V
Fig 8.2
Fig. 8.2 © CCEA
(iii) State whether this device is an ohmic or a non-ohmic conductor.

Indicate your answer by placing a tick in the appropriate box.
The device is an ohmic conductor
The device is a non-ohmic conductor
Explain your answer, making reference to Fig. 8.1
[2]

17 [Turn over
(b) Aluminium is a solid metal with a resistivity of 2.82 × 10−8 Ωm at room Examiner Only
temperature. Marks Re-mark
Resistivity may be defined using the equation below:
ρ = RA/L
You are supplied with a reel of aluminium wire and the equipment
found in a school physics laboratory is available to you.
Describe the procedures by which the quantities R and A can be

determined.
[5]
18
BLANK PAGE
(Questions continue overleaf)
19 [Turn over
9 (a) Fig. 9.1 and Fig. 9.2 show two networks of resistors. Examiner Only
Marks Re-mark
20 Ω
A B D E
X 6Ω
50 Ω 30 Ω
Y
C
F
Fig. 9.1 Fig. 9.2
Fig. 9.1 Fig. 9.2
© CCEA
Connection may be made to the first network at terminals A, B and C.

and to the second at terminals D, E and F. Information about the
values of the resistance between pairs of terminals is given below.
Resistance between A and B  resistance between D and E
Resistance between A and C  resistance between D and F
(i) Show that the resistance between terminals A and C in Fig. 9.1
is 25 Ω.
[2]
(ii) What is the resistance of resistor X in Fig. 9.2?
Resistance  Ω [2]
20
(iii) Hence obtain the resistance of resistor Y in Fig. 9.2. Examiner Only
Marks Re-mark
Resistance  Ω [1]
(b) Your data and formulae sheet includes the following formula for a
potential divider.
R1 Vin Equation 9.1

Vout 
(R1  R2)
In the space below, draw a simple potential divider circuit. Label

appropriate parts of your diagram R1, R2, Vout and Vin to correspond
with these symbols in Equation 9.1.
[3]
21 [Turn over
(c) Fig. 9.3 shows a circuit that provides a voltage V which depends on Examiner Only
the brightness of the lighting in a room. Marks Re-mark
5.0 kΩ
R
12 V
5.0 kΩ LDR V
Fig. 9.3
Fig. 9.3 © CCEA

The battery has e.m.f. 12 V and negligible internal resistance. The light
sensor is a light-dependent resistor (LDR). The resistance of the LDR
is 5 kΩ in the dark and 0.2 kΩ when the illumination in the room is a
maximum.
(i) The variable resistor R is initially set to its maximum resistance of

5.0 kΩ.
Show that when the illumination of the room is a maximum, that

the value of voltage V is about 0.4 V.
[4]

(ii) The variable resistor R acts as a sensitivity control for the circuit.
By changing this resistance, the voltages V obtained for
illuminated and dark conditions can be altered.
Explain why reducing R to its minimum value of zero resistance

would not be a good idea.
[1]

22
THIS IS THE END OF THE QUESTION PAPER
23
BLANK PAGE
24
Centre Number
Candidate Number
ADVANCED SUBSIDIARY
2017
Physics
assessing
Waves, Photons and Astronomy
[CODE]
SPECIMEN PAPER
TIME
1 hour 45 minutes
Answer all nine questions. For Examiner’s
Write your answers in the spaces provided in this question paper. use only
Question
Marks
Number
INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES 1
Figures in brackets printed down the right-hand side of pages indicate 3
the marks awarded to each question or part question.
4
Your attention is drawn to the Data Formulae Sheet which is inside
this question paper. 5
You may use an electronic calculator. 6
7
8
9
Total
Marks
25
Answer all questions. Examiner Only
Marks Re-mark
1 (a) Satellites orbiting the Earth provide television signals for satellite dish
aerials on Earth. One satellite transmits vertically-polarised
electromagnetic waves at a frequency of 11.3 GHz.
(i) Explain what is meant by a polarised wave.
[1]
(ii) Calculate the wavelength of the transmission.
Wavelength  m [3]
(iii) State the region of the electromagnetic spectrum in which the

transmission lies.
[1]
(b) (i) Explain what is meant by a longitudinal wave.
[1]
(ii) Name an example of a longitudinal wave.
[1]
26
(c) Two transverse waves A and B travel in a medium. Fig 1.1 below is a Examiner Only
graph of the displacement y against the time t for a particle in the Marks Re-mark
medium when acted on by each wave separately.
y/cm 6
A
4
B
2
0
1 2 3 4 t/ms
-2
-4
-6
Fig 1.1
© CCEA
Use information from the graph to find the values and units of these
following quantities:
(i) The amplitude of wave A.
Amplitude  [1]
(ii) The frequency of wave B.
Frequency  [2]
(iii) The phase difference between wave A and B.
Phase difference  [1]
27 [Turn over
2 (a) Describe an experiment to verify the lense equation for a converging Examiner Only
lens of known focal length. Marks Re-mark
Your description should include:
(i) a labelled diagram showing the arrangement of the apparatus

used;
(ii) the procedure used and what measurements are recorded;
(iii) an explanation of how the results obtained should be used to
verify the equation.
(i) Labelled diagram
[2]
(ii) Procedure
[4]
(iii) Explanation
[3]
28
(b) A converging lens of focal length 250 mm forms a sharp image of an Examiner Only
illuminated object on a screen, so that the linear magnification is 50. Marks Re-mark
Without moving the object, the positions of the lens and screen are
then altered so that a sharp image is again formed on the screen, but
this time with a linear magnification of 100.
Through what distance, and in what direction relative to the object,

has the lens been moved?
Distance  mm Direction  [6]
29 [Turn over
3 (a) A student holds a vibrating tuning fork of frequency 487 Hz above the Examiner Only
mouth of a resonance tube of variable length. The student varies the Marks Re-mark
length of the air column and finds the second position of resonance.
(i) On the Fig 3.1 below sketch the displacement pattern of the
standing wave in the tube for this position of resonance.
Mark the positions of any antinodes with the letter A, and the
positions of any nodes with the letter N. [3]
Fig 3.1
Fig 3.1
(ii) The length of the air column for the second position of resonance
is 517 mm.
Calculate the velocity of sound in the resonance tube.
Velocity of sound  m s–1 [4]
30
(b) Standing waves can also be generated in a resonance tube using a Examiner Only
loudspeaker as a sound source. Marks Re-mark
(i) What other equipment is needed?
[1]
(ii) When an air column of fixed length 307 mm is used, resonance is

found to occur only at frequencies of 282 Hz, 845 Hz and 1392 Hz,
in the frequency range from zero to 1500 Hz.
Use this information to calculate an average value for the velocity

of sound in this air column.
Velocity of sound  m s–1 [4]
31 [Turn over
4 (a) A double slit system is illuminated by monochromatic light coming Examiner Only
from a single slit placed in front of a light source. Interference fringes Marks Re-mark
may be seen on a screen placed some distance beyond the slits.
(i) Explain, with the aid of a labelled sketch, how both diffraction and
interference effects are involved in obtaining the observed fringes.
[3]
(ii) Suggest three changes in the experiment, each of which would

result in an increase in the fringe separation y.
1
2
3 [3]
32
(b)
A grating has 500 lines per mm and is illuminated normally by light of Examiner Only
wavelength 589 nm. Marks Re-mark
(i) Determine the angle between the first-order maximum and

second-order maximum.
Angle  ° [5]
(ii) Find the highest order of diffraction which could be obtained.
Highest order  [3]
33 [Turn over
5 The emission spectrum of hydrogen in distant galaxies was observed. Examiner Only
Marks Re-mark
(a) Explain why the lines in the spectrum from distant galaxies have a
longer wavelength than the lines in the spectrum observed from a
source in the laboratory.
[1]
(b) A particular line in the hydrogen spectrum has a wavelength of

656 nm.
When the same line is observed in the Messier 87(M87) galaxy, its
wavelength is 659 nm.
(i) Calculate the value of the cosmological parameter, z, for M87

using these data.
z  [2]
(ii) Use the cosmological parameter, z, to calculate the rate at which

the distance between the galaxies is increasing.
Rate of increase  km s–1 [2]
(iii) Calculate the distance between The Milky Way and M87.
Distance  km [2]

34
(c) Use the Hubble constant to estimate the age of the universe. Examiner Only
Take 1 year as 3.15  107 s. Marks Re-mark
Age of universe  years [3]
35 [Turn over
6 (a) (i) Define the power of a lens. Examiner Only
Marks Re-mark
[1]
(ii) Name the SI unit of lens power.
[1]
(b) The far point of a person viewing objects is at 80 cm from the eye.
(i) What is this defect of vision called?
[1]
(ii) Suggest a possible cause for this condition.
[1]
(iii) What type of lens is needed to correct this defect?
[1]
(iv) Calculate the power of the spectacle lens needed to change this
person’s far point to the normal far point position.
Power  SI units [3]
36
(c) Without spectacles, the near point of the person in (b) is at 18 cm from Examiner Only
his eye. The person now uses the spectacles in (b)(iv). Marks Re-mark
Calculate the new distance of the person’s near point from his eye.
Near point distance  cm [3]
37 [Turn over
7 The diagram below, Fig 7.1 shows some of the electron energy levels in Examiner Only
the hydrogen atom. Marks Re-mark
Energy/eV level
0.0 ____________________________
–0.54 ____________________________
E
–0.85 ____________________________ D
–1.51 ____________________________
C
–3.39 ____________________________ B
–13.6 ____________________________
A
Fig 7.1
© CCEA
(a) Energy is needed to excite an electron from level A to a higher level.
State two ways in which this energy might be provided.
1.

2. [2]
(b) When the excited electron returns to a lower level, it emits

electromagnetic radiation.
(i) Show that the wavelength λ, measured in nanometres, of the

emitted radiation is given by
λ = 1240 / ΔE, Equation 1

where ΔE is the energy difference, measured in electron volts,
between the levels involved.
[3]
38
(ii) The Table 7.1 below, which is incomplete, lists some transitions Examiner Only
of the electron in the hydrogen atom, together with corresponding Marks Re-mark
values of ΔE and λ for the transitions. There is a column stating
the regions of the electromagnetic spectrum in which the emitted
radiations lie.
Transition ΔE / eV λ / nm Spectrum region
E to C 0.97 1280 Infra-red
C to B 660
2.85 435 Visible, violet
B to A

Table 7.1
© CCEA
Using Equation 1 and information from Table 7.1 complete the

gaps in table 7.1. [6]
39 [Turn over
8 (a) (i) The metal casing of a spacecraft is found to become positively Examiner Only
charged due to exposure to ultraviolet radiation during flight. Marks Re-mark

Explain, referring to the principle of the photoelectric effect, how
this occurs.
[3]
(ii) Suggest why this effect does not occur to the same extent when
the spacecraft is on the Earth’s surface.
[1]
(b) Caesium has a work function of 1.90 eV.
(i) What is meant by the term work function?
[2]
(ii) Calculate the maximum kinetic energy of the electrons emitted

when a caesium surface is illuminated by radiation of frequency
5.5  1014 Hz.
Maximum kinetic energy  J [2]
40
(iii) With the aid of a calculation, explain whether or not photoelectric Examiner Only
Examiner Only
emission would occur if the caesium surface were illuminated with Marks Remark
Marks Re-mark
radiation of frequency 4.0  1014 Hz.
[2]
41 [Turn over
9 (a) State the meaning of a de Broglie wavelength. Examiner Only
Marks Re-mark
[1]
(b) An electron accelerated from rest through a certain potential

difference has a de Broglie wavelength of 1.2  10–10 m when it
reaches its final speed.
(i) Calculate this final speed.
(ii) Calculate the potential difference applied.
Potential difference  V [3]
42
43
BLANK PAGE
44
Centre Number
Candidate Number
ADVANCED SUBSIDIARY
2017
Physics
Assessment Unit AS 3A
assessing
Practical Techniques
and Data Analysis
[CODE]
SPECIMEN PAPER
TIME
1 hour.
Write your Centre Number and Candidate Number in the spaces provided
at the top of this page.
Write your answers in the spaces provided in this question paper.
Answer all four questions.
INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES

The total mark for this paper is 40.
Figures in brackets printed down the right-hand side of pages indicate the For Examiner’s
use only
marks awarded to each question or part question.
Question
Marks
Number
1
2
3
4
Total
Marks
45
Marks Re-mark
1 Determine the resistance of a carbon film resistor.
(a) Consider the available apparatus and draw the circuit diagram you will
use to obtain the data from which the resistance of the component
marked R can be determined.
[2]
(b) Set up the circuit and in the space below tabulate sufficient results
from which you can obtain a reliable value for the resistance of
component R.
[6]
(c) Use your results to determine a value for the resistance of component
R
Resistance  _______________  [2]
46
2 Verify that the acceleration produced in an object is proportional to the Examiner Only
applied force. Marks Re-mark
(a) Consider the experimental arrangement set up for you.
Outline how you will use it to obtain data from which acceleration is
proportional to the force can be verified.
Describe how you can ensure the accelerated mass remains

constant.
[2]
(b) Tabulate sufficient results from which you verify acceleration is

proportional to the force.
[6]
(c) Use your results to verify acceleration is proportional to the force.

