IoT Applications for Consumer

Electronics and Smart Home

Session 1

Presented by

Department of Electronics and

Communication Engineering Engineering
 Introduction
What is IoT Technology?

 Internet of Things technology can include any sensor, electronics or software that is
connected to the internet and can be utilized remotely and exchange data. Often the
technology works together for enhanced functionality.

What is a Platform for IoT??

 IoT applications typically incorporate a large amount of remotely accessed information

made available through the internet. A platform for IoT simplifies the data access and
aggregation of this data. While most software development platforms can facilitate or
host IoT functionality, Mendix’s low-code platform makes developing IoT enabled smart
apps in-built and accessible with little technical knowledge.
 Introduction

How Does the Internet of Things Work?

 The Internet of Things is an aggregation of internet enabled smart devices, sensors,
databases and software that can be manipulated by scripts, applications and user
interfaces across long distances. For example, a smart thermostat that is connected to the
internet and can be controlled remotely by a phone application or an automated script.

Who Came up With the Internet of Things?

 The concept of the Internet of Things is nearly as old as the internet itself with the first
device coming online in 1982 at Carnegie Melon University. However, it was the co-
founder of MIT’s Auto-ID Lab, Kevin Ashton who coined the term in 1999.
Elements of an IoT ecosystem
 Elements of an IoT ecosystem
1. Smart devices and sensors – Device connectivity
 Devices and sensors are the components of the device connectivity layer. These smart sensors
are continuously collecting data from the environment and transmit the information to the next
layer.
 Latest techniques in the semiconductor technology is capable of producing micro smart
sensors for various applications.
Common sensors are:
 Temperature sensors and thermostats
 Pressure sensors
 Humidity / Moisture level
 Light intensity detectors
 Moisture sensors
 Proximity detection
 RFID tags
 Elements of an IoT ecosystem
How the devices are connected?
 Most of the modern smart devices and sensors can be
connected to low power wireless networks like Wi-Fi,
ZigBee, Bluetooth, Z-wave, LoRAWAN etc…
 Each of these wireless technologies has its own pros and
cons in terms of power, data transfer rate and overall
efficiency.
 Developments in the low power, low cost wireless transmitting devices are promising in the
area of IoT due to its long battery life and efficiency.
 Latest protocols like 6LoWPAN- IPv6 over Low Power Wireless Personal Area Networks
have been adapted by many companies to implement energy efficient data transmission for
IoT networks.
 6LoWPAN uses reduced transmission time (typically short time pulses) and thus saves
energy.
Elements of an IoT ecosystem
 Elements of an IoT ecosystem
2. Gateway
 IoT Gateway manages the bidirectional data
traffic between different networks and
protocols.
 Another function of gateway is to translate
different network protocols and make sure
inter operation of the connected devices and
sensors.
 Gateways can be configured to perform pre-processing of the collected data from thousands
of sensors locally before transmitting it to the next stage. In some scenarios, it would be
necessary due to compatibility of TCP/IP. (TC-Transmission control)
 IoT gateway offers certain level of security for the network and transmitted data with higher
order encryption techniques. It acts as a middle layer between devices and cloud to protect
the system from malicious attacks and unauthorized access.
 Elements of an IoT ecosystem
3. Cloud
 Internet of things creates massive data from devices, applications and users which has to be
managed in an efficient way.
 IoT cloud offers tools to collect, process, manage and store huge amount of data in real
time. Industries and services can easily access these data remotely and make critical
decisions when necessary.
 Basically, IoT cloud is a sophisticated high performance network of servers optimized to
perform high speed data processing of billions of devices, traffic management and deliver
accurate analytics. Distributed database management systems are one of the most important
components of IoT cloud.
 Cloud system integrates billions of devices, sensors, gateways, protocols, data storage and
provides predictive analytics. Companies use these analytics data for improvement of
products and services, preventive measures for certain steps and build their new business
model accurately.
 Elements of an IoT ecosystem
4. Analytics
 Analytics is the process of converting analog data from billions of smart devices and
sensors into useful insights which can be interpreted and used for detailed analysis.
 Smart analytics solutions are inevitable for IoT system for management and improvement
of the entire system.
 One of the major advantages of an efficient IoT system is real time smart analytics which
helps engineers to find out irregularities in the collected data and act fast to prevent an
undesired scenario. Service providers can prepare for further steps if the information is
collected accurately at the right time.
 Big enterprises use the massive data collected from IoT devices and utilize the insights for
their future business opportunities. Careful analysis will help organizations to predict trends
in the market and plan ahead for a successful implementation.
 Information is very significant in any business model and predictive analysis ensures
success in concerned area of business line.
 Elements of an IoT ecosystem
5. User interface

