The Internet: The Superhighway Communicating System

I. Facts About the Internet

The Internet has revolutionized the computer and communications world like nothing before.
The invention of the telegraph, telephone, radio, and computer set the stage for this unprecedented
integration of capabilities. The Internet is at once a world-wide broadcasting capability, a mechanism
for information dissemination, and a medium for collaboration and interaction between individuals
and their computers without regard for geographic location. The Internet represents one of the most
successful examples of the benefits of sustained investment and commitment to research and
development of information infrastructure. The Internet today is a widespread information
infrastructure, the initial prototype of what is often called the National (or Global or Galactic)
Information Infrastructure. Its history is complex and involves many aspects technological,
organizational, and community. And its influence reaches not only to the technical fields of computer
communications but throughout society as we move toward increasing use of online tools to
accomplish electronic commerce, information acquisition, and community operations.

Long before the technology existed to actually build the Internet, many scientists had already
anticipated the existence of worldwide networks of information. Nikola Tesla toyed with the idea of a
“world wireless system” in the early 1900s, and visionary thinkers like Paul Otlet and Vannevar Bush
conceived of mechanized, searchable storage systems of books and media in the 1930s and 1940s.
Still, the first practical schematics for the Internet would not arrive until the early 1960s, when MIT’s
J.C.R. Licklider popularized the idea of an “Intergalactic Network” of computers. Shortly thereafter,
computer scientists developed the concept of “packet switching,” a method for effectively
transmitting electronic data that would later become one of the major building blocks of the Internet.
The first workable prototype of the Internet came in the late 1960s with the creation of ARPANET, or
the Advanced Research Projects Agency Network. Originally funded by the U.S. Department of
Defense, ARPANET used packet switching to allow multiple computers to communicate on a single
network. The technology continued to grow in the 1970s after scientists Robert Kahn and Vinton Cerf
developed Transmission Control Protocol and Internet Protocol, or TCP/IP, a communications model
that set standards for how data could be transmitted between multiple networks. ARPANET adopted
TCP/IP on January 1, 1983, and from there researchers began to assemble the “network of networks”
that became the modern Internet. The online world then took on a more recognizable form in 1990,
when computer scientist Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web. While it’s often confused
with the Internet itself, the web is actually just the most common means of accessing data online in
the form of websites and hyperlinks. The web helped popularize the Internet among the public, and
served as a crucial step in developing the vast trove of information that most of us now access on a
daily basis.
 The Internet is important for a huge variety of reasons, and it affects and facilitates nearly
every aspect of modern life. The Internet is extremely important in many fields, from education and
healthcare to business and government. The Internet has had an enormous impact on education,
streamlining access to information and making it easier for individuals to engage in online learning.
Distance education programs make it easier for students from a variety of backgrounds to attend
classes remotely, cutting down the need for travel and reducing the resources required for education.
The Internet has also made access to information and communication far easier. Rather than searching
the library, users can access vast amounts of information from home computers. Internet access has a
huge impact on businesses, allowing employees to work remotely from home and communicate more
efficiently. Healthcare is another field greatly affected by the advent of the Internet. Improvements in
online connectivity and communication technology allow physicians much greater access to medical
resources. Doctors in rural areas can also use the Internet to communicate with experts all over the
world, improving the quality of patients' diagnoses and treatments. Politics and government are
another area in which the Internet is important. Government organizations use the Internet to improve
organization and communication, and voters can go online to gain more information about current
issues.

II. Internet Operation

The Internet is a global collection of computer networks that are linked together by devices
called routers and use a common set of protocols for data transmission known as TCP/IP
(transmission control protocol / Internet protocol). The primary purpose of the Internet is to facilitate
the sharing of information. There are many different tools used on the Internet to make this possible.
Some of the more common tools include email, listeners, newsgroups, telnet, gopher, FTP, and the
world wide web. Probably the most popular of all Internet tools is the world wide web.