[2]
47 [Turn over
3 Determining the refractive index of a transparent rectangular block. Examiner Only
Marks Re-mark
(a) Consider the available apparatus and draw a labelled diagram of the
experimental arrangement you will use to obtain the data from which
the refractive index can be determined.
Outline the procedure for taking valid results.
[2]
(b) Set up the apparatus and in the space below tabulate sufficient results
from which you can determine the refractive index of the block.
[6]
(c) Use your results to determine the refractive index of the block.
Refractive index  _______________ [2]
48
4 Determine the density of the material of a metallic column using the most Examiner Only
appropriate measuring devices from the apparatus provided. Marks Re-mark
(a) State the apparatus selected and the quantity being measured in each
case.
[2]
(b) Record all measurements in an appropriate table.
[6]
(c) Use your results to determine the density of the material, stating the
unit.
Density  _______________ Unit  _______________ [2]
49 [Turn over
50
Centre Number
Candidate Number
ADVANCED SUBSIDIARY
2017
Physics
Assessment Unit AS 3B
assessing
and Data Analysis
[CODE]
SPECIMEN PAPER
TIME
1 hour.
Answer all five questions.

The total mark for this paper is 50. For Examiner’s
Figures in brackets printed down the right-hand side of pages indicate use only
the marks awarded to each question or part question. Question
Marks
Number
1
2
3
4
5
Total
Marks
51
Marks Re-mark
1 Table 1.1 provides experimental data on how the swing time of a simple
pendulum depends on the length of the pendulum.
Table 1.1
Time for 50 oscillations/s

L/m T/s
50T1 50T2 50T3 50Tmean
0.12 37.52 38.21 38.08
0.26 25.32 55.18 55.63
0.38 67.01 66.89 66.95
0.46 73.56 93.48 73.49
0.67 89.02 89.03 88.98
© CCEA
(a) State the longest and shortest length, to 3 decimal places, that the
0.12 m long pendulum could have.
Longest length  ________________ m
Shortest length  ________________ m [2]
(b) Determine the 50Tmean for each length.
Insert the values in the appropriate places in Table 1.1
Explain the reasoning used in coming to your values.
[5]
(c) Determine the periodic time T for each pendulum length.
Insert the values in the appropriate places in Table 1.
State any assumption used in your method.
[4]
52
Examiner Only
(d) (i) Head the final column for values of T2 and include the appropriate Marks Re-mark
unit. [1]
(ii) Calculate T2 for each pendulum length and insert the values in the
appropriate place in Table 1.1 [2]
(e) Which of the three equations below best describes the relationship
between the period T and the length L? Explain your choice.
T  k L Equation 1
T  k / L Equation 2
T  k √ L Equation 3 where k is a constant
Explanation:
[3]
53 [Turn over
2 Graphical Analysis 1 Examiner Only
Fig 2.1 shows a graph of /
Vout V–1 against R/ for a particular circuit. Marks Re-mark
0.35
0.3
0.25
0.2
–1
Vout V
0.15
1
_
0.1
0.05
0
-50 0 50 100 150 200 250 300
R2/Ω
Fig 2.1
© CCEA
(a) Determine the gradient of this line.
Gradient  ________________ [3]
Unit  ________________ [1]

(b) Determine the intercept of the line.
Intercept  ________________ [1]
Unit  ________________ [1]

(c) Deduce a linear equation for the relationship between 1/Vout and R2.
[2]
54
3 A student is asked to determine the density of a piece of metal in the form Examiner Only
of a cylinder. Marks Re-mark
d
Table 3.1
measurement magnitude uncertainty
d 3.15 cm ±0.01 cm
h
h 12.6 cm ±0.1 cm
mass 266 g ±0.002 kg
Fig.
Fig 3.1
3.1
© CCEA
(a) Determine the percentage uncertainty in h.
Uncertainty in h  ± ___________________ % [2]

(b) Determine the percentage uncertainty in mass.
Uncertainty in mass  ± ___________________ % [2]
(c) Determine the percentage uncertainty in d.
Uncertainty in d  ± ___________________ % [2]

(d) Calculate the density of the cylinder and its absolute uncertainty.
Density  ___________________ Unit  ___________________
Uncertainty  ± ___________________ [5]

55 [Turn over
4 The readings for the potential difference across a component in a circuit Examiner Only
and the current through the component are recorded in Table 4.1 Marks Re-mark
Table 4.1
Potential difference/V Current/mA
2.4 143
3.7 215
6.7 370
8.3 446
11.5 602
Use the grid below to plot a graph of potential difference against current
in order to determine whether or not the component is ohmic. [9]
56
5 A group of students is asked to perform a Young two slit experiment to find Examiner Only
the wavelength of the light from a helium-neon laser. They are provided Marks Re-mark
with the laser, a 5 m tape measure, a ruler, a screen and a double slit with
a 0.3 mm spacing.
(a) The students are reminded by the teacher of an important safety point
when using a laser.
What is the safety instruction?
[1]
(b) The students quickly perform the experiment and show the following
results to the teacher.
a  0.3 mm d  30 cm y  1 mm λ  1000 nm
The teacher tells the students that it is obvious they have made a
mistake or are very inaccurate.
(i) How is the teacher able to come to this conclusion?
[1]

The students state that they had difficulty in measuring the distance
between one bright fringe and the next.
(ii) State three modifications to the method used which would

improve the accuracy of the result.

1
3 [3]
57 [Turn over
58
Centre Number
Candidate Number
ADVANCED
2018
Physics
Assessment Unit A2 1
assessing
Momentum, Thermal Physics, Circular Motion,

[CODE]
SPECIMEN PAPER
TIME
2 hours
Answer all eight questions.
For Examiner’s
use only
Question
INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES Number
Marks
Figures in brackets printed down the right-hand side of pages indicate
the marks awarded to each question or part question. 2
Quality of written communication will be assessed in Question 8(c). 3
Your attention is drawn to the Data and Formulae Sheet which is 4
inside this question paper.
5
You may also use an electronic calculator.
6
7
8
Total
Marks
59
Marks Re-mark
1 (a) A girl of mass 30 kg sits at the edge of a merry-go-round of radius
2.0 m. A boy turns the merry-go-round by gripping its edge and
running round so that a point on the edge moves with a steady speed
of 2.5 ms–1.
(i) Calculate the angular velocity of the roundabout.
Angular velocity  rad s–1 [2]
(ii) Calculate the magnitude of the minimum force required to

prevent the girl from sliding off the roundabout.
Force  N [2]
(iii) The maximum centripetal force that the girl can provide is 180 N.
Trying to make the girl slide off, the boy runs faster.
At what speed must he make a point on the edge of the

merry-go-round move in order to make the girl slide off?
60
(b) It is possible for a person to swing a bucket, containing water, in a Examiner Only
vertical circle, without spilling water. The radius of the circle involved Marks Re-mark
may be taken to be 1.1 m.
(i) Calculate the minimum linear speed of the bucket which will
prevent water from spilling out at the top of the swing.
(ii) Assuming that this minimum linear speed is constant throughout

the swing, find the maximum force of tension in the person’s arm
if the mass of the bucket is 1.0 kg and it contains 2.0 kg of water.
Tension  N [2]
61 [Turn over
2 (a) (i) Write down an expression for the Young modulus, E, for a sample Examiner Only
of wire of cross-sectional area A which increases in length by an Marks Re-mark
amount ΔL from the original length L when subjected to a tensile
force F.
[1]
(ii) On the axes provided, in Fig. 2.1 sketch a stress/strain curve for a
copper wire up to the point of fracture. Label the region of the
graph for which the wire shows elastic behaviour and the region
for which the wire shows plastic behaviour.
stress
strain

Fig. 2.1 [2]

(iii) How could the Young modulus for the metal be determined from
the graph?
[1]
62
(b) A metal rod of diameter 3.00 mm and length 60.0 cm is subjected to Examiner Only
a tensile force of 2.00 kN. Marks Re-mark
If the Young modulus for the material of the rod is 2.00  1011 Pa,
calculate the potential energy in the strained rod.
Energy  J [4]
(c) (i) Write down an expression for the electrical resistance of a

conductor of length L and cross-sectional area A, made from
metal of resistivity ρ.
State and explain what you would expect to happen to the

resistance of the conductor if it were subjected to a tensile stress.
[4]
(ii) This variation of resistance is the principle of one type of strain

gauge.
Suggest one practical application of such a device.
[1]
63 [Turn over
3 (a) A body moves with simple harmonic motion. Examiner Only
Marks Re-mark
Describe the acceleration of the body.
[2]
(b) A body of mass 0.20 kg hangs from the end of a suspended helical
spring. The spring has a force constant k value of 8.0 N m–1. When
the body is raised 0.10 m above its equilibrium position and is then
released, it executes simple harmonic motion.
(i) Find the period of the oscillation.
Period  s [2]
(ii) Calculate the acceleration of the body at the lower extremity of its
first oscillation.
Acceleration  m s–2 [3]
64
(c) In practice, an oscillating system such as a pendulum is lightly Examiner Only
damped. Marks Re-mark
(i) What experimental evidence shows that a pendulum is lightly

damped?
[1]
(ii) What is the cause of the damping?
[1]
(iii) “Because of damping, the total energy of the oscillating pendulum

is not conserved.”
State, with a reason, whether this statement is true or false.
[1]
65 [Turn over
4 (a) (i) A student states the law relating pressure and volume for an ideal Examiner Only
gas as follows “For an ideal gas, pressure is inversely proportional Marks Re-mark
to volume.”
This statement is incomplete in two respects. Rewrite the

statement correctly.
[2]
(ii) You are asked to carry out an experiment to investigate whether

the law applies to air.
(1)S Sketch a labelled diagram of the apparatus you would use.
[3]
(2)S Using the apparatus you have sketched in (1),

S describe how you would obtain measurements of the
S pressure and volume of the sample of air under investigation.
Pressure
Volume
[3]
(3)S State the graph you would plot using your results and how
S you would use it to conclude whether or not the law applies.
[2]
66
(b)
A party balloon is inflated with helium at a temperature of 15 °C, and Examiner Only
has a volume 3.5  10–2 m3. The pressure of the gas inside the Marks Re-mark
balloon is 1.05  105 Pa.
(i) Calculate the number of moles of gas inside the balloon.
Number of moles  [3]
(ii) How many helium atoms are inside the balloon?
Number of helium atoms  [2]
(iii) The pressure of air outside the balloon is 1.01  105 Pa.
Calculate the net force due to the air and gas pressures on an
area of one square centimetre of the material of the balloon.
Force  N [3]
67 [Turn over
5 (a) Define the specific heat capacity of a material. Examiner Only
Marks Re-mark

[2]
(b) It is required to determine the specific heat capacity of copper, using

an electrical method.
Draw a labelled diagram of the circuit you would use.
[2]
(c) A block of material, of mass 1.75 kg, is heated for 5.00 minutes using
an immersion heater of power 120W. The block is completely lagged.
The initial temperature of the block is 18.0 °C. The specific heat
capacity of the material of the block is 435 J kg–1 °C–1.
(i) Calculate the final temperature of the block.
Temperature  °C [4]
(ii) What is the purpose of having the block completely lagged?
[1]
68
6 Radon 222 has a half-life of 3.8 days Examiner Only
Marks Re-mark
(a)
Define half-life.
[1]
(b) Calculate the initial number of radon 222 nuclei present in the sample
if its initial activity is 1.52 × 1015 Bq.
Initial number of nuclei [3]
(c) Hence calculate the number of radon 222 nuclei present after a period
of 8.6 days.
Number of radon 222 nuclei = [2]
69 [Turn over
7 (a) (i) Sketch a graph on the axes below in Fig. 7.1 to show how the Examiner Only
binding energy per nucleon varies with mass number for a range Marks Re-mark
of naturally-occurring nuclei. Label both axes clearly, including
units and suitable values.
Fig. 7.1
[4]
(ii) Use the graph to illustrate how energy may be obtained by fission
of heavy nuclei and also by fusion of light nuclei.
[2]
70
(b)
The following fusion reaction, using two isotopes of hydrogen, is Examiner Only
possible: Marks Re-mark

2 3 1 4
1 H  1 H → 0 n  2 He  energy
(i) Give the commonly used names of the four particles described by
the symbols in this equation.
[2]
(ii) Using the data below, calculate the energy (in MeV) produced per
fusion reaction.
Nuclear masses:
10 n
 1.0087 u

