code optimisation in Golang
Test & Benchmark
using benchmarks and profiling
Recipe for code optimisation
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Write benchmark
– Đi kèm với “testing package” của Golang
– Dễ dàng so sánh performance
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CPU Profile
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Memory Profile
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Blocking profile
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Other tricks
Package “testing”
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Package testing provides support for automated testing &
benchmark of Go packages.
– Được sử dụng phối hợp với lệnh “go test”
– Tính auto cần phải dựa trên các form và syntax:
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Syntax file:
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Form func:
– File test: “go test” tìm kiếm các file test này và compile
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Syntax: <filename>_test.go
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Rule: Put the file in the same package as the one being tested
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Các file “xxx_test.go” sẽ được loại bỏ (exclude) khi “build” package.
– Tự động tìm kiếm các hàm được viết theo chuẩn (form):
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Form: <Prefix><Upper-Char><any alphanumeric string>
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Ex:
– func TestXxx(*testing.T)
– func BenchmarkXxx(*testing.B)
Package “testing”
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The “go test” command expects to find test, benchmark, and example
functions in the "*_test.go" files corresponding to the package under test.
– A test function is one named TestXXX and should have the signature
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func TestXXX(t *testing.T) { ... }
– A benchmark function is one named BenchmarkXXX and should have the signature
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func BenchmarkXXX(b *testing.B) { ... }
– An example function is similar to a test function
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Not use *testing.T
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prints output to os.Stdout.
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Method:
– type B is a type passed to Benchmark functions to manage benchmark timing and
to specify the number of iterations to run.
– type T is a type passed to Test functions to manage test state and support
formatted test logs.
Write Benchmark
“-bench=.” : run
func BenchmarkHello(b *testing.B) { go test -bench=. benchmark all func in
for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ { directory
fmt.Sprintf("hello")
}
} BenchmarkHello-4 20000000 103 ns/op
Number of loops
The benchmark function must run the
target code b.N times.
During benchmark execution, b.N is go test -bench=Hello
adjusted until the benchmark function
lasts long enough to be timed reliably. “-bench=Hello” : run benchmark
only BenchmarkHello func
go test -bench=PIndexPath -benchtime=20s
-benchtime flag: fix benchmark
time
Write Benchmark
Compare the performance
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Benchcmp makes it easier to compare between various benchmark
results and benchviz make it even more easier by providing simple
visualization.
– go get github.com/ajstarks/svgo/benchviz
– go get golang.org/x/tools/cmd/benchcmp
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go test -run=xxx -bench=. | tee bench1
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Use benchcmp for performance comparison
– $ benchcmp bench1 bench2
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Use benchviz
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Use benchcmp & benchviz
– $GOPATH/bin/benchcmp bench1 bench2 | $GOPATH/bin/benchviz > out.svg
CPU Profile
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Using Profiling
– Cpuprofile in “go test”
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go test -run=^$ -bench=. -cpuprofile=profile.cpu
– 2 new files are created:
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A binary ending with .test
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The profile info in profile.cpu
– Pprof tool in “go tool pprof”
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go tool pprof <binary> <profile file>
– go tool pprof simple-benchmark.test profile.cpu
Memory Profile
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Mallocgc is Golang garbage collector
– GC sweeps the heap allocations once it starts spiking up
– Question:
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How to identify the reason behind the high CPU usage of some these runtime functions?
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What is the functions which are contributing highly for the mallogc invocation?
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Use: *testing.B.ReportAlloc()
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Use Profiling
– Memprofile in “go test”
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go test -run=^$ -bench=. -memprofile=mem0.out
– Pprof tool in “go tool pprof”
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$go tool pprof --alloc_space bench.test mem0.out
– inuse_objects (show count by number of allocations)
– alloc_space (shows the total allocation size)
Other tools
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Golang blocking profiler
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sync.Pool
– To pool and re-use resources
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Garbage collector tracer
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Memory Allocator tracer
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Scheduler tracer
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runtime.ReadMemstats
Các yếu tố ảnh hưởng tới
benchmark
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RAM:
– Ảnh hưởng 1 chút đối với benchmark
– Ảnh hưởng tới số lượng vòng lặp kiểm thử
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CPU
– thermal management: can add noise to benchmark results.
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Mallocgc
–
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Compiler optimisations
– Phần: “A note on compiler optimisations”
Các yếu tố ảnh hưởng tới
benchmark
Stress test Go packages
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https://dave.cheney.net/2013/06/19/stress-test-
your-go-packages
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Ref
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Go Performance Tales
Ref
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https://golang.org/pkg/testing/
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https://dave.cheney.net/2013/06/30/how-to-write
-benchmarks-in-go
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http://www.soroushjp.com/2015/01/27/beautifull
y-simple-benchmarking-with-go/
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http://www.gophercon.in/pdf/gcon1.pdf
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https://medium.com/@hackintoshrao/analyzing-
benchmarks-with-ease-using-benchcmp-and-be
nchviz-golang-add607fc46d6
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https://medium.com/@hackintoshrao/daily-code
-optimization-using-benchmarks-and-profiling-in
-golang-gophercon-india-2016-talk-874c8b4dc3