A WWW browser is software on your computer that allows you to access the World Wide
Web. Examples include Netscape Navigator and Microsoft Internet Explorer. Please know that a
browser can’t work its magic unless you are somehow connected to the Internet. At home, that is
normally accomplished by using a modem that is attached to your computer and your phone line and
allows you to connect to, or dial-up, an Internet Service Provider (ISP). At work, it may be
accomplished by connecting your workplace’s local area network to the Internet by using a router and
a high speed data line. Hypertext is text that contains electronic links to other text. In other words, if
you click on hypertext it will take you to other related material. In addition, most WWW documents
contain more than just text. They may include pictures, sounds, animations, and movies. Documents
with links that contain more than just text are called hypermedia. HTML is a set of commands used to
create world wide web documents. The commands allow the document creator to define the parts of
the document. For example, you may have text marked as headings, paragraphs, bulleted text, footers,
etc. There are also commands that let you import images, sounds, animations, and movies as well as
commands that let you specify links to other documents. If you wanted to create your own web page,
you would need to know HTML or be able to use a tool that can generate HTML such as Claris Home
Page or Adobe Page Mill. Links between documents are achieved by using an addressing scheme.
That is, in order to link to another document or item (sound, picture, movie), it must have an address.
That address is called its URL. The URL identifies the host computer name, directory path, and file
name of the item. It also identifies the protocol used to locate the item such as hypertext, gopher, ftp,
telnet or news. For example, the URL for the main page of the OPEN (Oregon Public Education
Network). A home page is usually the starting point for locating information at a WWW site. If a
computer has a web browser installed, it is known as a client. A host computer that is capable of
providing information to others is called a server. A server requires special software in order to
provide web documents to others.

The concept of Internet comes after Network. A network is nothing but a combination of
more than one system. When two or more computers are connected with each other for sharing
information, data and resources, then we call the whole system a network. Internet is an essential
thing for us in current days. The Internet is nothing but a collection of computer networks; those are
interconnected with each other globally to share data, information and resources. So we can say
Internet is a big network that combines many networks within it. Internet use the standard Internet
protocol suite (TCP/IP) to link several billion devices example computers, laptops, mobile devices
and other devices worldwide.

Nowadays people in all over the world very much use the Internet for different works in day
today life. Some of the best uses of Internet are: Easier Communication, we can communicate with
our friends and families with in less time and in a better way by using internet. E-mail, Skype and
social media sites like Facebook and other allows us to create and profile on internet and use that
profile to communicate with our friends in an easier way. Also this is very less expensive process so
people everywhere like this very much. Best for Research, as internet is connected with many
computers and a host or server concept was there on which a huge amount of data and information are
stored, so internet is the best way of getting or acquiring knowledge about any topic. So it is best for
doing any kind of research work. Provides Better Education, Internet is a huge collection of
information, here many kinds of books and journals and blogs are available those provides many
valuable knowledge to you. So internet is best for education and another thing is now days distance
education in different fields are available through internet from good universities, so it is provide
better chance for students to get better education through internet. Online Money Transfer, online
money transfer technology can only possible because of internet; the online money transaction is such
a technology that is very much helpful for people in all over the world. Now days across the world
many people are using this technology and getting benefits from it and lastly, Real Time Updates, the
real time updates facility of the internet is such a feature that is very helpful for people, through the
real time updates people can know all things those are currently happening, may be it from thousands
of miles distance from them.

The Internet is today an essential tool for accessing information and communicating with
others, as well as for many other daily activities. It is a service in itself and it provides access to many
other services. It has also become important for participation in democracy and for social inclusion. It
is crucial that Internet services are accessible and affordable, as well as secure, reliable and
continuously available. Improving access to the Internet is the only way more people will benefit from
all the opportunities it offers. Accessibility is incredibly important for websites as one of its goals is to
be usable to the widest possible audience. This includes not just the usual people you’d expect to be
browsing the web, but also individuals with disabilities. The Internet is just as helpful to them as it
does to able-bodied persons, so having a website be accessible to them is very important. In order to
make a website accessible to a wide audience, the design must be done in a way that makes it readable
and usable to anyone. Other than that, screen readers and other accessibility tools may be used for
those who may not be able to see well. The Internet is worth making accessible to everyone, which is
why your website’s accessibility must never be overlooked. By accommodating those who may not be
as capable in viewing your website as ordinary folks would, it shows you as empathic and thoughtful,
not to mention that it gets more views as an immediate result.

Our device detection platform is powered by an immense device database that contains
thousands of web-enabled devices. Today any device can be web-enabled once equipped with
appropriate connectivity (WiFi, 3G, 4G). The expansion of Android, and the lowered cost of hardware
components, has made bringing connectivity to a device even easier and cheaper. Here is a list of
different types of devices that enable web browsing.