2
1 H  2.0136 u

3
H  3.0155 u
1
42 He  4.0015 u
Energy  MeV [4]
(iii) The energy obtained per fusion reaction, is only about one-tenth
of the energy produced per fission of a heavy nucleus.
In view of this give two reasons why a working fusion reactor

might nevertheless be considered a “better” energy source than a
fission reactor.
[2]
71 [Turn over
8 (a) Describe fully the function of the control rods and the moderator in a Examiner Only
nuclear fission reactor. Marks Re-mark
Control rods
Moderator
[2]
Many fission reactors use boron control rods. Each rod of boron is sealed
10
inside a casing. When the boron nucleus 5 B absorbs a fast neutron it
immediately decays to produce a lithium (Li) nucleus and an alpha
particle. As a result, helium gas is produced which occupies the spaces
between the atoms of the rod.
Each cubic metre of the control rod can absorb 1.5  1027 neutrons before
it has to be replaced.
(b) (i) Write down the equation for the nuclear reaction which takes
place inside the boron control rod. Include the nucleon and
proton numbers.
[1]
(ii) Calculate how many moles of helium are trapped in each cubic
metre of the control rod when 1.5 x 1027 neutrons are absorbed.
Number of moles of helium  [2]
72
The boron atoms themselves occupy 75% of the total volume of the Examiner Only
control rod. Marks Re-mark
Just before the rod is replaced the temperature of the gas inside the
casing is 27°C.
(iii) Calculate the pressure of the helium gas inside the casing just
before the rod is replaced.
Pressure  Pa [4]
(iv) The mass of each helium atom is 6.65  10–27 kg.
Calculate the root mean square (r.m.s) speed of the trapped

helium atoms inside the casing just before the control rod is
about to be replaced.
r.m.s. speed  m s–1 [4]
(v) State one assumption you have made when calculating the rms
speed of the helium atoms in part (iv).
[1]
73 [Turn over
Quality of written communication will be assessed in this question. Examiner Only
Marks Re-mark
(c) The use of nuclear power is seen as one possible solution to a future
energy crisis.
What issues would need to be addressed if this solution is adopted

and why is nuclear energy an attractive alternative to conventional
fossil fuel methods?
[6]
74
75
76
Centre Number
Candidate Number
ADVANCED
2018
Physics
assessing
Fields, Capacitors and Particle Physics
[CODE]
SPECIMEN PAPER
TIME
2 hours.
Answer all eight questions.
For Examiner’s
use only
Question
INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES Number
Marks
Quality of written communication will be assessed in Question 5 (a) (i).
2
the marks awarded to each question or part question. 3
Your attention is drawn to the Data and Formulae Sheet which is 4
inside this question paper.
5
You may use an electronic calculator.
6
7
8
Total
Marks
77
BLANK PAGE
78
Marks Re-mark
1 (a) A certain satellite orbits the earth with a period t in a circular path of
radius r. Show that the relationship
t2  r3
is consistent with Newton’s law of gravitation. Obtain an expression

for the constant of proportionality from your analysis.
[4]
(b) By considering the weight of a body on the surface of the earth, show
that gRE2  GME, where G is the gravitational constant and ME and
RE are the mass and radius of the earth respectively.
[1]

79 [Turn over
(c) A satellite of mass 500 kg has a circular orbit about the earth with a Examiner Only
period of one day. Marks Re-mark
(i) Show that the radius of this orbit is 4.22  107 m. (The mean
radius of the earth RE = 6.36 × 106 m)
[2]
(ii) What is the orbital speed of the satellite?
Speed  km s–1 [2]
(iii) Find the value of the gravitational force between the earth and the
satellite.
Force  N [2]
80
2 (a) (i) Define the capacitance of a capacitor. Examiner Only
Marks Re-mark

[1]
(ii) Define the farad, the unit of capacitance.
[1]
(iii) State one application of a capacitor.
[1]
(b) Fig. 2.1 below shows an arrangement of six identical capacitors. Each
capacitor has a capacitance 22 µF. The maximum safe potential
difference across a single capacitor is 50 V.
X Y
Fig. 2.1
© CCEA
(i) Find the total capacitance of the network between the terminals
X and Y.
Capacitance  µF [2]
(ii) Find the maximum safe potential difference that can be applied
between the terminals X and Y.
81 [Turn over
(c) (i) A capacitor of capacitance 22 µF is charged by a battery of e.m.f. Examiner Only
9.0 V and negligible internal resistance, as shown in Fig. 2.2. Marks Re-mark
90v
22 uF
Fig. 2.2
© CCEA
Calculate the charge on the capacitor.
Charge  C [2]
(ii) The charged capacitor is then disconnected from the battery, and
reconnected to an initially uncharged capacitor Z as shown in
Fig. 2.3.
Z
22 uF
Fig. 2.3
© CCEA
After reconnection the potential difference across the 22 µF

capacitor falls to 2.9 V.
(1) What is then the charge on the 22 µF capacitor?
Charge  C [1]
(2) What is the potential difference across capacitor Z?
(3) Calculate the capacitance of capacitor Z.
Capacitance  µF [2]
82
3 (a) An electron travelling at 8.0  106 m s–1 in a vacuum enters a region Examiner Only
of uniform magnetic field of flux density 30 mT, as shown in Fig. 3.1 Marks Re-mark
below.
e
magnetic field into paper
Fig. 3.1
© CCEA
(i) On Fig. 3.1 mark the direction of the force on the electron when it
enters the magnetic field. [1]
(ii) Calculate the magnitude of the force on the electron.
Force  N [2]

(iii) Explain why, the electron follows part of a circular path when it
moves through the magnetic field.
[2]
(iv) Calculate the radius of this circular path.
Radius  mm [3]
83 [Turn over
(b) An ion has mass 6.64  10–26 kg and charge 3.20  10–19 C. When it Examiner Only
is in a uniform electric field it experiences an acceleration of Marks Re-mark
1.15  1011 m s–2, due to the field.
(i) Calculate the force the ion experiences due to the field.
Force  N [2]
(ii) Calculate the magnitude of the field strength (intensity) of the

electric field.
Field strength  N C–1 [2]
84
4 (a) Fig. 4.1 shows a long, straight wire carrying a current I in the direction Examiner Only
indicated. Marks Re-mark
Fig. 4.1
© CCEA
Fig. 4.1

Fig. 4.2 is a plan view of the wire. The current is coming out of the
page directly towards you.
On Fig. 4.2 sketch the magnetic field pattern associated with the
current carrying wire. [3]
Fig. 4.2
Fig. 4.2
© CCEA
85 [Turn over

(b) A magnet is moved relative to a long solenoid of 500 turns and Examiner Only
cross sectional area 1.5  10–2 m2 creating a magnetic field within the Marks Re-mark
solenoid.
The magnet is moved so that the magnetic flux density varied as

follows:
(i) the flux density increases uniformly from zero to 4.0  10–3 T in
1.0 ms;
(ii) the flux density remains constant for 2 ms;
(iii) the flux density changes uniformly to 2.0  10–3 T in the opposite
direction in 0.5 ms;
(iv) the flux density reduces uniformly to zero in 1.0 ms; and
(v) the flux density remains zero for 0.5 ms.
draw, to scale, two graphs;
(1) representing the variation of flux linkage through the coil with time
from zero to 5.0 ms;
(2) representing the variation of the induced e.m.f. in the coil over the
same period of time.
86
Graph 1 Examiner Only
Marks Re-mark
[5]
Graph 2
[5]
87 [Turn over
Quality of written communication will be assessed in this question. Examiner Only
Marks Re-mark
5 (a) (i) Describe how a suitable input voltage, applied to the primary coil
of a transformer, results in an output voltage being obtained from
the secondary coil.
[6]
(ii) An input voltage is connected to a transformer. An output voltage

with half the peak value of the input is required.
(1) State the type of transformer which should be used.

[1]
(2) State the relation which must apply between the number of
turns Np in the primary coil and the number of turns Ns in the
secondary coil.

[1]
88
(b) Transformers are not 100% efficient. Examiner Only
Marks Re-mark
State two different sources of energy loss in the form of heat in a
transformer.
In each case, state how and where the heat is generated.
[4]
(c) High voltage transmission has advantages in the distribution of

electrical power to consumers.
Explain two possible disadvantages in using such a system.
[2]
(d) A simple a.c. generator consists of a coil of wire rotating in a uniform

magnetic field of flux density 5.2  10–2 T. The coil has 750 turns,
each of area 6.5  10–3 m2. The coil rotates at 540 revolutions per
minute.
Calculate the peak e.m.f. of the output of the generator.

e.m.f.  V [3]
89 [Turn over
6 (a) Antimatter is matter made up of antiparticles. Examiner Only
Marks Re-mark
What is an antiparticle?
[1]
(b) At the CERN laboratory, antiprotons have been formed using protons
accelerated in a synchrotron. The protons are smashed into an
iridium rod. The antiprotons produced are separated off using
magnets in a vacuum.
(i) Draw and label a diagram to show the structure of a synchrotron.
[3]
(ii) Explain how the synchrotron causes a proton to achieve the

kinetic energy needed to form antiprotons during the collision with
iridium.
[2]

90
(c)
The annihilation of a positron occurs when it meets an electron. This Examiner Only
is represented by the equation Marks Re-mark

0 0
1 e  –1 e  2 γ
where γ is a photon.
(i) Explain why two photons are produced.
[1]
(ii) Calculate the energy E of each photon produced.
E  J [2]
91 [Turn over
7 (a) Consider a neutral atom of beryllium ( 94 Be). Examiner Only
Marks Re-mark
State how many leptons, baryons and mesons a neutral atom of
beryllium contains.
Explain your answers.
(i) Number of leptons 
Explanation
[1]
(ii) Number of baryons 
Explanation
[1]
(iii) Number of mesons 
Explanation
[1]
(iv) Baryons and mesons are types of hadrons.
What are the differences between leptons and hadrons?
[3]
92
(b) Equation 7.1 represents the reaction between a particle X and a Examiner Only
neutron. Which results in the formation of a proton and an electron. Marks Re-mark
X  n → p  e–
Equation 7.1
In this equation, lepton number is conserved in the same way as

charge is conserved. That is, the sum of the lepton numbers on the
left-hand side of the equation must equal the sum of the lepton
numbers on the right-hand side.
By considering the conservation of charge and the conservation of

lepton number, identify particle X.
Reasoning:
Particle X  [3]
93 [Turn over
BLANK PAGE
94
8 In some experiments on proton beams physicists need to ensure that all Examiner Only
the protons in the beam are moving with the same velocity. This question Marks Re-mark
is about the apparatus needed to select from a beam of protons all those
which are moving with the same, chosen velocity.
One part of the velocity selector consists of two parallel metal plates
placed 200 mm apart in a vacuum as shown in Fig. 8.1 below. The plates
are connected to a high voltage power supply, with the left plate at a
potential of 500 V and the right plate at a potential of 0 volts.
+500V 0V
Fig. 8.1
© CCEA
(a) (i) Draw lines with arrows on them to show the electric field between
the two plates. [2]
(ii) Calculate the size of the electric field between the plates.
Electric field  NC–1 [2]
(iii) Calculate the force on a proton in this electric field and state its
direction.
Force  N
Direction _____________________________________________________________________________ [3]

95 [Turn over
A thin beam of protons passes vertically through a hole in a slit above the Examiner Only
plates and enters the electric field as shown in Fig. 8.2. Marks Re-mark
(b) (i) On the Fig. 8.2 below sketch the path of the protons, inside the
field and as they emerge from it, assuming they do no not touch
either of the vertical plates.
protons
+500V 0V
[2]
Fig. 8.2
© CCEA
The electric field is now switched off and a magnetic field is applied
between the plates in a direction out of the plane of the paper.
(ii) In Fig. 8.3 below sketch the path of the protons as they move
through the magnetic field. Assume that the protons do not touch
the vertical plates.
protons
Magnetic field between

plates is out of the plane
of the paper.
[1]
Fig. 8.3
© CCEA
96
The electric field and the magnetic field are now applied at the same time Examiner Only
in the region between the plates. It is found that many of the protons travel Marks Re-mark
in a straight line and emerge through a small hole as shown in Fig. 8.4
below. protons
Magnetic field between

plates is out of the plane
of the paper.
+500V 0V

Fig. 8.4
© CCEA
(c) (i) State the magnitude of the force on the undeflected protons due
to the magnetic field.
Force  N [1]
(ii) The protons emerge from velocity selector with a speed of

5000 ms–1.
Calculate the flux density of the magnetic field applied.
Magnetic flux density  T [3]
(iii) This type of velocity selector will not work for all sub-atomic
particles. Name one subatomic particle for which this velocity
selector will not work.
Particle  [1]
(iv) The proton beam is now replaced with a beam of alpha particles,
all other aspects of the apparatus remaining exactly the same as
before.
Will the speed of the emerging alpha particles be different from

that of the protons? Give a reason for your answer.

[2]
97 [Turn over
98
Centre Number
Candidate Number
ADVANCED
2018
Physics
Assessment Unit A2 3A
assessing
Practical Techniques and Data Analysis
[CODE]
SPECIMEN PAPER
TIME
1 hour.
Answer both questions.

