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Multiplication Special

This document provides methods for multiplying two numbers in different cases: 1) When the unit digits sum to 10 and the remaining digits are the same 2) When the difference between the numbers is even 3) When the numbers are close to a multiple of 100 4) When the numbers follow a pattern of successive 5s 5) When the numbers end in 5 It explains the step-by-step work for examples of each case.

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142 views6 pages

Multiplication Special

This document provides methods for multiplying two numbers in different cases: 1) When the unit digits sum to 10 and the remaining digits are the same 2) When the difference between the numbers is even 3) When the numbers are close to a multiple of 100 4) When the numbers follow a pattern of successive 5s 5) When the numbers end in 5 It explains the step-by-step work for examples of each case.

Uploaded by

chaostheorist
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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I) Special cases:

a) To multiply those two numbers, the sum of whose unit digit is 10 and the rest digits
(left to the unit digit) are same in both the numbers.
38 x 32

Step 1: Multiply the unit digits as 8 2=16


Step 2: Add 1 to the common portion of the two numbers (3 in this case) and multiply this
increased number with the original common portion
( )
Thus, we get
83 x 87

Step 1:
Step 2: ( )

71 x 79

Step 1:

Step 2: ( )
Therefore
The last two places are reserved for the product of unit digits as in the above but
we fill the last two places x writing “09”. So don’t write 569 since it is wrong.

125 x 125

Step 1: 5
Step 2: 12 ( )
So

431 x 439

Step 1:
Step 2: 43 ( )
So

1203 x 1207

Step 1: 3
Step 2: 120 ( )
So

b) To Multiply the two numbers whose difference is always an even number.

38 x 52
Step 1: 52-38 (here 14 is an even number)
Step 2: Step 3:
Step 4: ( ) Step 5:
Step 6:

76 x 96.

Step 1: 96-76 (here 20 is an even number)


Step 2:
Step 3: 76
Step 4: ( )
Step 5:
Step 6: 7396

185 x 215.

Step 1: 215-185 (here 30 is an even number)


Step 2:
Step 3: 185
Step 4: ( ) ( )

In general, if there are any two numbers N1 and N2 is 2d then their product i.e.,

( )
or ( )

c) Both numbers close to multiple of 100

97 x 92
Step 1: Write the two numbers with the difference from the base i.e. 100 including the sign as
shown below.
97  3 (because 97 is obtained as 100  3)
92  8 (because 92 is obtained as 100  8)
Step 2: Take the sum of the two numbers (considering their signs also) along either of the
two diagonals (which will be the same in both the cases). In this example, diagonal sum is 97
 8 = 92  3 = 89. This will form the first part of the product.
Step 3: The second part of the product is the product (taken along with the sign) of the
difference, in this example it is the product of –3 and –8 which is 24.
putting these two parts 89 and 24 together one next to the other, the answer is 8924, i.e.,
the product of 97 and 92 is 8924.

105 x 107
In this case, both the numbers are close to 100, so 100 is taken as the base. We will now find
the deficit/ surplus from the base.
Base = 100, Surplus = 5 and 7

The right part (after slash) => this is the product of the surplus. Since the base =100 and the
surpluses are 5 and 7, the product would be 5 x 7 = 35.
The left part (before slash) => It could be either of the numbers plus the surplus of the other
multiplicand. Hence, the left part would be either (105 + 7) or (107 + 5) = 112 (both will
always be the same) i.e., 112.
The left part would be equivalent to the number vl00. In this case, 112x100=11200
Now, we add both the right part and the left part = 11200 + 35 = 11235
Hence, the result of the multiplication would be 11235.

108 x 104

111 x 112

Here, it is 11 x 12 = 132. But it can have only two digits. Thus, 1 will be earned over to the
left part and the right part will be only 32. Left part will be either 111 + 12 + 1 (1 for the
carry oven or 1112 - 11 + 1), i.e., 124. So, the result will be 12432.
For 102 104. the answer will be 10608. Please note that the right part will be 08 and not
simply 8.

97 x 95

Base = 100, Deficit = 97 – 100 = -3 and 95-100 = -5


97 x 102

96 108
Base = 100. Deficit = 97 - 100 = -3,
Surplus = 102-100 = 2
The right part will now be (- 3) x 2, i.e., -06. To take care of the negative, we will borrow 1
from the left part, which is equivalent to borrowing 100 (because we are borrowing from
the hundred digits of the left part). Thus, this part will be 100-06 = 94.
So, the answer = 98 94

Now take an example where the numbers are close to 1000. i.e. 103.

992 x 996
Step 1: 992 8
9964
Step 2: 992  4 = 996  8 = 988. (The first part of the product.)
Step 3: (8) x (4) = 032 (the second part of the product). Putting these two parts together, the
answer is 998032.