Web browsing on desktop computers is still, for many people, the most obvious way to access
the internet. Every OS-based desktop machine that allows you to install a web browser (or comes with
a preinstalled browser), and is equipped with WiFi, Ethernet, or 3G connectivity can access the web.
The history of mobile browsing is a little complicated, mainly because of the limited
capabilities of early mobile operating systems. Up until the release of iOS and Android, mobile
browsing was possible but the experience was a far cry from what was possible on desktop PCs.
Many mobile phones utilized only “microbrowser” technologies, such as WAP. Currently, there are
several touch-operated mobile browsers that are tailored for all mobile operating systems offering
users with experience comparable to desktop browsing. Browsing experience on a tablet is very
similar to what mobile phones can offer especially when it comes to tablets utilizing mobile operating
systems (such as iOS, or Android). For Windows 8-based tablets, a touch-enabled version of Internet
Explorer is available, as well as any other Windows 8-tailored browser. Smart TVs typically come
equipped with Internet connectivity (WiFi, Ethernet), as well as an operating system that can handle
many sophisticated apps. TVs are factory equipped with apps that allow you to access online video
services, like YouTube, Hulu, Netflix, etc. Web browsers are often included as well, thus offering
some kind of web browsing experience. Modern game consoles (PS3, PS4, PS Vita, Xbox 360, Xbox
One, and Nintendo Wii U), all come equipped with web browsers that allow you to access websites.
Perhaps web browsing using a game controller is not exactly convenient, but it is certainly possible.
Similarly to Smart TVs, game consoles can also offer access to selected online video services that can
be browsed via dedicated apps. Android Wear and Apple Watch platforms allow web developers to
come up with wristwatch-optimized apps. Web browsers are among the Android Wear apps that you
can install and use on your watch. We had a chance to test this capability on a Moto 360. Amazon
Kindle connects to the internet via WiFi or 3G, and it comes with a built-in app that allows you to
browse and purchase books available in the Amazon online store. Kindle software also includes a
stripped-down, WebKit-based browser that is aptly named ‘Experimental Browser,’ and has been
present since Kindle 3. There’s a number of web-enabled, Android-based digital cameras such as
Samsung Galaxy Camera, or Nikon Coolpix S800c. In fact, some of the more photography-oriented
smartphones (such as Samsung Galaxy K Zoom, or Nokia Lumia 1020) might be included in this
device category as well. A full web browser can be built-in to a car dashboard but it’s not a standard
feature given that many buyers consider this a yet another form of distraction for drivers. The iconic
Internet fridge has been made possible a while ago but you come across these devices mainly on
technology blogs, and industry trade shows. The 'smart home' platforms such as Samsung Smart
Home or LG Smart ThinQ made it easier to include basically all home appliances in the IoT
ecosystem.

III. Services Available in the Internet

In this modern world, the Internet has become essential to living, working and easily
communicating with people, whether in the next room or on the other side of the world. Some
important services provided by the Internet have become commonplace, like email, the World Wide
Web and easy, instant access to all types of information. These now common services allow people to
become a part of the much bigger world. Internet Services allows us to access huge amount of
information such as text, graphics, sound and software over the internet. These are the four categories
of internet services.

There are various Communication Services available that offer exchange of information with
individuals or groups. The following gives a brief introduction to these services: Electronic Mail is
used to send electronic message over the internet. Telnet is used to log on to a remote computer that is
attached to internet. Newsgroup offers a forum for people to discuss topics of common interests.
Internet Relay Chat (IRC) it allows the people from all over the world to communicate in real time.
Mailing Lists is used to organize group of internet users to share common information through e-mail.
Internet Telephony (VoIP) it allows the internet users to talk across internet to any PC equipped to
receive the call and Instant Messaging offers real time chat between individuals and group of people.
Eg. Yahoo messenger, MSN messenger.

Information Retrieval Services exists several Information retrieval services offering easy
access to information present on the internet. The following gives a brief introduction to these
services: File Transfer Protocol (FTP) Enable the users to transfer files. Archie It’s updated database
of public FTP sites and their content. It helps to search a file by its name. Gopher is used to search,
retrieve, and display documents on remote sites. Very Easy Rodent Oriented Netwide Index to
Computer Achieved (VERONICA) VERONICA is gopher based resource. It allows access to the
information resource stored on gopher’s servers.

Web services allow exchange of information between applications on the web. Using web
services, applications can easily interact with each other. WWW is also known as W3. It offers a way
to access documents spread over the several servers over the internet. These documents may contain
texts, graphics, audio, video, hyperlinks. The hyperlinks allow the users to navigate between the
documents. Video conferencing or Video teleconferencing is a method of communicating by two-
way video and audio transmission with help of telecommunication technologies.