The total mark for this paper is 40
For Examiner’s
use only
Question
Marks
Number
1
2
Total
Marks
99
Marks Re-mark
1 Introduction
In this experiment you will measure the capacitance of a capacitor.
Aims
The aims of the experiment are:
• To obtain values of the voltage across the capacitor at various times

during charging,
• To analyse the results.
Apparatus
You are provided with a circuit containing a power pack, digital voltmeter,
fixed resistor of known value, and a switch. A stopclock is also supplied.
Procedure
Fig. 1.1 is a diagram of the circuit provided.
Power supply
v
s
Fig. 1.1
© CCEA
When the switch S is closed it short-circuits the capacitor and prevents it

from charging. With the power supply turned on, charging starts when the
switch is opened.
Close the switch and then turn on the power supply. The digital voltmeter
should read zero.
Open the switch and note the voltage every 20 seconds for a period of 120
seconds. Record the results in Table 1.1. You may find it helpful to practice
first. If you miss a reading, repeat the whole procedure. There is a space
in the table for an additional attempt, and the other rows are for the
calculation of values which you will need later.
Theory
The relationship between the potential difference V across the capacitor

and time t is given by
ln (VS – V)  ln VS – t Equation 1.1

CR
Where VS is the supply voltage, C is the capacitance of the capacitor and
R is the resistance of the charging circuit.
100
Analysis Examiner Only
Marks Re-mark
You are to plot a linear graph using Equation 1.1 which will allow you to
find CR, and hence calculate C.
(a) State the quantities to be plotted on each axis of the graph.
Vertical (y) axis:
Horizontal (x) axis:
State how CR will be obtained from the graph.
[2]
Results
Table 1.1
t/s 0 20 40 60 80 100 120
V/V 0
[4]
Record also the value of the supply voltage VS, which is provided on a
card.
VS  ________________ V
(b) To plot the graph in (a), you will need to calculate appropriate
quantities from your experimental results. Label each additional row
you use in Table 1.1. Include relevant units. Calculate the values
needed and enter them in the table. [4]
(c) On the graph grid of Fig. 1.2 on the next page, label the axes and
choose suitable scales. Plot the points and draw the best straight line
through them. [5]
101 [Turn over

Examiner Only
Marks Re-mark
Fig. 1.2
102
(d) Refer to your answer to (a). From your graph, determine the value of Examiner Only
the quantity CR, with its unit. Marks Re-mark
CR  ___________________ unit: ___________________ [3]

(e) The resistance of the resistor is 47 kΩ. Calculate the capacitance of

the capacitor.
C  ___________________ µF [2]
103 [Turn over

2 In this experiment you will determine the focal length of a converging lens Examiner Only
by two different methods. Marks Re-mark
Aims
The aims of the experiment are:
• to use optical apparatus to form a focused image at a series of

positions;
• to analyse the results to find two values of the focal length from
different methods;
• to estimate the uncertainties in the values of the focal length; and
• to assess which method is preferable.
Apparatus
You are provided with a metre rule taped to the bench to form a simple
optical bench, a lens, a lens holder, a light box with cross-wire aperture, a
screen, a half-metre rule and a sheet of plain paper.
Procedure 1: Distant object method for focal length.
Place the sheet of plain paper flat on the bench. Hold the lens above the
paper and move it up and down until a focused image of a ceiling light is
obtained. The distance from the lens to paper is a value for the focal
length f, of the lens. Measure this distance with the half-metre rule and
record the value. Also record a value for the uncertainty you judge to exist
for the value of the focal length. Give an explanation for your estimate of
the uncertainty.
Results
f  mm [1]
Uncertainty  ± mm [1]
Explanation:
[1]
104
Procedure 2: Graphical method for focal length Examiner Only
Marks Re-mark
Arrange the apparatus as shown in Fig. 2.1
Lens screen
Light
box
Fig. 2.1
© CCEA
Set the lens at a distance x of 180 mm from the light box (the object) and
move the screen until a sharp image of the cross-wires is obtained on the
screen. Measure the distance L from the light box to the screen. Record
the value of L in Table 2.1.
Repeat the procedure until you have six sets of values of x and L in the
range from x  180 mm to x  750 mm. Record all the results in Table
2.1.
Results
Table 2.1
x/mm 180
L/mm
[3]
x/mm
L/mm
[2]
105 [Turn over

Analysis Examiner Only
Marks Re-mark
From your results in Table 2.1, you are to plot a graph of L against x which
will allow you to find the focal length of the lens in two different ways.
The graph of L against x should have a shape similar to that in Fig. 2.2.
x
Fig. 2.2
© CCEA
(a) (i) Using the graph grid of Fig. 2.3, choose suitable scales for the
graph of L against x. It is not necessary to include the origin.
Plot the six points from Table 2.1. Do not draw a curve through
them at this stage.
(ii) To find two values of the focal length by this method, you will have
to locate the minimum of your graph. After plotting the six points,
go back to the experiment and take a few more appropriate
readings to help you locate the minimum more precisely. There is
space in Table 2.1 for these additional readings. Plot the
additional readings and then draw a smooth curve through all the
points. [5]
106
Fig. 2.3
(b) (i) From your graph in Fig. 2.3, estimate the values of L and x at the
minimum of the curve.
Examiner Only
Value of L at the minimum  ___________________ mm Marks Re-mark
Value of x at the minimum  ___________________ mm [1]
107
(ii) The value of L at the minimum is 4f, where f is the focal length of Examiner Only
the lens, and the value of x at the minimum is 2f. Marks Re-mark
Use your values in b(i) to the best value for the focal length f of
the lens.
f  ___________________ mm [2]
(iii) Estimate the uncertainty in determining the focal length by the

graphical method. Explain how you arrive at this uncertainty.
Uncertainty in f  ± ___________________ mm
Explanation:
[2]
(c) Which method, the distant object method or the graphical method
would you recommend to a fellow student who needs to find the focal
length of a lens? Give reasons for your choice.
[2]
108
109
BLANK PAGE
110
Centre Number
Candidate Number
ADVANCED
2018
Physics
Assessment Unit A2 3B
assessing
and Data Analysis
[CODE]
SPECIMEN PAPER
TIME
1 hour.
Answer all three questions.

The total mark for this paper is 50.
For Examiner’s
use only
Question
Marks
Number
1
2
3
Total
Marks
111
Marks Re-mark
1 A cathode ray oscilloscope (C.R.O.) can be used to measure the voltage
and period of a wave form.
(a) The amplifier connected to the y-plates of a particular C.R.O. has a

sensitivity of 200 mV cm–1. Fig. 1.1 shows the position of the spot
when a d.c. potential of 0.4 V is applied to the y-amplifier. Each
square on the graticule is 1 cm.
(i) On Fig. 1.1 mark the new position of the spot when the d.c.
potential is 0.0 V. label the position A. [1]
(ii) On Fig. 1.1 mark the position of the spot when the d.c. potential is
–0.8 V. label the position B. [1]
Fig. 1.1
(b) The linear timebase on a C.R.O. is used to show the variation of the
input signal with time.
Explain how this is achieved.
[2]
112
(c) Fig. 1.2 shows the trace produced by an a.c. signal applied to the Examiner Only
y-amplifier. The y-sensitivity is set at 5 mV cm–1 and the timebase is Marks Re-mark
set at 60 µs cm–1. Each square is 1 cm.
Fig. 1.2
© CCEA
Fig. 1.2
(i) By taking measurements from the trace, calculate
(1) The maximum (peak) voltage generated.
Voltage  ________________ mV [1]
(2) The frequency of the signal.
Frequency  ________________ Hz [3]
(ii) Calculate the timebase setting needed to show only one cycle of
the wave over the complete screen.
Setting  ________________ µs cm–1 [1]
113 [Turn over

2 The circuit shown in Fig. 2.1 is used to determine the resistance of a Examiner Only
carbon resistor. Marks Re-mark
The ammeter used has negligible resistance and the resistance of the
voltmeter used is of the same order of magnitude as the carbon
resistor.
A R
Fig. 2.1
© CCEA
(a) (i) The voltmeter reads 5.78 V and the milliammeter 11.8 mA.
Calculate the resistance of the carbon resistor.
Resistance  ________________  [2]

(ii) Take the uncertainty in the milliammeter and voltmeter to be

±0.1 mA and ±0.01 V respectively.
Calculate the absolute uncertainty in the resistance value.
Uncertainty  ± ________________  [2]
114
(b) The actual resistance of the carbon resistor is 510 Ω. Examiner Only
Marks Re-mark
Explain why the resistance determined from this arrangement should
give an inaccurate value.
Draw the circuit you would use to give a more accurate value.
[3]
115 [Turn over

3 In this question you will analyse some data on the line spectra of sodium. Examiner Only
Marks Re-mark
In the study of spectra it is often convenient to use the wavenumber of a
line in the spectrum, rather than its wavelength. The wavenumber ω is
defined as
ω=1/λ
where λ is the wavelength. The wavenumber ω is in mm–1 if the

wavelength λ is in mm.
The emission spectrum of atomic sodium consists of several series of

lines. Table 3.1 gives the wavenumbers of some of the lines from one
particular series. They are numbered in sequence, and in this example
begin with n  3. The number n corresponds to an energy level.
Table 3.1
n 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
ω/mm–1 3500 3730 3850 3930 4010 4040
(a) (i) To how many significant figures are the wavenumbers quoted?
________________ [1]
(ii) The wavelength of the line corresponding to n  7 is 251 nm.

Calculate its wavenumber ω and enter it in Table 3.1. [1]
116
(iii) You are to use the values in Table 3.1 to plot a graph of ω against Examiner Only
n on the graph grid of Fig. 3.1. Marks Re-mark
Consider the range of values of ω and select a suitable scale for

the vertical axis. Plot the points and draw the best smooth curve
through them. [4]
ω/mm–1
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 n
Fig. 3.1

(iv) Determine the slope, m, of your curve at n  5 and record its
value and unit.
m  ________________ unit  ________________ [4]
117
(v) It can be shown that Examiner Only
Marks Re-mark
2B
m= Equation 3.1
(n + 1)3
where B is a constant. Use your value of m from (iv) to calculate
the value of B when n  5.
B  ___________________ [2]

(b) The wavenumbers ω of the lines in this series are related by

B
ω = A − Equation 3.2
(n  1)2
where A is another constant.
(i) You are to find the value of A, and another value of B, by drawing
a linear graph using Equation 3.2. The vertical axis of this graph
is ω.
What is the horizontal axis?
Horizontal axis ___________________________ [1]

(ii) Table 3.2 reproduces some of the data from Table 3.1, together
with a blank row for the horizontal axis values.
Table 3.2
n 3 4 5 6 9
ω/mm–1 3500 3730 3850 3930 4040
Horizontal axis values

Make the necessary calculations to enable you to plot the graph
in (i), and enter the values in the spaces provided. [2]
(iii) Label the horizontal axis of the graph grid of Fig. 3.2 and choose
a suitable scale, starting from zero. Plot the points and draw the
best straight line through them. [4]
118
ω/mm–1
4300

4200
4100
4000
3900
3800
3700
3600
3500
3400
Fig. 3.2
Examiner Only
(iv) Obtain the gradient and the appropriate intercept of your graph in Marks Re-mark
Fig. 3.2. Hence deduce the values of A and B. Record these
values together with their units.
A  ___________________ ______________
B  ___________________ ______________ [4]
119
(v) You now have two values for the constant B: the first from (a)(v) Examiner Only
and the second from (b)(iv). Marks Re-mark
State, with a reason, which value you consider the more reliable.
[2]

(c) (i) Using your values of A and B from (b)(iv) and the Equation 3.2,
calculate the wavelength of the line corresponding to n  2.
Wavelength  ___________________ nm [3]
(ii) In which region of the electromagnetic spectrum does this

wavelength lie?
[1]

(iii) (1) Calculate the frequency of the line in the spectrum of

wavelength 251 nm, corresponding to n  7.
Frequency  ___________________ Hz [2]
(2) Find the energy of a photon of the frequency calculated in (1).

Give your answer in electron volts (eV).
Photon energy  ___________________ eV [3]
120
121
BLANK PAGE
122
ADVANCED SUBSIDIARY
2018
Physics
Assessment Unit AS
[CODE]
SPECIMEN
DATA AND FORMULAE SHEET
123
Appendix 2: Data and formulae sheet for AS 1 and AS 2
Values of constants
speed of light in a vacuum c = 3.00  108 m s–1
elementary charge e = –1.60  10–19 C
the Planck constant h = 6.63  10–34 J s
mass of electron me = 9.11  10–31 kg
mass of proton mp = 1.67  10–27 kg
acceleration of free fall on

the Earth’s surface g = 9.81 m s–2
electron volt 1 eV = 1.60  10–19 J
the Hubble constant H0 c 2.4 # 10-18 s-1
Useful formulae
The following equations may be useful in answering some of the questions in the examination:
Mechanics
1
Conservation of energy –
2
mv 2 – 1–
2
mu 2 = Fs for a constant force
Waves
ay
Two-source interference = d
Diffraction grating d sin i = n 
Light
1 1 1
Lens formula + =
u v f
Electricity
Terminal potential difference V = E – Ir (e.m.f., E; Internal Resistance, r)

R1Vin
Potential divider Vout = R + R
1 2
a.c. generator E = BAN ~sin ~t
Particles and photons

1
Einstein’s equation –
2
mvmax 2 = hf - hf0
h
De Broglie equation = p
Astronomy
V
Cosmological red shift z=

v
Recession speed z= c
Hubble’s law v = H0 d
124
ADVANCED SUBSIDIARY
2018
Physics
Assessment Unit A2
[CODE]
SPECIMEN
DATA AND FORMULAE SHEET
125
Appendix 3: Data and Formulae Sheet for A2 1 and A2 2
Values of constants
speed of light in a vacuum c = 3.00  108 m s–1
permittivity of a vacuum 0 = 8.85  10–12 F m–1

1
= 8.99 × 109 F –1 m
4πε0
elementary charge e = –1.60  10–19 C
the Planck constant h = 6.63  10–34 J s
(unied) atomic mass unit 1 u = 1.66 10–27 kg
mass of electron me = 9.11  10–31 kg
mass of proton mp = 1.67  10–27 kg
molar gas constant R = 8.31 J K–1 mol–1
the Avogadro constant NA = 6.02  1023 mol–1
the Boltzmann constant k = 1.38  10–23 J K–1
gravitational constant G = 6.67  10–11 N m2 kg–2
acceleration of free fall on

the Earth’s surface g = 9.81 m s–2
electron volt 1 eV = 1.60  10–19 J
126
Useful formulae
The following equations may be useful in answering some of the questions in the examination:
Mechanics
1 1
Conservation of energy –
2
mv 2 – –
2
mu 2 = Fs for a constant force
Hooke’s Law F = kx (spring constant k)

1 1
Strain energy E=–
2
Fx = –
2
kx 2
Uniform circular motion

mv 2
Centripetal Force F= r
Simple harmonic motion
Displacement x = A cos t
l
Simple pendulum T = 2π g
m
Loaded spiral spring T = 2π k
Waves
ay
Two-source interference =
d
Diffraction grating d sin i = n 
Thermal physics
Average kinetic energy of a

1 3
molecule – 2 –
2 m c = 2 kT
1
Kinetic theory pV = –
3 Nm c
2
Thermal energy Q = mc∆
[Turn over
127
Capacitors
1 1 1 1
= + +
Capacitors in series
Capacitors in parallel C = C1 + C2 + C3
Time constant  = RC
-t -t -t
Capacitor discharge Q = Q0 e CR or V = V0 e CR or I = I0 e CR
Light
1
Lens formula + =
u v f
Electricity
Terminal potential difference V = E – Ir (e.m.f., E; Internal Resistance, r)

