OWS Hydraulic Design

HYDRAULIC DESIGN OF OILY WATER SEPARATOR
Calc. by: Engr. Franklyn Orode

Design Criteria
API (1990) stated that conventional oil-water separators are designed based on the
design criteria summarized as follows:
Design Parameters
1. The specific gravity of diesel fuel oil ranges from 0.81 to 0.96, adopt 0.9
2.Peak flow rate of 1.5 m3/min adopted
3. Oil Concentration 150 mg/l adopted
3. SG of wastewater = 0.992, SG of oil = 0.9,
4.viscosity of wastewater = 0.00091 Pa.s,
5. diameter of oil droplet = 150 microns
Calculating oil droplet rise rate,

The oil droplet rise rate can be calculated from Equation( S1) ( API , 1990
Putting values in Equation (S1):
vt = 9.8 x (992-900)(0.00015)2/(18 x0.00091)

= 0.0012385 m/s = 0.07431m/min
Calculating residence (retention) time, t
The residence (retention) time,t is given by Equation (S2) (City of Tacoma Stormwater
Management Manual, 2016).
Assuming depth of separator, D = 2 m

t= 2/0.07431 = 26.9 mins.
STEP 3: Calculating the design volume, V of the separator,
The volume, V of the separator is given by Equation (S3) (City of Tacoma Stormwater
Management Manual, 2016):
Where, V = volume of separator in m 3; = peak wastewater flow rate in m 3/min; and t =
residence (retention) time in minutes
V= 1.5 x 26.9= 40.35m3

Separator volume of 40.35m3 is required for the treatment.
STEP 4: Calculating oil separation efficiency, E required by law
Assume regulatory effluent oil limit = 12 mg/l
The oil separation efficiency, E can be calculated from Equation (S4) (Metcalf & Eddy,
2004).
Where, E = Oil separation efficiency in fraction. Multiply by 100 to convert to
percentage (if need be);Qi = peak wastewater flow rate in m 3/min; Q0 = outflow
(effluent) rate in m3/min; Ci = oil concentration in the wastewater in kg/m3 and
C0 = regulatory effluent oil limit of the country of interest or desired effluent oil
concentration in kg/m3.
Assuming 5 % reduction in flow rate as the wastewater flows through the separator,
effluent flow rate, can be calculated from Equation (S5):
Q0= 1.5 - 0.05(1.5) = 1.425 m3/min
Regulatory effluent oil limit = 12 mg/l = 0.012 kg/m 3
Oil concentration = 150 mg/l = 0.15 kg/m 3
E= (0.15x1.5 - 0.012 x1.425)/(0.15 x1.5)= 92.4%
Design oil separation efficiency,E = 92.4%
STEP 5: Calculating the width, W of the separator
Referring to Table S1 with the design volume of 40.35m 3 and applying interpolation, the
corresponding width,
W=2.2m.
The separator width (W) of 2.25m satisfied the API condition that width should be in the
range of 1.8288 metre (6 feet) to 6.096 metre (20 feet).The width value of 2.25m. Also
by applying interpolation ,
Depth =2.2 x 0.5 = 1.1m
giving a depth-to -width ratio of 0.5 thus satisfying the API condition that depth-to-width
ratio should range from 0.3 to 0.5.
STEP 6: Calculating horizontal velocity,
The horizontal velocity, can be calculated from Equation (S6) (City of Tacoma
Stormwater Management Manual, 2016):
VH = 1.5/(1.1 x 2.2) = 0.6198m/min
The calculated horizontal velocity,V H of 0.6198m/min satisfied the API condition which
states that horizontal velocity should be less than or equal to API maximum horizontal
velocity of 0.9144 m/min.
STEP 7: Calculating aspect ratio, R of the separator
The aspect ratio can be calculated from the aspect ratio model, Equation (S7):
But E = 0.924 and 1 – E = 0.076
R = (40.35 x 1.5 x 0.15 x 0.076)/(1.425 x 0.012 x2.2 2 x 1.1)