 User interfaces are the visible, tangible part of the IoT system which can be accessible by
users. Designers will have to make sure a well designed user interface for minimum effort
for users and encourage more interactions.
 Modern technology offers much interactive design to ease complex tasks into simple touch
panels controls. Multicolours touch panels have replaced hard switches in our household
appliances and the trend is increasing for almost every smart home devices.
 User interface design has higher significance in today’s competitive market, it often
determines the user whether to choose a particular device or appliance. Users will be
interested to buy new devices or smart gadgets if it is very user friendly and compatible
with common wireless standards.
 IoT Business Drives

 It distinguishes consumer-facing IoT and business-facing IoT. Companies active in the IoT
Consumer segment like the wearables manufacturers have very little overlap with industrial
IoT companies like Cisco because their customers are different.
 It depicts main categories that play a major role in terms of importance and which are
clearly different from each other.
Typical IoT Applications
2017

2019
1.Smart home:
Typical IoT Applications
 Smart Home clearly stands out, ranking as highest Internet of Things application on all
measured channels.
 More than 60,000 people currently search for the term “Smart Home” each month.
 The IoT Analytics company database for Smart Home includes 256 companies and start-ups.
More companies are active in smart home than any other application in the field of IoT.
 This list includes prominent start-up names such as Nest or Alert Me as well as a number of
multinational corporations like Philips, Haier, or Belkin.
2. Wearables
 Wearables remains a hot topic too. The Apple’s new smart watch has been released in April
2015, there are plenty of other wearable innovations to be excited about: like the Sony Smart
B Trainer, the Myo gesture control, or LookSee bracelet.
 Of all the IoT startups, wearable's maker Jawbone is probably the one with the biggest
funding to date. It stands at more than half a billion dollars!
Dr. V. Karthikeyan - Assistant Professor, NITC
 Typical IoT Applications
3. Smart City

 Smart city spans a wide variety of use cases, from traffic management to water
distribution, to waste management, urban security and environmental monitoring.
 Its popularity is fuelled by the fact that many Smart City solutions promise to alleviate real
pains of people living in cities these days.
 IoT solutions in the area of Smart City solve traffic congestion problems, reduce noise and
pollution and help make cities safer.

4. Smart grids
 Smart grids is a special one. A future smart grid promises to use information about the
behaviours of electricity suppliers and consumers in an automated fashion to improve the
efficiency, reliability, and economics of electricity.
 Typical IoT Applications
5. Industrial internet

 The industrial internet is also one of the special Internet of Things applications. While
many market researches such as Gartner or Cisco see the industrial internet as the IoT
concept with the highest overall potential, its popularity currently doesn’t reach the
masses like smart home or wearable do.
 The industrial internet however has a lot going for it. The industrial internet gets the
biggest push compared to other non-consumer-oriented IoT concepts.
6. Connected car

 The connected car is coming up slowly in India. Owing to the fact that the development
cycles in the automotive industry typically take 2-4 years, we haven’t seen much buzz
around the connected car yet.
 But most large auto makers as well as some brave startups are working on connected car
solutions.
 Typical IoT Applications
7. Connected Health (Digital health/Telehealth/Telemedicine)

 Connected health remains the sleeping giant of the Internet of Things applications. The
concept of a connected health care system and smart medical devices bears enormous
potential not just for companies also for the well-being of people in general.
 Yet, Connected Health has not reached the masses yet. Prominent use cases and large-scale
start-up successes are still to be seen.
8. Smart retail
 Proximity-based advertising as a subset of smart retail is starting to take off. But the
popularity ranking shows that it is still a niche segment.
 Typical IoT Applications
9. Smart supply chain
 Supply chains have been getting smarter for some years already. Solutions for tracking
goods while they are on the road, or getting suppliers to exchange inventory information
have been on the market for years.
 So while it is perfectly logic that the topic will get a new push with the Internet of Things, it
seems that so far its popularity remains limited.
10. Smart farming
 Smart farming is an often overlooked business-case for the internet of Things because it
does not really fit into the well-known categories such as health, mobility, or industrial.
 However, due to the remoteness of farming operations and the large number of livestock
that could be monitored the Internet of Things could revolutionize the way farmers work.
But this idea has not yet reached large-scale attention.
 Smart farming will become the important application field in the predominantly
agricultural-product exporting countries.
 Overview of IoT supported Hardware platforms

 This essentially refers to platforms that are used for the development of the “things” in
the internet of things.
 It could refer to communication modules, Microcontrollers, and SoC modules with features
that make them desirable for use in the development of IoT devices.
 The list below is in no particular order and by no means exhaustive as there are more
development platforms than one could probably name, but it contains some of the most
comprehensive, and maker-friendly platforms.