R1Vin
Potential divider Vout =
R +R
a.c. generator E = BAN ~ sin ~t
Nuclear Physics
1
Nuclear radius r = r0 A 3
Radioactive decay A = -  N, A = A0 e -  t
0. 693
Half-life t1– =
2
λ
Particles and photons

1 2
-
Einstein’s equation 2 mvmax = hf hf0
De Broglie equation = h
p
Astronomy
V
Cosmological red shift z= 
v
Recession speed z= c
Hubble’s law v = H0 d
128
ADVANCED
2017
Physics
[CODE]
SPECIMEN
APPARATUS AND MATERIALS LIST

AND
CONFIDENTIAL INSTRUCTIONS
129
PHYSICS UNIT 3 (AS 3A)
APPARATUS AND MATERIALS REQUIRED FOR PRACTICAL ASSESSMENTS
1 Apparatus and Materials List
In April, prior to carrying out the Practical Techniques Assessment units, centres will
receive a copy of the Apparatus and Materials list for both the AS 3A and A2 3A units.
As is normally the case, this will include preliminary information on the apparatus and
materials required for the practical assessments. Information about the apparatus
and the materials required for these assessments must NOT be communicated to
students. If apparatus/materials have their serial code and/or manufacturer specified
then it is essential that centres use this exact apparatus. On receipt of the Apparatus and
Materials list, centres must contact the CCEA Science Subject Officer ([email protected])
immediately if they have difficulty in sourcing the specified apparatus. The Apparatus and
Materials List will also contain details of the timing of sessions that can be used for both
practical assessments. As always, if more than one available session is being used, care
must be taken to segregate candidates who have taken the assessment from those who
have still to sit the assessment.
2 Final Apparatus Testing
The practical assessment question paper will be made available to the Head of
Department two working days before the timetabled starting time so that teachers and
technicians can carry out a final test on the experiments. If on checking, the apparatus
gives unexpected results, the CCEA Science Subject Officer should be contacted
immediately ([email protected]). If the problem cannot be resolved, then the centre must
e-mail the CCEA Science Subject Officer and CCEA Science Support Officer (ntierney@
ccea.org.uk) stating the centre name and number, the specific nature of the problem and
the range of anomalous results produced. CCEA will respond by acknowledging receipt
of the e-mail. If you do not receive a response within 24 hours, please contact the CCEA
Science Subject Officer or Support Officer by telephone (028 90261406) to confirm that
CCEA has received your e-mail.
3 Practical Assessment AS3A
The AS 3A Practical Techniques Assessment is a test of practical skills comprised of 4

short experimental tests. The duration of the assessment is 1 hour. Some of this time will
be set aside for supervisors to re-set the apparatus ready for the next candidates. The
assessment should be run as a circus of experiments with candidates moving to the next
experiment at the designated time. The assessment should be timed as follows:
Questions Time
Q1 (Short practical test) 13 minutes
Changeover and practical write-up 2 minutes
At the end of the 13 minute period, candidates must stop using the apparatus. During
each 2 minute changeover period candidates may continue with their write up, however
they will not have access to the apparatus.
130
4 After the Practical Assessments
When the individual exam sessions have finished, please return the AS 3A and A2 3A
practical scripts together with the corresponding advice notes to the examinations officer
(EO). We will collect these by the day after the examination. If we don’t, please contact
us immediately to arrange another time for collection.
Where the centre finds that a candidate may have been disadvantaged because the
apparatus did not function as intended, the supervising teachers should make a report
to the EO. The EO will forward the confidential report on the issue and the candidates
affected to the centre support section at CCEA for special consideration. Candidates
should be identified by their examination number.
IMPORTANT NOTICE
Centres are urged to order items needed for the Physics Practical Tests from the
suppliers as soon as possible.
131
Confidential Instructions
Question 1
Requirements
• 4.7 Ω resistor, mounted in holder, labelled R.
• 2 x 1.5 V cells in holders
• 0-5 V dc voltmeter, digital
• 0-1 A dc ammeter, digital
• 0-20 Ω variable resistor
• Connecting wires
Preparations
Conceal any value marking on the 4.7 Ω resistor.

Lay the circuit components on the bench, unconnected.
Action at changeover
Disconnect the candidate’s circuit and arrange as in “Preparations”.
Question 2
Requirements
• Trolley and runway
• 100g slotted mass carrier
• 4 x 100g masses
• String
• Pulley wheel
• 2 light gates
• Card
• Datalogger, laptop and appropriate software
Preparation
Set up a standard friction compensated runway with a pulley attached to allow mass overhang.
Position the two light gates so that the card on the back of the trolley will pass through the gates
as it travels down the slope.
132
Prepare the software by entering the card width and choosing the option that will automatically
calculate and display the acceleration.
Place the 4 x 100g slotted masses and the carrier beside the arrangement.
Remove the slotted masses and carrier.

Reset the computer software for a new set of values.
Question 3
Requirements
• Ray box
• A4 white pages (6 per candidate)
• Rectangular glass or Perspex block
• Protractor and ruler
Preparation
Place all the components together on the bench
Remove all used white pages and replace with 6 clean sheets.
Place all the components on the bench as before.
Question 4
Requirements
• Metal column of approximate dimensions, diameter 15mm, height 80mm
• Micrometer screw gauge, 0-25mm, analogue or digital
• Vernier calipers, 0-150mm, analogue or digital
• Half metre rule
• Newton balance 0-10N
• Digital top pan balance
Preparation
Place all the components together on the bench.

Check all apparatus properly zeroed.
Reposition all the apparatus as before.
133
BLANK PAGE
134
ADVANCED
2018
Physics
[CODE]
SPECIMEN
APPARATUS AND MATERIALS LIST

AND
CONFIDENTIAL INSTRUCTIONS
135
PHYSICS UNIT 3 (A2 3A)
APPARATUS AND MATERIALS REQUIRED FOR PRACTICAL ASSESSMENTS
1 Apparatus and Materials List
In April, prior to carrying out the Practical Techniques Assessment units, centres will
receive a copy of the Apparatus and Materials List for both the AS 3A and A2 3A units.
This will include preliminary information on the apparatus and materials required for the
Practical Assessments. Information about the apparatus and the materials required
for these assessments must not be communicated to students. If apparatus/materials
have their serial code and/or manufacturer specified then it is essential that centres
use this exact apparatus. On receipt of the Apparatus and Materials List, centres must
contact the CCEA Science Subject Officer ([email protected]) immediately if they have
difficulty in sourcing the specified apparatus. The Apparatus and Materials List will also
contain details of the timing of sessions that can be used for both practical assessments.
As always, if more than one available session is being used, care must be taken to
segregate candidates who have taken the assessment from those who have still to sit the
assessment.
2 Final Apparatus Testing
The practical assessment question paper will be made available to the Head of
Department two working days before the timetabled starting time so that teachers and
technicians can carry out a final test on the experiments. If, on checking, the apparatus
gives unexpected results, the CCEA Science Subject Officer should be contacted
immediately ([email protected]). If the problem cannot be resolved, then the centre must
e-mail the CCEA Science Subject Officer and CCEA Science Support Officer (ntierney@
ccea.org.uk) stating the centre name and number, the specific nature of the problem and
the range of anomalous results produced. CCEA will respond by acknowledging receipt
of the e-mail. If you do not receive a response within 24 hours, please contact the CCEA
Science Subject Officer or Support Officer by telephone (028 90261406) to confirm that
CCEA has received your e-mail.
3 Practical Assessment A2 3A
The A2 3A Practical Techniques Assessment is a test of practical skills comprised of two

experimental tests (40 marks). The duration of the assessment is 1 hour. Some of this
time will be set aside for supervisors to re-set apparatus for the next candidates. In each
of the experimental tests (Q1 and Q2), candidates must stop using the apparatus after
28 minutes. At the end of each 28 minute period, a changeover time of 2 minutes will
be set aside for the supervisor to re-set the apparatus for the next candidates. During
the changeover periods, candidates may continue with their write-up, however they will
not have access to the apparatus. Candidates will move on to the next question after 30
minutes. The supervisor can decide in which order the candidates should attempt the
questions.
4 After the Practical Assessment
When the individual exam sessions have finished, please return the AS 3A and A2 3A
practical scripts together with the corresponding advice notes to the examinations officer
(EO). We will collect these by the day after the examination. If we don’t, please contact
us immediately to arrange another time for collection.
136
Where the centre finds a candidate may have been disadvantaged because the apparatus
did not function as intended, the supervising teachers should make a report to the EO.
The EO will forward the confidential report on the issue and the candidates affected to the
centre support section at CCEA for special consideration. Candidates should be identified
by their examination number.
IMPORTANT NOTICE
Centres are urged to order items needed for the Physics Practical Tests from the
suppliers as soon as possible.
137
Confidential Instructions
Question 1
Requirements
• Power supply, about 10 V dc smoothed
• Voltmeter, 0-20 V, digital
• Capacitor, 470 µF
• Resistor, 100 kΩ
• Stopclock
• Component holders
• Switch
Preparation
• Use a label to conceal any markings on the 100 kΩ resistor. Write RESISTOR R on the
label.
• Attach the resistor to one of the component holders.
• Use a label to conceal any markings on the 470F capacitor. Write CAPACITOR C on the
label.
• Clearly mark the plus and minus ends of the capacitor for use when connecting the circuit.
• Attach the capacitor to the other component holder.
• Set the power pack to approximately 10 V and use the voltmeter to measure the exact
output.
• Write this value on a card as, for example Vˢ = 10.3 V.
•
• Leave this card on the bench beside the power supply.
• On the power supply, tape over the controls and unneeded sockets.
• Connect the circuit shown in fig1.1 on the paper.
Testing
Switch on the power supply and close the switch. The voltmeter should read zero. Open the
switch. The capacitor should start to charge and should reach nearly 10 V after about 120s
Switch off the power supply and close the switch. Check that the voltmeter reads 0 V.
138
Question 2
Requirements
• Light box with illuminated crosswires
• Metre rule
• Half-metre rule
• Screen
• Lens, biconverging, 50mm diameter, focal length 100mm
• Lens holder
• Sheet of A4 paper
Preparation
• Measure, to the nearest 5mm, the focal length of each of the lens to be used in the
examination. If possible, select lenses with focal lengths in the range 95mm to 105mm.
Candidates will be required to use the lens to obtain a focused image of a nearby ceiling
light.
• Select a position for the experiment below such a light. Place the sheet of paper on the
bench below the light and check that a reasonably bright, focused image can be obtained,
even in sunlight.
• Place a reference mark on the lens holder below the optical centre of the lens when it is in
the holder. Attach the metre rule to the bench with adhesive tape. Position the light box at
the end of the rule in such a way that the lens and screen can be placed against the metre
rule, forming a simple optical bench.
• Check that it is possible to slide the lens holder and/or screen along the edge of the rule to
form an image of crosswires on the screen. If necessary, adjust the height of either screen
of lens holder so that the image on the screen is always formed at the same height above
the bench as that of the crosswires.
• The optical bench arrangement is to be left assembled for candidates’ use.

• Check that both light box and ceiling lights are on.
Testing
Check that, with the lens 120mm from the crosswires, a sharp image can be formed when the
screen is approximately 600mm from the lens.
Confirm that the image of the crosswires can be obtained on the screen.
139
BLANK PAGE
140
MARK SCHEME
DIVIDER FRONT
141
MARK SCHEME
DIVIDER BACK
142
Physics
GENERAL MARKING
INSTRUCTIONS
143
General Marking Instructions
Introduction
The main purpose of the mark scheme is to ensure that examinations are marked accurately,
consistently and fairly. The mark scheme provides examiners with an indication of the nature
and range of candidates’ responses likely to be worthy of credit. It also sets out the criteria
which they should apply in allocating marks to candidates’ responses.
Assessment objectives
Below are the assessment objectives for GCE Physics:
Candidates should be able to:
AO1 Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of Physics ideas, processes, techniques

and procedures.
AO2 Apply knowledge and understanding of Physics ideas, processes, techniques and
procedures:
• in a range of theoretical and practical contexts;
• when handling qualitative and quantitative data; and
• to solve scientific problems.
AO3 Analyse, interpret and evaluate a range of Physics information, ideas and evidence
to:
• make judgements and reach conclusions (including in relation to issues);
• refine practical design and procedures;
• make, record and communicate reliable and valid observations and
measurements with appropriate precision and accuracy.
Quality of candidates’ responses

In marking the examination papers, examiners should be looking for a quality of response
reflecting the level of maturity which may reasonably be expected of a 17 or 18-year-old which
is the age at which the majority of candidates sit their GCE examinations.
Flexibility in marking
Mark schemes are not intended to be totally prescriptive. No mark scheme can cover all the
responses which candidates may produce. In the event of unanticipated answers, examiners
are expected to use their professional judgement to assess the validity of answers. If an
answer is particularly problematic, then examiners should seek the guidance of the Supervising
Examiner.
Positive marking
Examiners are encouraged to be positive in their marking, giving appropriate credit for what
candidates know, understand and can do rather than penalising candidates for errors or
omissions. The exception to this for GCE Physics is when Examiners are marking complex
calculations and mechanisms when the Examiners are briefed to mark by error or omission.
Examiners should make use of the whole of the available mark range for any particular question
and be prepared to award full marks for a response which is as good as might reasonably be
expected of a 17 or 18-year-old GCE candidate.
Awarding zero marks

Marks should only be awarded for valid responses and no marks should be awarded for an
answer which is completely incorrect or inappropriate.
144
Marking Calculations
In marking answers involving calculations, examiners should apply the error carried forward
(ecf) rule so that candidates are not penalised more than once for a computational error. To
avoid a candidate being penalised, marks can be awarded where correct conclusions or
inferences are made from their incorrect calculations.
Types of mark schemes

In A2, mark schemes for tasks or questions which require candidates to respond in extended
written form are marked on the basis of levels of response which take account of the quality of
written communication.
Other questions which require only short answers are marked on a point for point basis with
marks awarded for each valid piece of information provided.
Levels of response
In deciding which level of response to award, examiners should look for the number of indicative
content points in candidate responses to ensure that the answer has been written to coincide
with the question. In deciding which mark within a particular level to award to any response,
quality of communication will be assessed and examiners are expected to use their professional
judgement.
The following guidance is provided to assist examiners.
• Threshold performance: Response which just merits inclusion in the level but the
quality of communication is basic should be awarded a mark at the bottom of the
range.
• High performance: Response which fully satisfies the level description for both
content and quality of communication should be awarded a mark at the top of the
range.
Quality of written communication

Quality of written communication is taken into account in assessing candidates’ responses to
all tasks and questions on theory examination papers that require them to respond in extended
written form. These tasks and questions are marked on the basis of levels of response. The
description for each level of response includes reference to the quality of written communication.
For conciseness, quality of written communication is distinguished within levels of response as

follows:
Level 1 Quality of written communication is basic.