IV. Advantages and Disadvantages

Modern life has become easier and the people of the world have to thanks to the immense
contribution of the internet technology to communication and information sharing. There is no doubt
that internet has made our life become easier and more convenient. We can use internet to
communicate with people around the world, doing business by using internet, make new friend and
know different cultures, searching information, studying and etc. The internet not only allows for
communication through email but also ensures easy availability of information, images, and products
amongst other things. Every day the internet continues to provide a new facility, something new that
is immensely convenient and that makes life easier for web users. However, the internet also contains
some unwanted elements or disadvantages. The following are the advantages and disadvantages of the
internet.
 The Internet contains an endless supply of knowledge and information that allows you to
learn about almost any topic or question you may have. Using a search engine like Google, you can
ask virtually any question and find a web page with an answer to that question. There are also millions
of videos on sites like YouTube that help explain various topics and even online courses that can be
taken to help teach you about many different subjects.

In the past, it would take days and sometimes even months to receive a letter from someone
else. Today, with the Internet, you can send an e-mail to anyone in the world and often have it
delivered in less than a minute. Other forms of communication, such as chat and VOIP, also allow
you to have instant communication with anyone in the world. Online forums are also places where
people who share common interests can connect with each other and talk about what they enjoy or ask
other experts in the field questions.

The internet has becomes quite successful in trapping the multifaceted entertainment industry.
Downloading games or just surfing the celebrity websites are some of the uses people have
discovered. Even celebrities are using the internet effectively for promotional campaigns. Besides
that, there are numerous games that can be downloaded for free. The industry of online gaming has
tasted dramatic and phenomenal attentions by game lovers. The internet has also revolutionized the
entertainments industry. People nowadays no need to go to a cinema hall to watch your favorite
movie. Instead of watching movies at cinema now have companies offering their services where you
just can downloads or order your favorite movie and watch it with a fast internet connection.

The Internet helps make devices in your home connected and smarter by giving them access
to the Internet. For example, the Nest thermostat can be connected to the Internet to help control the
heating and cooling in your home. Also, once these devices are connected, they can be controlled
remotely using your computer or smartphone. By connecting IoT (Internet of Things) devices to your
home, it can become smarter and more efficient and help save energy, money, and time.

With the help of GPS technology, the Internet can help map and direct you to almost every
place in the world. You can quickly route to your location or find businesses in your area that may sell
or provide you with a service you need. Today's search engines are also smart enough to know your
location and help give you the most relevant searches for your area.

The Internet gives you access to your bank account to view your balance, make transactions,
and send money. Also, many services enable you to view and pay your bills electronically. Online
shopping is another huge advantage of the Internet, giving anyone with Internet access the ability to
find products that interest them and buy them without having to visit a store. The Internet gives
everyone easy access to compare prices between companies and even see what others think about a
product through online reviews to help make better purchasing decisions.

If you are a business or want to sell anything, the Internet is a perfect place to sell most goods.
Because anyone in the world with Internet access can find your website, you have access to more
people than you ever could with a local retail store. The Internet is always on and always available,
which means you have the potential of selling goods every day at all times. The Internet also gives all
businesses the ability to advertise their product or service to everyone in the world or specify an exact
demographic they want to reach.

The Internet is the perfect place to work with other people from around the world. There are
dozens of online services that allow you to work with other people and, with the ability to have instant
communication, it can even make producing new products and services faster. An Internet connection
provides many people with the ability to work from home or have a virtual office. Today, many
businesses allow their employees to work from home using their computers and Internet connection.
Working from home can help save people money by not having to pay for child care and save them
money and time by eliminating the daily commute to and from work every day.

If you are a business that needs employees, many services online can give you access to
people looking for a job all around the world. Having the ability to hire someone from another part of
the country or world allows you to get access to a much wider talent pool and may also allow you to
hire someone at a much cheaper rate. With access to a much wider audience, anyone with an Internet
connection can quickly make a donation to their favorite charity or help fund projects and ideas that
interest them. Also, those looking for charity can find many online services that help make it easier to
help donate or support their causes. The internet has created thousands of high paying jobs in the
technology sector. Individuals are able to work remotely from their computer; if a company is based
in one place, it may employ individuals who live across the globe. Those who are employed through
the internet include application developers, information technology systems administrators, online
technical support staff and employees in electronic manufacturing industries. Industries like taxi-
hailing apps have gained popularity as a result of wide internet usage. In addition, the internet has
enabled potential clients to reach out to professionals for online consultations and solutions.
Furthermore, the internet has promoted several online jobs such as blogging, online marketing, and
online research. As opposed to the conventional jobs, these jobs only require a reliable internet
connection, power and a laptop.

