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06/2015

ET 460 Oil Return in Refrigeration Systems

Technical Description
The oil return in refrigeration systems is of key
importance for the service life of the compressor and
thus for a secure constant supply of refrigeration.
In most compressors some lubrication oil is carried
along with the compressed refrigerant. In the liquid
refrigerant the oil is dissolved in the refrigerant and is
transported without problems. In the vaporised
refrigerant the oil remains liquid in the lower parts of
the system. This can result in lack of oil in the
compressor. To return the oil to the compressor, a
minimum velocity must be maintained in the pipes. If
the velocity in the rising pipe on the intake side of the
compressor is too low (partial load), the oil is not
returned to the compressor due to its higher density.
The velocity in the rising pipe depends on the pipe
diameter and the refrigerant mass flow. A small
diameter of the rising pipe results in a high velocity
and ensures the return of the oil even under partial
load. However, at full load the pressure loss increases
due to the small diameter.
To compensate for this disadvantage, double rising
pipes are used. During partial load oil gathers in a
bend at the bottom of the double pipe. The oil in the
bend blocks one of the two pipes so that the
refrigerant flows at high velocity through the other pipe
and transports the oil to the compressor. At full load
the oil in the bend is pressed upwards so that the
refrigerant flows through both pipes.
At the front of the ET 460 three transparent rising
pipes with different diameters and a double rising pipe
have been arranged. The rising pipe selection is via
valves. This allows for the oil transport at different
velocities to be observed. The other components of
the refrigeration circuit are at the back of the trainer.
The separate or combined operation of two
compressors connected in parallel enables operation
at partial or full load.

* Transport of lubricants soluble in refrigerant in Learning Objectives / Experiments

refrigeration systems1 - fundamentals of the oil return in refrigeration
systems
* Transparent material for monitoring the transport - effect of the rising pipe diameter on the oil transport
states in the rising pipes1 - effect of partial and full load operation on the oil
transport
* Monitoring of the processes in a double rising pipe - principle of operation of a double rising pipe
during partial and full load operation1 - separate or parallel operation of the compressors
* Separate or parallel operation of two compressors
for partial and full load1
* Well-structured instructional material

G.U.N.T Gerätebau GmbH, Hanskampring 15-17, D-22885 Barsbüttel, Phone +49 (40) 67 08 54-0, Fax +49 (40) 67 08 54-42, E-mail [email protected], Web http://www.gunt.de
We reserve the right to modify our products without any notifications.
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06/2015

ET 460 Oil Return in Refrigeration Systems

Specification
[1] investigation of the oil return to the compressor in
refrigeration circuits with oil soluble in refrigerant
[2] refrigeration circuit with 2 compressors connected
in parallel, condenser with 2 fans, evaporator with fan
and thermostatic expansion valve
[3] 3 single and 1 double rising pipes from glass in the
suction pipe of the refrigeration circuit
[4] rising pipes selectable via valves
[5] Flow rate in the refrigeration circuit adjustable by
single or combined operation of the two compressors
[6] fan speed adjustable
[7] thermowells for temperature measurement
[8] refrigerant R134a, CFC-free

Technical Data
2 compressors with condenser
- refrigeration capacity: 1194W at -10/32°C
- volumetric air flow rate fan: 1300m³/h
Evaporator
- transfer area: 5,7m²
- volumetric air flow rate fan: 720m³/h
Rising pipes
- d=14,4mm; L=1110mm
- d=10mm; L=1110mm
- d=6mm; L=1110mm
- d=8/10mm (double rising pipe);
1 manometer delivery side, 2 manometer intake side, 3 flow meter, 4 display and
control elements, 5 rising pipe d=6mm, 6 rising pipe d=10mm, 7 rising pipe L approx. 1300mm
d=14,4mm, 8 double rising pipe, 9 valve for rising pipe selection
Measuring ranges
- pressure: 1x -1...9bar; 1x -1...24bar
- flow rate: 1x 2...27L/h
- temperature: 5x -50...100°C

Dimensions and Weight

LxWxH: 1410x800x1900mm
Weight: approx. 216kg
Required for Operation
230V, 50/60Hz, 1 phase
Scope of Delivery
1 trainer
1 set of instructional material

1 expansion valve, 2 evaporator, 3 rising pipes, 4 double rising pipe, 5 valves for
rising pipe selection, 6 compressor, 7 condenser, 8 receiver; P pressure, F flow
rate, T temperature, PSH, PSL pressure switch; blue: low pressure, red: high
pressure

Order Details
061.46000 ET 460 Oil Return in Refrigeration
Systems
G.U.N.T Gerätebau GmbH, Hanskampring 15-17, D-22885 Barsbüttel, Phone +49 (40) 67 08 54-0, Fax +49 (40) 67 08 54-42, E-mail [email protected], Web http://www.gunt.de
We reserve the right to modify our products without any notifications.