Level 2 Quality of written communication is good.
Level 3 Quality of written communication is excellent.
In interpreting these level descriptions, examiners should refer to the more detailed guidance
provided below:
Level 1 (Basic): Basic reference to scientific terminology. The candidate makes only a limited
selection and use of an appropriate form and style of writing. The organisation of material may
lack clarity and coherence. There is little use of specialist vocabulary. Presentation, spelling,
punctuation and grammar may be such that intended meaning is not clear.
145
Level 2 (Good): Good reference to scientific terminology. The candidate makes a reasonable
selection and use of an appropriate form and style of writing. Relevant material is organised
with some clarity and coherence. There is some use of appropriate specialist vocabulary.
Presentation, spelling, punctuation and grammar are sufficiently competent to make meaning
clear.
Level 3 (Excellent): Excellent reference to scientific terminology. The candidate successfully

selects and uses the most appropriate form and style of writing. Relevant material is organised
with a high degree of clarity and coherence. There is widespread and accurate use of
appropriate specialist vocabulary. Presentation, spelling, punctuation and grammar are of a
sufficiently high standard to make meaning clear.
146
ADVANCED SUBSIDIARY
2017
Physics
assessing
Forces, Energy and Electricity
[CODE]
SPECIMEN
MARK
SCHEME
147
Subject-specific Instructions
In numerical problems, the marks for the intermediate steps shown in the mark scheme are for the
benefit of candidates who do not obtain the final correct answer. A correct answer and unit, if obtained
from a valid starting-point, gets full credit, even if all the intermediate steps are not shown. It is not
necessary to quote correct units for intermediate numerical quantities.
Note that this “correct answer” rule does not apply for formal proofs and derivations, which must be valid
in all stages to obtain full credit.
Do not reward wrong physics. No credit is given for consistent substitution of numerical data, or
subsequent arithmetic, in a physically incorrect equation. However, answers to subsequent stages
of questions that are consistent with an earlier incorrect numerical answer, and are based on physically
correct equation, must gain full credit. Designate this by writing ECF (Error Carried Forward) by your text
marks.
The normal penalty for an arithmetical and/or unit error is to lose the mark(s) for the answer/unit line.
Substitution errors lose both the substitution and answer marks, but 10n errors (e.g. writing 550 nm as
550  10–6 m) count only as arithmetical slips and lose the answer mark.
148
1 (a) scalar has magnitude only, vector has magnitude and direction [1] AVAILABLE
MARKS
(b) kelvin or mole [1]

Temperature or quantity of substance [1] [2]
(c)
Quantity Scalar Vector Unit
Velocity ü m s–1
Kinetic energy ü kg m2 s–2
Charge ü A s
Resistance ü kg m2 s–3 A–2
{ 1
2 (a) any direction in the first quadrant, [1]

4x1 [5] 8
Not including vertical and horizontal [1] [2]
(b) horizontal  170 cos 30  147 N [1]

Vertical  170 sin 30  85 N [1] [2]
(c) 147 N or ecf from (b) [1]
(d) Fvert + 170 sin 30  250 [1]

Fvert  250 – 85  165 N [1] [2]
(e) F2  1472 + 1652 [1] or ecf from (c) and (d)

F  221 N [1]
Tan θ  165 / 147 [1]
F is at an angle of 48.3° above the horizontal [1] [4] 11
149
3 (i) (v-u) / a  t [1] AVAILABLE
27–21 / 2  t  3 s [1] [2] MARKS
(ii) One horizontal line from 21 [1]

Diagonal line 21–27 for 3 secs, [1]
then horizontal [1] [3]
(iii) 48  2  96 m to make up [1]

For the first 3 s a 9 m catch up [1]
6 m catch up every second thereafter, [1]
87 / 6  14.5 [1]
Time  3 + 14.5  17.5 s [1] [5]
(iv) 17.5  27  472.5 [1]

472.5 – 9  463.5 m [1] [2]
(v) Car being overtaken does not change speed [1] 13
4 (a) vertical component  25 sin 35° ( 14.3) [1]

Time to reach max. height  14.3 / 9.81  1.46 [1] [2]
(b) s  ut - ½gt2 or v2  u2 – 2gs [1]

Max height  10.5 m or ecf [1] [2]
(c) Time of flight  2  time to reach max. height [1]

Horizontal component  25 cos 35° ( 20.5 m s–1) [1]
S  vhorz  t [1]
S  59.8 m or ecf [1] [4]
(d) At time t  0.6 s

Vertical component of velocity  8.45 m s–1 [1]
Horizontal component  20.5 m s–1
V2  vvert2  vhorz2
V  22.16 m s–1 [1]
tan θ = 8.45/20.48 [1]
θ = 22.42° to horizontal [1] [4] 12
5 (a) (i) Impulse  mv – mu [1]

 0.15 (25 – [–40]) subs [1] double negative [1]
 9.75 kg m s–1 or N s
answer [1] unit [1] [5]
(ii) Impulse  F t [1]

F  9.75 / 0.01  975 N [1] [2]
(b) m1u1  m2u2  m1v1 + m2v2 [1]

1.5  1.0  1.2  0  1.5 v  1.2  0.8 lhs [1] rhs [1] [2]
V  0.36 m s–1 [1] [4] 11
150
6 (i) A correctly proportioned diagram including all components described [1] AVAILABLE
All forces and distances correctly labelled [1] [2] MARKS
(ii) Moments about R1

1.5  80  9.8  1.0  30  9.8  2  R2 [1]
R2  735 N [1]
equilibrium of forces WM  WP  R1  R2 [1]
30  9.8  80  9.8  R1  R2 [1]
R1  343 N [1] [5]
(iii) Moments about R1

80  D  1.0  30 [1]
D  0.375 [1]
Distance from the end  0.5 – 0.375  0.125 m [1] [3] 10
7 (i) v – u  at [1]
a  (2 – 0)/ 5  0.4 m s–2 [1] [2]
(ii) R – W  ma up positive [1]

R  mg + ma [1]
R  60  10.2 [1]
R  613 N [1] [4]
(iii) (1) a  0 therefore R  W [1]

(2) a  negative value R < W [1] [2]
(iv) Apply T – W  ma [1]

T  m (9.8 – 0.8) [1]
T  660  9  5940 N [1] [3] 11
8 (a) (i) For a conductor under constant physical conditions or constant

temperature [1]
Current is proportional to potential difference [1] [2]
(ii) (1) e.g. copper or metal [1]

(2) Linear graph through the origin [1] [2]
(iii) Device is a non-ohmic conductor [1]

because current not proportional to potential difference [1] [2]
(b) R
Current through* (wire) and corresponding voltage across* (wire)
measured [1]
*one stated or both
Stating R = V/I [1]
A
Micrometer to measure diameter [1]
At least twice and average [1]
Equation to calculate A:
A  πd2/4 or r  d/2 and A  πr2 [1]
[5] 11
151
9 (a) (i) series RAB  RBC  20  30  50 [1] AVAILABLE
Parallel 1/ RAC  1/50  1/50 [1] [2] MARKS
(ii) resistance between A and B  16 (Ω) [1]

resistance  10 [1] [2]
(iii) resistance  15 [1]
(b)
R2
Vin
R1
Vout

circuit [1] © CCEA
V labels [1]
R labels [1] [3]

(c) (i) R  resistance of parallel combination of 5.0 k Ω and 0.20 k Ω
1 / R  1/5.0  1/ 0.20 [1]
R  0.192 k Ω [1]
Vout  12  0.192 /(5  0.192) [1]
Vout  0.44 V ans to at least 2 sig fig to confirm valid [1] [4]
(ii) if R  0, Vdark  Vill or equivalent [1] 13

Paper Total 100
152
ADVANCED SUBSIDIARY
2017
Physics
assessing
Waves, Photons and Astronomy
[CODE]
SPECIMEN
MARK
SCHEME
153
marks.
154
AVAILABLE
1 (a) (i) Wave in which oscillations are in one plane only [1] MARKS
(ii) f = 11.3  109 [1]

λ = c/f = 3.00  108 / 11.3  109 [1]
wavelength = 2.65  10–2 m [1] [3]
(iii) Microwave [1]
(b) (i) Oscillations of the particles parallel to the direction of propagation of

the wave [1]
(ii) Sound [1]
(c) (i) amplitude = 4 cm [1]
(ii) Period = 2 ms [1]

Frequency = 500 Hz [1] [2]
(iii) Phase difference = 90° or π/2 rad [1] 11
2 (a) (i) Labelled diagram to show illuminated object and screen with converging
lens between them, metre rule (optical bench) and u and v distances
identified.
Items [1]
Labels [1] [2]
(ii) Place lens at a distance from illuminated object > focal length [1]
Move screen until clear image on screen [1]
Record u, v (as shown in diagram or defined) [1]
Repeat 4 more times for different values of u [1] [4]
(iii) Calculate values of (1/u + 1/v) [1]

Average [1]
Find reciprocal [1]
OR
Draw 1/u vs. 1/v graph

Find average of intercepts
Find reciprocal [3]
155
(b) m = v/u = 50 [1] m = v/u = 100 [1] AVAILABLE
v = 50 u v = 100 u MARKS
1/u + 1/50 u = 1/250 1/u + 1/100 u = 1/250

50/50 u + 1/50 u = 1/250 100/100 u + 1/100 u = 1/250
u = 255 [1] u = 252.5 [1]
moved 2.5 mm [1]
towards the object [1] [6] 14
3 (a) (i) Correct wave pattern [1]

Two nodes [1]
Two antinodes [1] [3]
(ii) length = 3λ / 4 [1]

λ = 689 mm [1]
use of v = fλ [1]
v = 336 m s–1 [1] [4]
(b) (i) signal generator [1]
(ii) Appreciates length = λ / 4 for 282 Hz [1]

Three calculations [1]
Average [1]
V = 345 m s–1 [1] [4] 12
4 (a) (i) Diffraction spreading at single slit to ensure both of the double slits
illuminated [1]
Diffraction spreading at each of the double slits to ensure beams
overlap [1]
Interference in the region of overlap [1] [3]
(ii) Wavelength, λ, increase [1]

Slit to screen distance d increase [1]
Slit separation a decrease [1] [3]
(b) (i) d sinθ = nλ use [1]

d = 1  10–3 / 500 = 2  10–6 [1]
n = 1, sinθ = λ/d = 589  10–9/2  10–6 = 0.2945
therefore θ = 17.10 [1]
n = 2, sinθ =2 λ/d = 2  589  10–9/2  10–6 = 0.589
therefore θ = 36.10 [1]
Δθ = 190 [1] [5]
(ii) θmax= 90°, sinθmax = 1 [1]

n = d sinθmax/ λ = 2  10–6  1 / 589  10–9 = 3.4, [1]
therefore third order [1] [3] 15
5 (a) The distant galaxy is moving away from the Milky Way or
The distance between the distant galaxy and the Milky Way is increasing
as the universe is expanding. [1]
156
(b) (i) z = Δλ / λ = 3 /656 = 4.57  10–3 subs (1) ans (1) [2] AVAILABLE
MARKS
(ii) speed = zc = 4.57  10–3  3  105 = 1370 (km s–1) subs (1) ans (1) [2]
(iii) d = v / Ho = 1.37  103 /2.4  10–18 = 5.71  1020 (km)

subs (1) ans (1) [2]
(c) T = 1/Ho = 1 / 2.4  10–18 = 4.167  1017 s = 1.32  1010 years

eqt (1) subs (1) ans (1) [3] 10
6 (a) (i) 1 / focal length [1]
(ii) m–1 or dioptre [1]
(b) (i) short sight or myopia [1]
(ii) eye lens too strong or eyeball too long [1]
(iii) diverging or negative power [1]
(iv) u= ∞ [1] v= – 80 cm or –0.80 m [1]

Power = – 1.25 [1] [3]
(c) v = –18 cm f = –80 cm [1]

1/u = 1/–80 + 1/18 [1]
Near point distance = 23 cm [1] [3] 11
7 (a) (1) By collision with other atoms/electron bombardment [1]