Governments have begun to use the World Wide Web to assist in service delivery. This
includes, but goes far beyond, the dissemination of information to the general public and involves a
variety of other governmental functions. In reviewing some government websites it is clear that the
use of the web for service delivery is still in its infancy. The types of services that can be delivered
through the web are still in the process of being imagined and organized by both government and the
private sector. Progress in online service delivery continues in most countries around the world.
eGovernment is the continuous optimization of service delivery, constituency participation, and
governance by transforming internal and external relationships through technology, the Internet and
new media . The government uses information technology and particularly the Internet to support
government operations, engage citizens, and provide government services. The interaction may
be in the form of obtaining information, filings, or making payments and a host of other activities via
the World Wide Web. The internet benefits the government a progressively global marvel that
depicts a highly beneficial endeavor and has consumed the attention of numerous governments
and people around the world. Internet has been established as a promising vehicle for improving the
services provided to the citizens by the governments it involves using information technology, and
especially the Internet, to improve the delivery of government services to citizens, businesses,
and other government agencies.

Contemporary military operations are becoming increasingly complex, multifaceted, and

unpredictable. As the technological capabilities of allies and adversaries advance, more pressure is put
on military commanders to anticipate, assess, and take action in increasingly pressurized
environments and restricted timeframes. The Internet of Things (IoT) is a potential solution to this
problem. By integrating systems of sensors, actuators, and control systems into existing military
infrastructures, the military can become more efficient and effective. Below we have outlined three
separate areas for IoT military applications. The effect of IoT on logistics and supply chain
management has been huge; industries such as agriculture and healthcare have recently benefited. In
terms of military application, the connected sensors and digital analytics that IoT technology offers
can be used to track supplies and equipment from their source to where they are needed on the
battlefield. Incorporating IoT devices and sensors into military bases can have several positive effects.
Automated security screening, for example, increases safety while decreasing manpower and a
network of security cameras connected to their environment via sensors and to a central network via
the Internet will also minimize security risks. Smart management of resources – electricity and water
for example – will increase the capacity and output of military bases while ensuring that the wellbeing
of all individuals inside the base is protected. By collecting data from a wide range of military
platforms – including aircraft, weapon systems, ground vehicles, and troops themselves – the military
can increase the effectiveness of their intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance systems. This
wealth of information will allow the armed forces to identify key threats faster and with more
accuracy.
 Connected technology is transforming companies by enhancing the competitive edge at the
intersection of people, data and intelligent machines. The productivity and efficiency gains garnered
from improved operational effectiveness are putting those organizations willing to harness these tools
at the forefront of industry. There are a host of innovative wearables on the market today. And not
only limited to fitness trackers, but the range is expanding to incorporate clothing that monitors
respiration rate, football helmets that have impact detection capabilities and smart glasses that enable
augmented reality. Both residential and commercial buildings can benefit from IoT devices. From an
industrial perspective, they can facilitate resource and energy optimization with devices like smart
heating systems, refrigerators, connected security cameras and lighting. Connected vehicles have the
ability to sense, analyze and make decisions based on information gathered from the environment.
They can optimize traffic routes or avoid accidents or safety hazards. Additionally, there is the
infotainment capability for passenger vehicles allowing users to stream music or provide navigation.