= 7.58
STEP 8: Calculating the initial length of the separator
Agunwamba (2000) stated that aspect ratio can also be calculated from Equation
Aspect ratio, R = 7.58
Putting values in Equation (S8) and solving for length, L:
Initial length of separator = 7.58 x 2.2= 16.676m
STEP 9: Calculating the design length of the separator (compensating for
turbulence and short-circuiting)
VH/Vt= 0.6198/0.07431 = 8.34
From the API turbulence and short-circuiting factor versus / graph in Figure S1, the
turbulence and short- circuiting factor, F = 1.46
Design length of the separator can be calculated from Equation (S9) (API, 1990):
Design length of the separator = initial length x F
Design length of the separator = 16.676 x 1.46= 24.3 m
API standard states that aspect ratio (L/W) should be equal to or greater than 5.
Checking the L/W ratio:

24.3/2.2 = 11
The length and the width of the separator satisfied the API aspect ratio condition.
Length of OWS Adopted = 8.8m
Width of OWS adopted = 3.6m
Depth of OWS adopted = 2m
The size adopted for the OWS was as a result of the space available for its
construction. It met all aspect of the API requirements except on the aspect ratio
which is less than 5.

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HYDRAULIC DESIGN OF OILY WATER SEPARATOR

Calc. by: Engr. Franklyn Orode

design criteria summarized as follows:

2.Peak flow rate of 1.5 m3/min adopted

3. Oil Concentration 150 mg/l adopted

3. SG of wastewater = 0.992, SG of oil = 0.9,

4.viscosity of wastewater = 0.00091 Pa.s,

5. diameter of oil droplet = 150 microns

Calculating oil droplet rise rate,

Putting values in Equation (S1):

vt = 9.8 x (992-900)(0.00015)2/(18 x0.00091)

Management Manual, 2016).

Assuming depth of separator, D = 2 m

STEP 3: Calculating the design volume, V of the separator,

Management Manual, 2016):

Where, V = volume of separator in m 3; = peak wastewater flow rate in m 3/min; and t =

residence (retention) time in minutes

Putting values in Equation (S3):

V= 1.5 x 26.9= 40.35m3

STEP 4: Calculating oil separation efficiency, E required by law

Assume regulatory effluent oil limit = 12 mg/l

(effluent) rate in m3/min; Ci = oil concentration in the wastewater in kg/m3 and

effluent flow rate, can be calculated from Equation (S5):

Putting values in Equation (S5):

Q0= 1.5 - 0.05(1.5) = 1.425 m3/min

Regulatory effluent oil limit = 12 mg/l = 0.012 kg/m 3

Oil concentration = 150 mg/l = 0.15 kg/m 3

Putting values in Equation (S4):

E= (0.15x1.5 - 0.012 x1.425)/(0.15 x1.5)= 92.4%

Design oil separation efficiency,E = 92.4%

STEP 5: Calculating the width, W of the separator

Depth =2.2 x 0.5 = 1.1m

ratio should range from 0.3 to 0.5.

STEP 6: Calculating horizontal velocity,

Stormwater Management Manual, 2016):

Putting values in Equation (S6):

VH = 1.5/(1.1 x 2.2) = 0.6198m/min

velocity of 0.9144 m/min.

STEP 7: Calculating aspect ratio, R of the separator

But E = 0.924 and 1 – E = 0.076

Putting values in Equation (S7):

R = (40.35 x 1.5 x 0.15 x 0.076)/(1.425 x 0.012 x2.2 2 x 1.1)

STEP 8: Calculating the initial length of the separator

Aspect ratio, R = 7.58

Putting values in Equation (S8) and solving for length, L:

Initial length of separator = 7.58 x 2.2= 16.676m

STEP 9: Calculating the design length of the separator (compensating for

turbulence and short-circuiting)

VH/Vt= 0.6198/0.07431 = 8.34

turbulence and short- circuiting factor, F = 1.46

Design length of the separator = initial length x F

Design length of the separator = 16.676 x 1.46= 24.3 m

Checking the L/W ratio:

Length of OWS Adopted = 8.8m

Width of OWS adopted = 3.6m

Depth of OWS adopted = 2m

which is less than 5.

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