1. Particle.io:
Particle.io is one of the most comprehensive end to end IoT platforms. It is an all-in-one io
platform that offers IoT hardware development platform, connectivity, device cloud and apps.
Particle makes a long line of IoT hardware development products for both rapid prototypes
and DFM level production.
 Overview of IoT supported Hardware platforms
 Building an IoT product starts with connecting the devices to the internet and all the
Particle’s microcontroller boards are enabled to communicate over either of Wi-
Fi, cellular (2G/3G/LTE), or mesh. With some of their boards featuring multiple
communication options on-board.

 Their microcontrollers are controlled by a special OS

which enables developer to integrate the devices easily
with particle’s device cloud and apps.
 As a peck, their devices and communication modules
come with CE and FCC certifications which reduce the
cost of certificate, on when the product is ready to be
scaled. Their boards are open source ensuring there is a
lot of support for product development.
 Overview of IoT supported Hardware platforms
2. Intel’s Galileo IoT Development Boards
 While it’s commonplace for IoT product companies to use prototyping boards to test out
new ideas, these boards usually are not appropriate for deployment scale usage from a
cost standpoint.
 When manufacturing a high-volume production run of a product, product engineers and
designers will necessarily be concerned with
the keeping the bill of materials (BoM) in
check.
 To conserve costs, it’s often necessary to
alter the prototype design for a production
build, tossing out the parts of the board that
are not actually being used.
 Overview of IoT supported Hardware platforms

 According to Intel’s website, the compute module was designed for experts, makers,
entrepreneurs, and for use in industrial IoT applications. The module provides ease-of-
development for prototypes development and use in a range of commercial ventures when
performance matters.
 The module uses a 22 nm Intel SoC that includes a dual core, dual threaded Intel Atom
CPU at 500MHz and a 32-bit Intel® Quark microcontroller which runs at 100 MHz. The
module and most of the other boards like the Intel Curie and the Intel Galileo has however
been discontinued.
 Currently most popular IoT hardware development platform from Intel is the Up
Squared groove IoT Development Kit which is a platform designed specifically to suit the
rugged demands of industrial IoT applications.
 Overview of IoT supported Hardware platforms

3. Arduino IoT Product Line

 It’s impossible for the Arduino to be an unfamiliar name to anyone within the IoT space.
Long before the IoT became mainstream, several of the Arduino boards were already being
used to develop prototypes for connected devices.
 With the ease of programming and the plug and play nature of Arduino based system, it
quickly became loved by many in the hardware space. The early Arduino boards, were
mostly general purpose microcontrollers which were connected to the internet using GSM
and WiFi modules, but as the IoT began to Open up, boards with special features that
support the IoT were developed.
 Boards like the Arduino 101(developed with Intel), the MKR1000, Arduino WiFi Rev 2 and
the MKR Vidor 4000 which is the first Arduino board based on FPGA Chip.
 Overview of IoT supported Hardware platforms

 Each of these boards was made with the IoT in mind, and they all have different features
that make them more suitable for specific IoT solution. The Arduino WiFi Rev 2 for
instance comes with an IMU which makes it suitable for drone based applications.
 Overview of IoT supported Hardware platforms
4. The Raspberry Pi
 While the Raspberry Pi is naturally a general purpose device, it will be injustice to ignore
the contribution of the raspberry to the development of some of IoT products and projects
currently in vogue.
 They are generally too robust and sophisticated to be used in the development of simple
connected sensors or actuators, but they find application serving as data aggregators, hubs
and device gateways in IoT projects.
 The latest of the raspberry pi boards; the Raspberry pi 3 model B+ features a 1.4GHz
Broadcom BCM2837B0, Cortex-A53 (ARMv8) 64-bit SoC, 2.4GHz and 5GHz IEEE
802.11.b/g/n/ac wireless LAN, Bluetooth 4.2, BLE, and a Gigabit Ethernet port over USB
2.0 (maximum throughput 300 Mbps).
 Asides several other features including 4 USB ports, Audio output, to mention a few, the
board comes with a 1GB LPDDR2 SDRAM which makes it quite fast for IoT based tasks.
 Overview of IoT supported Hardware platforms
 The Raspberry pi compute module
three (CM 3) is currently the latest and
it contains the guts of a Raspberry Pi 3
(the BCM2837 processor and 1GB
RAM) as well as a 4GB eMMC Flash
device (which is the equivalent of the
SD card in the Pi) running at a 1.2GHz
processor speed all integrated on a
small 67.6 mm x 31 mm board which
fits into a standard DDR2 SODIMM
connector (the same type of connector
as used for laptop memory).
 Sensors
 Sensors may be physically hardwired, built into the
product, or communicate via a short-haul
communication protocol like Bluetooth
 Low Energy (LE) or ZigBee.
Examples of sensors include:
 Temperature sensors
 Light sensors
 Moisture sensors
 GPS receivers
 Vehicle on-board diagnostics
 Files and
 Product-specific data
The IoT: Different Services and Technologies