For the motor industry, this is where IoT truly has the edge. IoT-enabled data communication
systems allow motor companies to remotely update software and respond to real time mechanical
issues. This facilitates preventative maintenance and improves vehicular performance. Another
potential platform for the motor industry to exploit is the interconnectivity between IoT devices,
allowing more effective logistics management. Perhaps even safer roads are a reality, as connected
vehicles awareness of each other and thus result in smoother flow of traffic, devoid of human error.
These devices generate biometric and environmental data for either feedback or comprise processors
allowing smart decisions to be made based on accumulated information. The potential applications in
industry are quite substantial, besides the obvious coaching advancements enabled by activity
trackers, but firefighters wearing smart glasses can “see” the buildings layout when obstructed with
smoke, permitting them to do their jobs in an otherwise impossible environment. The use of wearable
technology for recording vital signs also promises to revolutionize the medical profession. In the
manufacturing dimension is not a new concept. Many production facilities are already relying on
smart sensors and machine learning to make in-line adjustments to the process. The data generated on
sites like Online Dimes, and the analytics performed can vastly improve efficiency and quality.
Furthermore, the information collected can be used to predict impending machine failures and thus
improve machinery performance and longevity with predictive maintenance. Agriculture is one
industry that is profiting considerably from the implementation of IoT devices. The applications
include using smart sensors to remotely monitor and control pumps and equipment, as well as
environmental monitoring of chemical levels, soil profiles and air quality. In greenhouses, similar
monitors and track and automatically respond to changes in humidity and temperature. These
advances allow the changes to be made in real time, raising the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of
the process. In healthcare has potentially lifesaving capabilities, seeking to improve patient quality of
life and enable self-monitoring and management of health. In hospitals themselves, IoT biometric
devices can monitor vital signs allowing health professionals to oversee an entire ward at the glance
of a tablet screen. This real-time monitoring aggregates data that can be analyzed to provide a holistic
view of the patient’s health, as well as indentifying trends that may need medical intervention. Oil and
gas companies make use of IoT devices to measure along drilling lines. By measuring, and
consequently adapting the speed and pressure of the drilling procedure, these devices serve to
optimize the process and cut expenditure.Smart energy grids are becoming popular and rely on IoT
devices to enable communication between the grid and the consumer, optimizing the resources where
possible. This not only reduces costs, but saves energy and potentially reduces the carbon footprint.
These industries are at the vanguard of IoT development and are adapting their processes to integrate
intelligence-driven technology to improve functionality. The success in these sectors is providing a
gateway for the progress of IoT into other industries.

There are several advantages which come forth with internet which have been discussed in
various literatures. Some of these advantages are discussed below: improved efficiency, cost
reduction and savings; time saving; better communication facilitation between governments with
businesses and citizens; online access of services; transparency and less bureaucracy and
participation. One of the advantages of internet is that of improving the efficiency of the current
system of paper work. It reduces the need for man power of dealing with bulk of paper-based work.
Thus, allowing the process to be handled by lesser employees and therefore leading to reduced
operations cost. The services provided by the government through their websites have many benefits
both for the government and its citizens or users of the websites. Both parties are able to save time.
The services will help to improve the competitiveness of business environment to create
intelligent customers, helping businesses save time, money and energy to be invested elsewhere by
providing the services the government appears to have a more human face by providing links to
government officers and offices, attending to citizen complaints and responding to their
suggestions. When official policies and legislation are uploaded on the Internet, it is easier for
analysts and the general public around the country to evaluate and debate government decisions.
This guarantees a level of transparency and freedom of information, effectively preventing corruption.

Internet and information technology do not produce disadvantages for students, societies and
common people if it is used wisely and intelligently. But not everyone thinks the same way. Everyone
uses it according to his/her needs and intentions. A person looking for time pass/entertainment only,
will use social media frivolously and watch funny videos of hours on end. A person intent on
becoming successful in his career and business uses internet for taking online courses, for enhancing
technical skills, marketing and selling skills etc. It means there are various types of users that we can
categorize according to their purpose in life. Naturally, due to the different purposes and intentions of
using internet, a negative environment forms around the user, often impacting his/her social and
personal life. These are the disadvantages of using internet to individuals.

