Plant: Jump To Navigation Jump To Search

Plant
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jump to navigationJump to search
For other uses, see Plant (disambiguation).
For an explanation of similar terms, see Viridiplantae and Green algae.
Plants
Temporal range: Mesoproterozoic–
present
Had'n
Archean
Proterozoic
Pha.
Scientific classification
Domain: Eukaryota
(unranked): Diaphoretickes
(unranked): Archaeplastida
Kingdom: Plantae
sensu Copeland, 1956
Superdivisions
 Chlorokybophyta
 Mesostigmatophyta
 Spirotaenia
 Chlorobionta Kenrick &
Crane 1997
o Chlorophyta
 Streptobionta Kenrick &
Crane 1997
o Klebsormidioph
yceae
o Charophyta (ston
eworts)
o ?
Chaetosphaeridiales
o Coleochaetophyt
a
o Zygnematophyta
o Embryophyta En
gler, 1892 (land plants)
 Marcha
ntiophyta (liverwort
s)
 Bryophy
ta (mosses)
 Anthoce
rotophyta (hornwort
s)
 †Horneo
phyta
 †Aglaop
hyta
 Tracheo
phyta (vascular
plants)
Synonyms
 Viridiplantae Cavalier-
Smith 1981[1]
 Chlorobionta Jeffrey 1982,
emend. Bremer 1985, emend.
Lewis and McCourt 2004[2]
 Chlorobiota Kenrick and
Crane 1997[3]
 Chloroplastida Adl et al.,
2005 [4]
 Phyta Barkley
1939 emend. Holt & Uidica 2007
 Cormophyta Endlicher,
1836
 Cormobionta Rothmaler,
1948
 Euplanta Barkley, 1949
 Telomobionta Takhtajan,
1964
 Embryobionta Cronquist et
al., 1966
 Metaphyta Whittaker, 1969
Plants are mainly multicellular, predominantly photosynthetic eukaryotes of

the kingdom Plantae. Historically, plants were treated as one of two kingdoms
including all living things that were not animals, and all algae and fungi were
treated as plants. However, all current definitions of Plantae exclude the fungi and
some algae, as well as the prokaryotes (the archaea and bacteria). By one
definition, plants form the clade Viridiplantae (Latin name for "green plants"), a
group that includes the flowering plants, conifers and
other gymnosperms, ferns and their allies, hornworts, liverworts, mosses and
the green algae, but excludes the red and brown algae.
Green plants obtain most of their energy from sunlight via photosynthesis by
primary chloroplasts that are derived from endosymbiosis with cyanobacteria. Their
chloroplasts contain chlorophylls a and b, which gives them their green color.
Some plants are parasitic or mycotrophic and have lost the ability to produce
normal amounts of chlorophyll or to photosynthesize. Plants are characterized
by sexual reproduction and alternation of generations, although asexual
reproduction is also common.
There are about 320,000 species of plants, of which the great majority, some 260–
290 thousand, produce seeds.[5] Green plants provide a substantial proportion of
the world's molecular oxygen,[6] and are the basis of most of Earth's ecosystems.
Plants that produce grain, fruit and vegetables also form basic human foods and
have been domesticated for millennia. Plants have many cultural and other uses,
as ornaments, building materials, writing material and, in great variety, they have
been the source of medicines and psychoactive drugs. The scientific study of
plants is known as botany, a branch of biology.
Contents
 1Definition
o 1.1Current definitions of Plantae
o 1.2Algae
o 1.3Fungi
 2Diversity
o 2.1Evolution
o 2.2Embryophytes
o 2.3Fossils
 3Structure, growth and development
o 3.1Factors affecting growth
 3.1.1Effects of freezing
o 3.2DNA damage and repair
o 3.3Plant cells
 4Physiology
o 4.1Photosynthesis
o 4.2Immune system
o 4.3Internal distribution
 5Genomics
 6Ecology
o 6.1Distribution
o 6.2Ecological relationships
 7Importance
o 7.1Food
o 7.2Medicines
o 7.3Nonfood products
o 7.4Aesthetic uses
o 7.5Scientific and cultural uses
o 7.6Negative effects
 8See also
 9References
 10Further reading
 11External links
Definition
All living things were traditionally placed into one of two groups, plants and
animals. This classification may date from Aristotle (384 BC – 322 BC), who made
the distinction between plants, which generally do not move, and animals, which
often are mobile to catch their food. Much later, when Linnaeus (1707–1778)
created the basis of the modern system of scientific classification, these two
groups became the kingdoms Vegetabilia (later Metaphyta or Plantae)
and Animalia (also called Metazoa). Since then, it has become clear that the plant
kingdom as originally defined included several unrelated groups, and the fungi and
several groups of algae were removed to new kingdoms. However, these
organisms are still often considered plants, particularly in popular contexts.
The term "plant" generally implies the possession of the following traits:
multicellularity, possession of cell walls containing cellulose, and the ability to carry
out photosynthesis with primary chloro

Plant: Jump To Navigation Jump To Search

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Plant: Jump To Navigation Jump To Search

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Plant: Jump To Navigation Jump To Search

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Plant

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Lewis and McCourt 2004[2]

Plants are mainly multicellular, predominantly photosynthetic eukaryotes of

You might also like