Dr. V. Karthikeyan - Assistant Professor,

NITC
 Data Collection and Analysis (DCA)
Data Collection and Analysis modules or capabilities are the essential components of
any IoT platform or system, and they are constantly evolving in order to support more
features and provide more capacity to external components (either higher layer
applications leveraging on the data stored by the DCA module or other external systems
exchanging information for analysis or processing).
The DCA module is part of the core layer of any IoT platform. Some of the main
functions of a DCA module are:
User/customer data storing:
 Provides storage of the customer’s information collected by sensors
User data & operation modelling:
 Allows the customer to create new sensor data models to accommodate collected
information and the modelling of the supported operations
On demand data access:
 Provides application program interface (APIs) to access the collected data
Device event publish/subscribe/forwarding/notification:
 Provides APIs to access the collected data in real time conditions
 Data Collection and Analysis (DCA)
Customer rules/filtering:
Allows the customer to establish its own filters and rules to correlate events
Customer task automation:
Provides the customer with the ability to manage his automatic processes. (e.g.
scheduled platform originated data collection).
Customer workflows:
Allows the customer to create his own workflow to process the incoming events from
a device
Multitenant structure:
Provides the structure to support multiple organizations and reseller schemes.
 Data Collection and Analysis (DCA)
In the coming years, the main research efforts should be targeted to some features that
should be included in any Data Collection and Analysis platform:
Multi-protocol
DCA platforms should be capable of handling or understanding different input (and
output) protocols and formats.
De-centralisation
Sensors and measurements/observations captured by them should be stored in systems
that can be de-centralised from a single platform. It is essential that different
components, geographically distributed in different locations may cooperate and
exchange data. Related with this concept, federation among different systems will
make possible the global integration of IoT architectures.
Security
DCA platforms should increase the level of data protection and security, from the
transmission of messages from devices (sensors, actuators, etc.) to the data stored in
the platform.
Data mining
DCA systems should integrate capacities for the processing of the stored info, making
it easier to extract useful data from the huge amount of contents that may be recorded.
 M2M and Its Applications
 Machine to machine (commonly abbreviated as
M2M) refers to direct communication between
devices using any communications channel,
including wired and wireless
 The "things" in the IoT, or the
"machines" in M2M, are physical
entities whose identity and state are
being relayed to an internet-connected
IT infrastructure.
 Almost anything to which you can attach a
sensor — a cow in a field, a container on a
cargo vessel, the air-conditioning unit in your
office, or a lamppost in the street — can
become a node in the Internet of Things.
 M2M Applications
 Machine-to-machine communication is often used for remote monitoring. In product
restocking, for example, a vending machine can message the distributor's network, or
machine, when a particular item is running low to send a refill.
 An enabler of asset tracking and monitoring, M2M is vital in warehouse management and
supply chain management.
 Utilities companies often rely on M2M devices and applications to not only harvest
energy, such as oil and gas, but also to bill customers -- through the use of smart meters --
and to detect worksite factors, such as pressure, temperature, equipment status and more.
 In telemedicine, M2M devices can enable the real-time monitoring of patients' vital
statistics, dispensing medicine when required, or tracking healthcare assets.
 M2M is also an important aspect of remote control, robotics, traffic control, security,
logistics and fleet management, and automotive.
 M2M Applications

a. Security : Surveillances, Alarm systems, Access control, Car/driver security

b. Tracking & Tracing : Fleet Management, Order Management, Pay as you drive,
Asset Tracking, Navigation, Traffic information, Road tolling, Traffic
optimization/steering
c. Payment : Point of sales, Vending machines, Gaming machines
d. Health : Monitoring vital signs, Supporting the aged or handicapped, Web Access
Telemedicine points, Remote diagnostics
e. Remote Maintenance/Control : Sensors, Lighting, Pumps, Valves, Elevator control,
Vending machine control, Vehicle diagnostics
f. Metering : Power, Gas, Water, Heating, Grid control, Industrial metering
g. Manufacturing : Production chain monitoring and automation
h. Facility Management : Home / building / campus automation
M2M and IoT Diff?