1004 x 1007
Step 1: 1004  +4
1007  +7
Step 2: 1004 + 7 = 1007 + 4 = 1011. (The first part of the product.)
Step 3: (+4) x (+7) = 028 (the second part of the product). Putting these parts together, the
answer is 1011028.

1007 x 1024
Step 1: 1007  +7
1024  +24
Step 2: 1007 + 24 = 1024 + 7 = 1031. (The first part of the product.)
Step 3: (+7) x (+24) = +168 (the second part of the product). Putting these parts together the
answer is 1031168.
1017 x 987
Step 1: 1017  +17
987  13
Step 2: 1017  13 = 987 + 17 = 1004. (The first part of the product.)
Step 3: (+17) x (13) = 221. The sum is negative, we should borrow 1 from the thousands
place of step 2 i.e. 1000  221 = 779 which will be the second part of the answer. Now, the
first becomes 1004  1 = 1003. Putting these two parts together, the answer is 103779.

We can also extend this method to find the product of two numbers which may not be close
to a power of 10 but both of which are close to a multiple of a power of 10. This requires a
little bit of modification to the method as discussed in the examples below.

Find the product of 297 and 292.


Here, the numbers are not close to any power of 10 but are close to 300 which is a multiple
of 100 which itself is a power of 10. So, we adopt 300 as a "temporary base". This temporary
base is a multiple (or a sub-multiple) of the main base 100. Here, the temporary base 300 =
3 x 100. Then, the procedure of finding out the deviation from the base, getting the cross-
totals and the product of the deviations should be done in a manner similar to the previous
cases except that the deviations will be taken from the temporary base.
297  –3
292  –8
----- ------
289 +24
(289 x 3 = 867) Ans.86724
We have got the first part of the answer as 289 and the second part of the answer as 24. But
before we put these two parts together to get the final result, one more step is involved.
The first part of the answer is not the final figure – this is an intermediate stage of the first
part. This first part should be multiplied by the same figure with which the power of 10 is
multiplied to get the temporary base. In this case, we multiplied 100 (which is the power of
10) by 3 to get the temporary base 300. So, the intermediate stage figure of the first part
(289) will also have to be multiplied by 3 to get the final figure for the first part. Hence the
first part will be 867 (=3 x 289). Now, putting the first and the second parts together, the
product of 297 and 292 is 86724 (Please note that the product of the deviations should still
have as many digits as the number of zeroes in the base – in this case two because 100 has
two zeroes).

Find the product of 192 and 207.


In the above example, one number is more than 200 and one number is less than 200, so we
take 200 as the temporary base.
Step 1: 192  8
207  +7
Step 2: The first part of the product is 192 + 7 = 199. As the number (192 and 207) are close
to 200 (2 x 100), multiply the first part of the product (i.e.199) with 2, resulting in 2 x 199 =
398.
Step 3: The second part of the product i.e.8 x 7 = 56 is negative, so borrow 1 from 398.
When 1 is brought to the second part, that 1 will become in value equal to the base i.e.100.
We are left with 398  1 = 397 as the first part of the product and 100  56 = 44 as the
second part of the product.
Now, putting the two parts together we get 39744 as the result.
You can extend this logic to the multiplication of two numbers with different bases.
For example:
979 x 92
979  –21
920  –80 (by adding 0 to the number 92, it becomes 920)
----- --------
899 +1680 Ans.900680

Here, 979 is close to 1000 and 92 is close to 100. For finding the product, we force 92 also
close to 1000 by taking it as 920.Then apply our regular method and find the product of 979
and 920. From the resulting product drop the zero in the units place to give the correct
result for the product of 979 and 92. So drop the 0 in units place. Hence the product of 979
and 92 is 90068.

d) Successive 5s
For example 35 x45. Last 2 digits will always be 75. Take the non 5 portion of the bigger
number. In this case, 4. Square it and subtract 1. 42 – 1= 15. This will be th portion of the
answer before 75. So 35 x 4= 1575
65 x75 = (72-1) and 75 sp 4875
105 x 115 = 12075 and so on

e) Any 2 numbers ending in 5


For example 35 x 65
Add the non 5 part of each number. If it is odd then the last 2 digits will be 75 and if it is odd
(6+3=9) last 2 digits will be 25.
The portion of the answer before the last 2 digits will be equal to 6x3 + . Since is 4.5,
therefore we will take only the integral part i.e. 4. So 18+4=22.
Answer is 2275
For example 45 x 125
Last 2 digits will be 25 (4+12=16, even)
Rest of the answer will be : 4x12 + = 56
Ans: 5625
For example 65 x 115
Last 2 digits will be 75
Rest of the answer will be : 6x11 + = 74
Ans: 7475

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