Anyone who has spent time on the Internet has encountered trolls or abusive people. Another
issue that has increased over the years is cyberbullying. With people sharing information on the
Internet, it's also easier for stalkers to find personal information about others through various means.
Hidden places on the Internet and the deep web can also be a place for criminals to conduct business
without as much fear of being caught. A global audience also gives criminals more ways to solicit
their goods. In our digital age, there is a nearly infinite amount of content on the Internet. While there
are amazing resources, such as Wikipedia, less desirable content also exists. Consequently, users can
accidentally come across violent or pornographic images that they may not want to view. Surfing and
playing games on the Internet can quickly become very addictive. This, in turn, makes it is easy to
spend a lot of frivolous time on the Internet instead of doing something productive. On this same note,
the Internet can hamper workplace productivity as well. The Internet is great for giving its users the
ability to work from anywhere. However, that also means that it may be expected that you are
available to work, even if you are not supposed to be working. With access to billions of computers, it
makes it easier for computer hackers and malicious users to hack accounts and steal personal
information that could be used for identity theft. The Internet also connects all computers to each
other, which makes it easier for hackers to scan millions of computers and quickly identify what
computers are vulnerable to attack. It's great that the Internet can be an easy way to reach a much
wider audience than traditional advertising methods (e.g., newspaper, TV, and radio). However,
because it is so easy and cheap, it can mean that you will see more advertising and get more spam in
your e-mail Inbox than you may in real life. The sites we use on the Internet every day have an
"instant gratification" effect. They also present an endless menu of things to think about and
experience at any moment, on demand. Getting information this way rewards fast-paced thinking that
shifts focus quickly, which affects your interactions in general, making you more impatient and less
focused on your activities. Try to balance this natural effect with time away from social media and
focused on more productive real-life activities like exercise or cleaning. Social networking sites can
also lead to depression as many people tend to compare their lives with others. The Internet and
online games make it easier to communicate with others, and although you may find new connections
around the world, it's easy to disconnect from those in your real life. As with watching TV, spending
too much time on the computer surfing the Internet or playing games can also lead to obesity and an
unhealthy lifestyle. A computer also requires a lot of repetitive movement that can lead to carpal
tunnel syndrome. For example, moving your hand from your keyboard to a mouse and typing are all
repetitive actions, which can cause injuries. Taking breaks, keeping the proper posture, and
understanding computer ergonomics can all help delay or prevent these injuries. The Internet makes it
easy to buy things, that users may find themselves purchasing products without putting much thought
into whether or not they should be. Also, for some people, buying items on the Internet can become so
addictive that it causes serious debt.

One of the major developments to come out of the advances in computer and communication
technology was the creation of the internet, an innovation with effects on the economic and social
development of humanity that are still evolving and being assessed. Given the huge influences on
work and entertainment, plus the effective further democratization of information, the long term
effects may be societies evolving different structures, as well as humans developing a different view
of them.

It is virtually impossible to control what personal information people put on internet and once
it is out there, you cannot take it back. Everything from embarrassing photographs to slurs on your
character, or information such as phone number or address can all cause problems. Recent scandals
have shown that it is not just oppressive regimes like in North Korea and Iran, where governments
have taken an interest in spying on internet users. The Edward Snowden revelations revealed the
extent of internet spying in Western countries like the USA and UK. The ease with which digital
media can be copied and shared means that artists and creators now struggle to keep their intellectual
property rights on things that they create, whether it is music, movies, writing, or software. There is
evidence that the internet is influencing the way that we think and that we are now more focused on
absorbing only short snippets of information. This means that we often have a broad coverage of
knowledge, but it is shallow – traditional media, such as books, gave us far more depth. The internet
makes it very easy to steal massive amounts of personal data from individuals and organizations. The
impersonal nature of the internet makes it easy to fake an identity, or steal someone else’s. The
increasing dependence of modern societies on the internet means that cyber warfare is now a reality,
with the potential for countries to have their military systems, transport, media, hospitals, power and
communication networks etc. knocked out by cyber-attacks.