(2) From incident photons, of the correct energy [1] [2]
(b) (i) ΔE = hf and f = c / λ [1]

ΔE = hc / λ [1]
= 6.63  10–34  3.00  108 / 1.60  10–19  10–9 λ [1]
= 1243, check value [3]
(ii) E to B [1]
1.88 and 10.21 [1] [1]
121 [1]
Visible/red and ultra violet [1] [1] [6] 11
8 (a) (i) Photon absorbed by the metal [1]

Releases electrons [1]
Deficient in electrons therefore overall positive [1] [3]
(ii) Less uv at ground level [1]
(b) (i) Minimum energy required [1] to release electron from caesium [1] [2]
(ii) ½mv2max = hf – hfo

= 6.63  10–34  5.5  1014 – 1.90  1.6  10–19 [1]
= 6.1  10–20 [1] [2]
157
AVAILABLE
(iii) Photon energy = 2.65  10–19 J = 1.66eV [1] MARKS
Less than work function, hence no emission [1] [2] 10

9 (a) The wavelength associated with matter when behaving as a wave [1]
(b) (i) λ = h/mv
v = h/m λ = 6.63  10–34 /9.1  10–31  1.2  10–10 [1]

v = 6.07  106 m s–1 [1] [2]
(ii) eV = ½ mv2 [1]

0.5  9.1  10–31  (6.07  106)2 [1]
V = ½
mv2/e =
1.6  10−19
V = 104.8 V [1] [3] 6

Paper Total 100
158
ADVANCED SUBSIDIARY
2017
Physics
assessing
and Data Analysis
[CODE]
SPECIMEN
MARK
SCHEME
159
Mark scheme for Practical Test 1: Determine the resistance of a carbon film AVAILABLE
resistor. MARKS
(a) Workable circuit to obtain valid results [1]

Correct circuit symbols used [1] [2]
(b) P.D. measured [1]

Corresponding current measured [1]
Repetition of measurements [1]
until consistency achieved [1]
Table headings in form P.D./V and I/A [1]
P.D. and current values reflect accuracy of the meter [1] [6]
(c) Resistance calculated to R ± 5% (± 10%) [2] [2] 10

Mark scheme for Practical Test 2: Verification of a α F.
(a) Workable experiment to obtain valid results [1]

Workable suggestion to keep mass constant [1] [2]
(b) Accelerating force recorded [1]

Corresponding acceleration recorded [1]
Repetition (>1) of measurements for each force [1]
until consistency achieved [1]
Results for >4 forces recorded [1]
Table headings in form Force/N and a/m s–2 [1] [6]
(c) Proportionality constants calculated [1]

comment consistent with results [1] [2] 10
Mark scheme for Practical Test 3: Determining the refractive index of a

transparent rectangular block.
(a) Workable experiment to obtain valid results [1]

Sensible procedure outlined [1] [2]
(b) Incident angle recorded [1]

Corresponding refracted angle recorded [1]
Results for >4 (>1) incident angles recorded [2]
Table headings in form i/° and r/° [1]
Incident angles in as(des)cending order [1] [6]
(c) n value 1.5 ± 5% (±10%) [2] [2] 10
160
Mark scheme for Practical Test 4: Density AVAILABLE
MARKS
(a) Micrometer screw for diameter [1]

Calipers for length [1]
Balance for mass [0] [2]
(b) Multiple reading for diameter to 0.01 mm and average [2]

Multiple reading for length to 0.1 mm and average [2]
Multiple reading for mass to 0.01 g and average [2] [6]
(c) Use of the equation V  πr2h and ρ  m/V [1]

Value within agreed tolerance and unit [1] [2] 10
Total 40
161
BLANK PAGE
162
ADVANCED SUBSIDIARY
2017
Physics
Assessment Unit AS 3B
assessing
and Data Analysis
[CODE]
SPECIMEN
MARK
SCHEME
163
1 (a) Longest length  0.124 m [1] AVAILABLE
Shortest length  0.115 m [1] [2] MARKS
(b) Ignore two rogue values [1]

Add each time and divide by the number of valid repeats [1]
Quote answers to two decimal places [1]
If 4 or more correct values award [2]
If 2 or 3 correct values award [1]
Otherwise award [0] [5]
Time for 50 oscillations/s

L/m T/s T2/s2
50T1 50T2 50T3 50Tmean
0.12 37.52 38.21 38.08 37.94 0.76 0.58
0.26 25.32 55.18 55.63 55.41 1.11 1.23
0.38 67.01 66.89 66.95 66.95 1.34 1.80 or 1.79
0.46 73.56 93.48 73.49 73.53 1.47 2.16

0.67 89.02 89.03 88.98 89.01 1.78 3.17
© CCEA
(c) All values correct, e.c.f. [1]
Quoted to two decimal places [1]
Assumption is that the period does not change with amplitude of swing,
therefore the total time can be divided by the number of swings [2] [4]
(d) (i) T2/s2 [1]

All values correct, e.c.f. [1]
Quoted to two decimal places [1] [3]
(e) Equation 3 [1]

As L increases T increases [1]
But not in direct proportion [1] [3] 17
(can perform calculations to reach the conclusion)
2 (a) m  dy/dx  rise/run etc [1]

Subs from widely separate points on BFL [1]
Gradient ≈ 8.3  10–4 [1]
Unit  V–1 Ω–1 [1] [4]
(b) Intercept  0.08 [1]

unit = V–1 [1] [2]
(c) y  mx + c [1]

1
 8.3  10–4 R2 + 0.08 [1] [2] 8
Vout
164
3 (a) %U(h) = 0.1/12.6  100 [1] AVAILABLE
 0.79% [1] [2] MARKS
(b) %U(m)  (2/266)  100 [1]

 0.75 (0.8)% [1] [2]
(c) %U(d) = 0.01/3.15  100 [1]

 0.32% [1] [2]
(d) density  2.71 (2710) [1]

unit  g cm–3 (kg m–3) [1]
%U(csa)  (2  0.32)  0.64% [1]
%U(TOTAL)  0.64 + 0.75 + 0.79  2.18% [1]
U(density)  2.71  0.022  0.06 [1] [5] 11
4 Labelling axes [1]

Scaling axes [1]
Plotting points [5]
Best fit line [2] [9] 9
5 (a) Do not look directly into laser light or reflected laser light. [1]
(b) (i) The wavelength quoted is outside the visible range. [1]
(ii) Increase the slit to screen distance and use the tape measure [1]
Measure the distance between several fringes, not just one [1]
Carry the experiment out in a darkened room to improve contrast [1] [3] 5
Total 50
165
BLANK PAGE
166
ADVANCED
2018
Physics
assessing
Momentum, Thermal Physics, Circular Motion,

[CODE]
SPECIMEN
MARK
MARK
SCHEME
SCHEME
167
AVAILABLE
1 (a) (i) ω = v/r = 2.5/2.0 [1] MARKS
= 1.25 [1] [2]
(ii) F = mv2/r = 30  (2.5)2/2.0 [1]

= 94 [1] [2]
(iii) v2 = Fr/m = 180  2.0/30 [1]

= 3.5 [1] [2]
(b) (i) Tc = W, mv2/r = mg [1]

v2 =gr
v = 3.3 [1] [2]
(ii) T = mg + mv2/r [1]

T = 58.8 [1] [2] 10
2 (a) (i) E= FL/AΔL [1]
(ii) Linear section followed by correct curve [1]

Elastic marked as linear section and small part of curve, plastic
as the rest [1] [2]
(iii) Slope of the linear section [1]
(b) ΔL = FL/AE
ΔL =( 2  103 60  10–2 4) / π (3  10–3)2 2  1011 [1]
ΔL = 0.85 mm [1]
S.E. = ½ F ΔL [1]
S.E. = 0.85 J [1] [4]
(c) (i) R =ρL/A, [1]

Resistance increase [1]
Length increase [1]
c/s area decrease [1] [4]
(ii) Monitor the crack width in walls etc. [1] 13
3 (a) Acceleration directly proportional to the distance from a fixed point [1]
Acceleration always directed towards the fixed point [1] [2]
(b) (i) T = 2π√(m/k) T = 2 π√(0.2/8) [1]

T = 1.0 s [1] [2]
(ii) a0 = ω2 A [1]

= 4 π2 A/T2 [1]
a0 = 4 m s–2 [1] [3]
(c) (i) Amplitude slowly decreases [1]
(ii) Air resistance [1]
(iii) True, energy leaves the system to move air particles. [1] 10
168
4 (a) (i) For a fixed mass of an ideal gas at constant temperature, [1] AVAILABLE
pressure is inversely proportional to volume [1] [2] MARKS
(ii) (1) Sketch showing calibrated tube

containing air trapped by oil [1]

Means of applying pressure [1]
with a pressure gauge [1] [3]
(2) Pressure read from gauge [1]

Wait for oil to settle/temp to return to room value [1]
Volume directly from calibrated scale or length x csa [1] [3]
(3) Graph p against 1/V or vice versa [1]

If applies, straight line through origin [1] [2]
(b) (i) pV = nRt [1]

n = pV/RT = 1.05  105  3.5  10–2/8.31  288 [1]
n= 1.54 moles [1] [3]
(ii) N = nNA = 1.54  6.02  1023 [1]

N = 9.24  1023 [1] [2]
(iii) F = AΔp [1]

F = (1.05  105 – 1.01  105)  1  10–4 [1]
F = 0.40 N [1] [3] 18
5 (a) Quantity of heat required to raise temperature of unit mass (1 kg) [1]
Through 1 °C/1 K [1] [2]
(b) Power supply, heating coil, voltmeter, ammeter (allow joulemeter) [1]
Correctly placed in circuit [1] [2]
(c) (i) Q = Pt = 120  5  60 [1]

Δθ = Q/mc = 120  5.0  60/1.75  435 [1]
= 47.3 [1]
Final temperature = 65.3 ° [1] [4]
(ii) So all the heat supplied heats the block [1] and is not lost [1] 9
6 (a) Time taken for half the undecayed nuclei present to decay,
or time for activity to drop to half the starting value. [1]
(b) Working out λ: λ = 0.693 / 3.8 = 0.18 day -1 = 2.1  10-6 s-1 [1]
Subs into A = λN: 1.52  1015 = 2.1  10-6 N [1]
N = 7.2  1020 [1] [3]
(c) Calculate N: N = N0e -λt

Subs N = 7.2  1020 e-(2.1  10-6  8.6  24  3600) [1]
N = 1.5  1020 [1] [2] 6
169
7 (a) (i) Axes labelled with BE/nucleon and atomic mass number [1] AVAILABLE
0 – 9 min MeV, 0 – 240 min [1] MARKS
Classic knee shape, [1]
Max around 60 [1] [4]
(ii) Fission, from a point on the far right, two lines to the left at a
higher value [1]
Fusion, two lines from extreme left merging to a higher point on
the straight line section [1] [2]

(b) (i) Deuterium [½], tritium [½], neutron [½], helium [½] round down [2]
(ii) Δm = 5.0291 [1] – 5.0102 [1] = .0189

Energy =.0189  931 [1]
Energy = 17.6 MeV [1] [4]
(iii) Fuel readily available [1]

less long-lived radioactive waste [1]
[accept more energy per kg [1]]
any 2 from 3 [2] 14
8 (a) Control rods – absorb neutrons

to control the rate at which fission occurs
Moderator – slows down neutrons
so that they are more likely to cause fission
For 4 correct statements [2]
For 2 or 3 correct statements award [1]
For 1 or 0 correct statements award [0] [2]

(b) (i) 10
5
B + 1
0
n = 3 Li + 2 He
7 4
[1]
1.5  1027
(ii) Number of moles = = 2500 (subs [1], ans [1]) [2]
6  1023
(iii) Vol = 0.25 (m3) [1]
P = nRT/V [1]
2500  8.31  300
= [1]
0.25
= 2.49  107 (Pa) [1] [4]
(iv) ½ m <c2> = 3/2 kT [1]

<c2> = 3 kT/m
3  1.38  10–23  300
=
6.65  10–27 [1]
= 1.868  106 (m2s–2) [1]
Crms = 1370 (ms–1) [1] [4]
(v) Helium atoms behave like ideal gas or no interatomic forces

or equivalent [1]
170
(c) Indicative content AVAILABLE
• Economic issues – large cost construction/future cost of MARKS
decommissioning
• Social issues – employment during construction/use of overseas private
sector
• Security issues – terrorist attack/fuel theft
• Environmental issues – radioactive waste disposal
• Attractive because it is carbon free/known technology/only way to meet
climate change targets
Credit alternative, valid responses
Response Marks
Candidates identify clearly all the main issues above that would [5]–[6]
need to be addressed if the nuclear solution is adopted. They
give a coherent rationale as to why nuclear energy may be
an attractive alternative to conventional fossil fuel methods.
There is widespread and accurate use of appropriate scientific
terminology. Presentation, spelling, punctuation and grammar
are excellent. They use the most appropriate form and style
of writing. Relevant material is organised with clarity and
coherence.
Candidate identify clearly 3 or 4 of the main issues above [3]–[4]
that would need to be addressed if the nuclear solution is
adopted. One of their issues may be why nuclear energy may
be an attractive alternative to conventional fossil fuel methods.
Presentation, spelling, punctuation and grammar are sufficiently
competent to make meaning clear. They use an appropriate
form and style of writing. There is good reference to scientific
terminology.
Candidates identify clearly 1 or 2 of the main issues above that [1]–[2]
would need to be addressed if the nuclear option is adopted. One
of their issues may be why nuclear energy may be an attractive
alternative to conventional fossil fuel methods. There may be
some errors in their spelling, punctuation and grammar, but form
and style are of a satisfactory standard. They have made limited
reference to specialist terms.
Response is not worthy of credit. [0]
[6] 20
Paper Total 100
171
BLANK PAGE
172
ADVANCED
2018
Physics
assessing
Fields, Capacitors and Particle Physics
[CODE]
SPECIMEN
MARK
SCHEME
173
marks.
174
1 (a) mrω2 = F = GMEm/r2 [1] AVAILABLE
sub ω2 = 4π2/t2 [1] MARKS
GME/r2 = 4π2r/t2 [1]

t2 = (4π2/GME)r3 [1] [4]
(b) mg = W = GMEm/RE2 cancel and rearrange [1]
(c) (i) r3 = ( GME/4π2)t2 = (gRE2/4π2) t2 [1]

r3 = [9.8  (6.36  106)2/4π2]  [24  60  60]2 [1] [2]
r= 4.217  107 m
(ii) v = 2πr/t [1]

