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Scientific Method: 1.1.1 Defines Scientific Investigation and Outlines Its Characteristics

The document defines scientific investigation and outlines the scientific method. It notes that scientific investigation is a systematic process using objective logic and methodology. The scientific method involves observation, hypothesis, experimentation, analysis and conclusions. The document outlines the steps of the scientific method in detail and explains key aspects like variables, experiments, theories and laws. It emphasizes that the scientific method is important as it allows for gaining knowledge and reporting facts through application to problem solving.

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84 views

Scientific Method: 1.1.1 Defines Scientific Investigation and Outlines Its Characteristics

The document defines scientific investigation and outlines the scientific method. It notes that scientific investigation is a systematic process using objective logic and methodology. The scientific method involves observation, hypothesis, experimentation, analysis and conclusions. The document outlines the steps of the scientific method in detail and explains key aspects like variables, experiments, theories and laws. It emphasizes that the scientific method is important as it allows for gaining knowledge and reporting facts through application to problem solving.

Uploaded by

Antonio
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Scientific method

1.1.1 Defines scientific investigation and outlines its characteristics


“Series of stages through which we look for knowledge while implementing
certain methods and principles”.
 Systematized and accurate: Steps in order to be full field
 Objective and logic: Testable results
 Delimitated object of knowledge: ¿What do I know? Why? What for?
 Systematic approach: Information must be integrated even when data are
dispersed
 Based on methodology: Clear and specific technique
 Nonlinear process: Same work may have multiple methods
1.1.2 Outlines the importance of scientific investigation
 It allows us to establish contact with reality in order to know it better.
 It is a stimulus for creative intellectual activity.
 It helps to develop a growing curiosity about problem solving.
1.2.1 Defines the scientific method and outlines its characteristics
• «It is an organized process. A series of steps that scientists use to solve
investigation problems».
Scientific Method:
• Observation: Investigation question
• Hypothesis: Possible answer to the investigation question
• Variable identification
• Experimentation
• Data registry and analysis
• Conclusions
• Theory: Hypothesis supported by a considerable amount of evidence
• Law: Summary of facts in agreement with nature
Observation:
• “See something in detail, trying to get the most information by using all of
our senses.”
• In a scientifically context, an observation is the act of gathering information,
i.e. gathering data.

• Observation leads to the research question


Data gathered during observation

 Qualitative data
o Color, smell, shape or any physical characteristic. (it involves the use
of senses).
 Quantitative data
o It answers questions such as: weight, height, pH, time. Everything
that implicates the measure of something.

Hypothesis:

• “Acceptable proposal which has been put together through gathering of


information and data. It is yet to be confirmed.”

Variables:

• In order to prove a hypothesis or answer a question, it is necessary to


identify the variables.

• “Shifting conditions that occur during and experiment”

Type of variables

• Dependent variable

– It is what we are looking to measure or investigate during an


experiment.

Ex: The growth of a plant (cm) depends on the type of fertilizer,


organic or inorganic, that it’s used.

• Independent variable

– It’s the one that will be manipulated to test its effect.

Ex: The growth of a plant (cm) depends on the type of fertilizer,


organic or inorganic, that it’s used.

• Controlled variable

– It’s the one which we will try to keep constant during an experiment in
order to keep the same conditions throughout it.

Ex: The growth of a plant (cm) depends on the type of fertilizer,


organic or inorganic, that it’s used.
Experimentation:

• “Controlled procedure through which we are looking to prove a hypothesis”

 Follow the methodology step by step.

 Design an instrument to gather information and recopilate the raw data.

 Process data with statistical instruments.

 Establish conclusions.

Theory:

• Proven hypothesis by means of experimentation. It is sustained by a broad


body of evidence.

Law:

• It’s a relationship of nature sustained by a body of broad evidence.

1.2.2 Outlines the importance of the scientific method

• It is important because it seeks to gain knowledge and report on facts or


phenomena for application in enriching science and problem solving.

1.3 Relationship between scientific investigation and scientific method

• Scientific research:

– It is a process based on the scientific method.

• Investigation problem

• Theoretical framework

• Hypothesis formulation

• Experimentation

• Result analysis

• Conclusions
1.4 Comprehend how to construct an introduction

• An introduction describes clearly:

– Investigation problem

• Describes the purpose of the investigation

– Justification

• Why is the investigation being made, what’s the importance of


it

– Research question

• Clear and precise question that leads to the origin of the


investigation

Ex:

Sun light allows plants to grow depending on their exposure to it. Some plants
develop better with little light, some require more.
It is important to know the time and intensity that each plant should have of sunlight
since the best development and health of it depends on this.

This also will allow the producer to offer more attractive decorative plants, or ones
that yield more production of fruit or leaves.

This leads us to ask what’s the best light intensity and time of exposition of the C.
Sinesis plant?

1.5 Comprehend how to construct a theoretical framework

• Outlines information that is relevant to the problem that helps sustain the
investigation question and experimental practice in a clear way, giving credit
to the consulted authors.

• Information should be paraphrased and in-text citations should be used, e.g.


(Solis, 1999).

• The complete reference should be included in the bibliography at the end of


the document.

Ex:

The growth of a plant, as well as its development depends on the light it receives
(Botanical-online, 2016).

Leaves are very important for photosynthesis since it is the principal function in the
plant (Osterberg et al., 2015). Leaves extended structure and their position in the
plant facilitate this function (Rodriguez y Calderon, 2011).

1.6 Comprehend how to construct a hypothesis and variables

• The hypothesis answers the investigation question. It is an affirmative


statement where it is defined that the independent variable affects the
dependent variable.

• Variables are clearly identified: Dependent, Independent and Controlled.

• Regarding controlled variables, suggestions to control these should be


included.

Ex:

• The greater the intensity of sunlight, the greater the growth of a plant will be.
Ex:

• Independent: intensity of light

• Dependent: growth of the plant, measured from the surface of the soil to the
tip of the largest leaf, measured with a rule in centimeters (cm) with an
uncertainty of ±0.1cm.

• Controled

– Type of plant: same type C. Sinesis

– Intensity of light: natural sun light

– Temperature: constant at 22°C

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