V. Internet in the 21st Century

The internet plays a major role in every aspect of our modern life. Internet technologies play a
major role in business. As a business owner, knowing the role of internet in business will help you
take advantage of the powerful opportunities it offers to grow you business and make operations more
effective. The internet makes communication fast and cost efficient. Businesses use internet
technologies such as Skype internet and video calls, email and video conferencing to make
communication virtually instant. The internet plays a big role in the growth of businesses. It gives
businesses an opportunity to reach a wider global audience. Promoting through the internet is also a
way to increase sales and reach the desired growth level. Business can also expand by having an
online division. One of the role of internet in business involves marketing and advertising. Most
businesses are taking advantage of the internet to market their products and services to a global
audience. The most notable internet technologies here include search engines such as Google. Social
networking websites play a role in business networking by connecting like-minded professionals.
Through the internet, people have found business partners and great employees. The internet has
helped cut costs by outsourcing services to countries where it is cheaper to provide these services.
Apart from the cost reduction through the outsourcing role of internet in business, outsourcing enables
businesses to concentrate on their core services and become more efficient. The internet has opened
up new business opportunities and giving rise to a group of successful online business owners. This is
a powerful role as anyone can now start an online business. The role of internet in business cannot be
overstated. New businesses are taking advantage of the powerful role the internet plays in business to
grow and succeed at a faster rate than was previously possible. Traditional businesses are also not
being left behind as they are creating online divisions. A business owner can only ignore the role the
internet plays in business at the peril of his or her business.
The internet is a tool that is still helping us to shape our society and improve our quality of
life. There are so many possibilities of how we can use it and there are still so many ground breaking
projects in progress. There is no telling how deeply ingrained the internet will be in the culture of our
future society but we do know that there is still so much untapped potential we have yet to discover.
Internet, due to the spread of the unique strengths and strong communication ability, is more
prominent in mass media. The innovation of Internet applications to science communication from
dissemination process, takes an example of China to explore the Internet’s role in science
communication, and introduces several modes in China Digital Science and Technology Museum.
The article thinks that internet as a new media, not only has a new features and modes in science
communication, but also has a profound impact in promoting dialogue on the whole society. Mass
media is a major route of science communication, Internet, due to the spread of the unique strengths
and strong communication ability, is more prominent in mass media. Since WEB2.0 era, the network
communication patterns break through the one-way-to-many communication model, and form a “two-
way, no center “communication mode. Everyone is not only a communicator but also a
communication object, and changes their role during interaction with other people. Thus the main
body of science communication through internet is not only educational institutions or educators, but
every Internet users. It is no longer a top-down one-way communication, but the cross-connect
communication. These make the Internet play an increasingly important role in science
communication.
The Internet has evolved, prompted in part by new Web 2.0 technologies, to become a more
widespread platform for interaction, communication, and activism. Virtual communities, or groups of
people informally bound together by shared expertise, synthesise this Internet evolution and the Web
2.0 technology. Users increasingly want to engage online with one another and with organisations of
all kinds. These novel Internet‐based technologies dominate the new business models of the digital
economy giving companies radical new ways to harvest the talents of innovators working outside
corporate boundaries. One of the most illustrative examples of this new trend is the Open Source
Software (OSS) projects development. This paper aims to analyse the structure and topology of the
virtual community supporting one of the most successfully OSS projects, Linux. The objective is to
provide conclusions for being successful in the development of future virtual communities. As
companies learn to manage these virtual communities, they will develop smarter and faster ways to
create value through them.

Within the next two years, over half of the manufacturing community will have migrated
some of their infrastructure to the Cloud, according to Nosbusch. This tipping point, or as Nosbusch
calls it, an inflection point, where technology is changing how manufacturing is being done, is being
driven by the convergence of integrated control and information technologies. That in turn is being
propelled forward with the Internet of Things. Nosbusch refers to this development as the Connected
Enterprise. What’s the benefit to manufacturers? Most importantly it will put customer demand,
production and supplier data in context at a rate that is faster and more accessible. This in turn will
lead to lower costs, increased efficiency and faster response times.

The internet of things refers to a network of physical devices, automobiles, home appliances
and all those items that are used in conjunction with actuators, electronics, sensors, software and
connectivity to enhance connection, collection and data exchange. The IoT provides a platform that
creates opportunities for people to connect these devices and control them with big data technology,
which in return will promote efficiency in performance, economic benefits and minimize the need for
human involvement. It’s the most important development of the 21st century. IoT involves the
extension of internet connectivity beyond personal computers and mobile devices. It can reach a wide
range of non-internet enabled devices. Once the devices have been embedded with technology, they
are brought to life and can communicate with each other through the internet. This means they can be
monitored and controlled remotely. For instance, the rise of autonomous driverless cars has become
more feasible because of IoT implementation. In a world dominated by digital technology, the IoT
plays a prominent role in our lives. It has created an ecosystem that links many systems to give smart
performances in every task. The proliferation of the IoT has created a new evolution of cell phones,
home and other embedded applications that are all connected to the internet. They have impeccably
integrated human communication in ways we never expected before. These devices can derive
meaningful information using commands based on data analytics, share the data on cloud, and analyze
it safely to give the required output. Many businesses are rapidly transforming in many ways, thanks
to the IoT.

A lot of our means of communicating with other people at the moment are reliant on access to
the internet. One of these especially significant means of communicating would be social media.
Anyone presently belonging to a younger generation who doesn’t have a social media count of some
kind would likely find it difficult to be included as often as their peers that do have one. The internet
puts people in constant contact, giving them a platform to talk to their friends or simply express their
opinions to an audience. The internet has also completely changed the modern dating game. Online
dating sites allow people to meet and connect without needing to be physically present. Long distance
relationships have now become so much easier to maintain because there are so many different ways
to communicate with your partner through the internet.