V = 3.1 km s–1 [1] [2]
(iii) F = GMEm/r2 = g RE2  500/r2 [1]

F = 111 N [1] [2] 11
2 (a) (i) ratio of charge to potential difference or C = Q/V [1]
(ii) Capacitor has capacitance of 1 farad when the charge is 1 coulomb

and the p.d. across it is 1 volt. [1]
(iii) electronic flash guns, defibrillator or sensible application [1]
(b) (i) two 22 µF in series, capacitance 11 µF [1]

three 11 µF in parallel, 33 µF [1] [2]
(ii) 100 V [1]
(c) (i) Q = CV = 22  10–6  9.0 [1]

Charge = 1.98  10–4 C [1] [2]
(ii) (1) Q = CV = 22  10–6  2.9 = 6.4  10–5 C [1]
(2) p.d. = 2.9 V [1]
(3) C = Q/V = (1.98  10–4 – 6.4  10–5)/2.9 [1]

Capacitance = 46 µF [1] [2] 12
175
3 (a) (i) Line vertically downward [1] AVAILABLE
MARKS
(ii) F = Bev = 30  10–3  1.6  10–19  8.0  106 [1]

Force = 3.8  10–14 N [1] [2]
(iii) Force always [1] perpendicular to the direction of v [1] [2]
(iv) mv2/r = Bev [1]

r = mv/Be = 9.1  10–31  8.0  106/30  10–3  1.6  10–19 [1]
radius = 1.5 mm [1] [3]
(b) (i) Force = ma = 6.64  10–26  1.15  1011 [1]

Force = 7.6  10–15 N [1] [2]
(ii) E = F/q = 7.64  10–15/3.2  10–19 [1]

Field strength = 2.39  104 N C–1 [1] [2] 12
4 (a) Concentric circles [1]

Separation increasing [1]
Direction indicated, anticlockwise [1] [3]
(b)
0 1 2 3 4 5
© CCEA
Horizontal axis is time up to 5 ms.
(1) Top graph vertical axis flux linkage, unit weber [1]
Top value 3  10–2 Wb [1]
Bottom value 1.5  10–2 Wb [1]
Shape [2] [5]
(2) Bottom graph axis e.m.f., unit volts [1]

Top value 90V [1]
Bottom value 30V [1]
Shape [2] [5] 13
176
5 (a) (i) Indicative Content AVAILABLE
• a.c. input to primary coil MARKS
• Produces changing magnetic flux

• Which links to secondary through iron core
• Changing flux in secondary
• Induces output a.c. voltage in secondary
Credit alternative, valid responses

Response Marks
Candidates identify clearly all the points above relating [5]–[6]
to the operation of a transformer. There is widespread
and accurate use of appropriate scientific terminology.
Presentation, spelling, punctuation and grammar are
excellent. They use the most appropriate form and style
of writing. Relevant material is organised with clarity and
coherence
Candidates identify clearly 3 or 4 of the points above [3]–[4]
relating to the operation of a transformer. Presentation,
spelling, punctuation and grammar are sufficiently
competent to make meaning clear. They use appropriate
form and style of writing. There is good reference to
scientific terminology
Candidate identify clearly 1 or 2 of the points above relating [1]–[2]
to the operation of a transformer. There may be some
errors in their spelling, punctuation and grammar but form
and style are of a satisfactory standard. They have made
some reference to specialist terms.
Response is not worthy of credit. [0]
[6]
(ii) (1) step-down [1]
(2)
2NS = NP [1]
(b) Any two from:

• Hysteresis [1] in the iron core [1]
• Wire heating [1] in the primary and secondary windings [1]
• Eddy Currents [1] in the iron core [1] [4]
(c) Any two from:

• Overhead cables generate high electric fields, a potential health
hazard [1]
• Very high potential differences used to create the danger of electric
shock to electric board staff and others [1]
• Cost of high voltage equipment, e.g. tall pylons for isolation [1] [2]
(d) E0 = BANω
ω = 2π/T = 540  2π / 60 = 56.5 [1]
E0 = 5.2  10–2  6.5  10–3  750  56.5 [1]
E0 = 14.3 V [1] [3] 17
177
6 (a) Same mass, Opposite charge (at least one other property which is opposite AVAILABLE
to that of the particle) [1] MARKS
(b) (i) Diagram to show:

• Circular structure, vacuum [1]
• Deflecting electromagnets [1]
• Accelerating electrodes [1] [3]
(ii) Accelerated between the electrodes [1]

Electrode ac freq linked to the particle speed [1] [2]
(c) (i) To conserve momentum [1]
(ii) E = m c2
= 9.11  10–31  (3  108)2 [1]
= 8.2  10–14 J [1] [2] 9
7 (a) (i) 4; neutral atom, same no. of electrons as protons and electrons
are leptons [1]
(ii) 9; protons and neutrons are baryons [1]
(iii) 0; no mesons in atoms [1]
(iv) Fundamental v composite [1]

No structure v quark structure [1]
No strong force v strong force [1] [3]
(b) Lepton number X  0 = 0  1, therefore X lepton [1]

Charge X  0 = 1  (–1), therefore X has no charge [1]
X must be a neutrino [1] [3] 9
8 (a) (i) Arrows – from left to right, parallel, equally spaced [2]
(ii) E = V/d = 500/0.2 = 2500 (NC–1) [2]
(iii) F = Eq = 2500  1.6  10–19 = 4  10–16 (N) [2]

Direction from left to right [1] [3]
(b) (i) Curve within field towards right, emerging along tangent to curve [2]
(ii) Curve within field towards left [1]
(c) (i) 4  10–16 (N) ecf from (iii) [1]
(ii) Bqv = Eq [1]

B = E/v (ecf from (ii)) = 2500/5000 [1]
= 0.5 (T) [1] [3]
178
(iii) Neutrons (or any uncharged, subatomic particle) [1] AVAILABLE
MARKS
(iv) Unchanged, v = E/B or v independent of both mass and charge [2]
17
Paper Total 100
179
BLANK PAGE
180
ADVANCED
2018
Physics
assessing
[CODE]
SPECIMEN
MARK
SCHEME
181
BLANK PAGE
182
1 Analysis AVAILABLE
MARKS
(a) Vertical axis ln (VS – V)
Horizontal axis t both quantities [1]
CR  1/GRADIENT [1] [2]
Results
6 values quoted [3]
for 4 or 5 values award [2]
for 2 or 3 values award [1]
for <2 values, no credit
all quoted to 2dp [1] [4]
(b) Rows labelled (VS – V) / V

ln [(VS – V)/V] two labels with units [1]
seven pairs of values calculated x ½ each, round down [3] [4]
(c) Graph axes labelled correctly [1]

Suitable scales [1]
7 points correctly plotted [2]
Best fit straight line [1] [5]
(d) Determine gradient [1]

Consistent CR [1]
Unit s or ΩF [1] [3]
(e) Subs R value of 47 kΩ [1]

C 950 – 1050 µF [1] [2] 20
2 Procedure 1
f within 10% of known value [1]
Uncertainty between 5–10 mm and explanation [1]
Explanation – it is range over which image is in focus [1] [3]
Procedure 2
initial results; six pairs x ½ each [3]
Additional results in correct region [1], at least two pair [1] [2]
Analysis
(a) Graph; axis labels L/mm, x/mm [1]

Scales [1]
Points [2]
Smooth curve [1] [5]
(b) (i) Candidates values, Lmin and x min [1]
(ii) Average f value calculated using L and x [1]

Within 5% of known value [1] [2]
(iii) Uncertainty, less than their previous value [1]

Range of focus values/averaging/multiple readings [1] [2]
(c) Distant very quick [1] but only approx [1]

or slower, more apparatus [1] but more accurate [1] [2] 20

Total 40
183
BLANK PAGE
184
ADVANCED
2018
Physics
Assessment Unit A2 3B
assessing
and Data Analysis
[CODE]
SPECIMEN
MARK
SCHEME
185
1 (a) (i) & (ii) AVAILABLE
MARKS

A [1]
B [1]
Labels essential [2]
(b) Moves spot across the screen [1]

At a steady speed [1] [2]
(c) (i) (1) voltage  8mV [1]
(2)
period  200 µs [1]
f  I/T [1]
f  5000 Hz [1] [3]
(ii) setting  20 µs cm–1 [1] 9
2 (a) (i) V/I  R [1]

5.78/11.8  10–3  490 Ω [1] [2]
(ii) Min/max method, e.g. 5.79/.0117  495 or adding percentages [1]

Uncertainty = 5 Ω [1] [2]
(b) The current recorded on the ammeter is high [1]

It includes the current that goes into the voltmeter [1]
A R
V
[1] [3] 7
© CCEA
186
3 (a) (i) 3 or 4 [1] AVAILABLE
MARKS
(ii) 3980 [1]
(iii) y axis scale, range 3400 – 4100 [1]

Points [2]
Smooth curve [1] [4]
(iv) Good tangent [1]

Reads off values from a large triangle, e.g. 4060 – 3650/7.0 – 3.0 [1]
Answer in range 95 – 105, e.g. m  103 [1]
Unit mm–1 [1] [4]
(v) m  (n  1)3 /2  e.g. 11100 mm–1

Subs [1] answer consistent with (iv) [1] [2]
(b) (i) 1/(n  1)2 [1]
(ii)
n 3 4 5 6 9
ω/mm–1 3500 3730 3850 3930 4040
Horizontal axis values 0.0625 0.0400 0.0278 0.0204 0.0100

Values [1]
All to 2 or 3 s.f. [1] [2]
(iii) x axis range scale [1]

Points [2]
Best fit straight line [1] [4]
(iv) Obtains gradient, values from large triangle [1]

B in the range 10000 – 10500 mm–1 (10300) [1]
Reads off the correct intercept [1]
A in the range 4000 – 4200 mm–1 (4140) [1] [4]
(v) From second graph [1]

Tangent difficult to draw correctly [1] [2]
(c) (i) ω  4140 – (10300/9)  2996 subs for ω [1]

λ  1/ω  1/2996 subs for λ [1]
λ  334 nm consistent with their values [1] [3]
(ii) ultra – violet [1] [1]
187
(iii) (1) c/λ  3.00  108/251  10–9 eqn and subs [1] AVAILABLE
f  1.20  1015 Hz answer [1] [2] MARKS
(2)
E  hf eqn [1]
E  (6.63  10–34  1.20  1015) subs [1]
E  7.96  1019/1.60  10–19  4.97 eV ans [1] [3] 34

Paper Total 50
188
© CCEA 2016

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GCE

CCEA GCE Specimen

For first teaching from September 2016

Assessment Unit AS 1: Forces, Energy and Electricity 3

Data and Formulae Sheets 123

Assessment Unit AS: Data and Formulae Sheet 123

Apparatus and Materials Lists and Confidential Instructions 129

Assessment Unit AS 3A: Practical Techniques and Data Analysis 129

Mark Schemes 141

General Marking Instructions 143

You may download further copies of this publication from www.ccea.org.uk

Forces, Energy and Electricity

Physical quantity: [2]

In the last column, write the unit of the quantity, expressed as a

Quantity Scalar Vector Unit

On the diagram, sketch a possible direction for this third force.

Calculate the values of these components.

Horizontal component of pulling force  N

Vertical component of pulling force  N [2]

Horizontal component of F  N [1]

(d) Show that the vertical component of F is 165 N.

The driver of Car B accelerates uniformly at 2 m s–2 until reaching a speed

Time  s [2]

Time  s [5]

Distance  m [2]

(a) the time to reach the maximum height.

Time  s [2]

(b) the maximum height reached.

Height  m [2]

(c) the horizontal range.

Range  m [4]

Magnitude  m s–1

Direction (relative to the horizontal direction)  [4]

State the unit of impulse.

Unit  [5]

Force  N [2]

Speed  m s–1 [4]

Force  N and N [5]

Distance  m [3]

(i) Find its acceleration.

Acceleration  m s–2 [2]

A woman of mass 60 kg is travelling in the lift.

Reaction  N [4]

(1) The lift is travelling upwards with a constant speed.

(2) The lift is travelling upwards and decelerating.

The empty lift has a mass of 600 kg.

Tension  N [3]

(Questions continue overleaf)

(ii) 1 Name one example of an ohmic conductor.

2 On the axes below, sketch a graph to illustrate the behaviour of

(iii) State whether this device is an ohmic or a non-ohmic conductor.

The device is an ohmic conductor

The device is a non-ohmic conductor

Explain your answer, making reference to Fig. 8.1

Resistivity may be defined using the equation below:

Describe the procedures by which the quantities R and A can be

(Questions continue overleaf)

Connection may be made to the first network at terminals A, B and C.

Resistance between A and B  resistance between D and E