Similarity

Question 1.
State which pairs of triangles in the figure given below are similar. Write the
similarity rule used and also write the pairs of similar triangles in symbolic form
(all lengths of sides are in cm):

Solution:
Given
(i) In ∆ABC and PQR
Question 2.
It is given that ∆DEF ~ ∆RPQ. Is it true to say that ∠D = ∠R and ∠F = ∠P ? Why?
Solution:
∆DEF ~ ∆RPQ
∠D = ∠R and ∠F = ∠Q not ∠P
No, ∠F ≠ ∠P

Question 3.
If in two right triangles, one of the acute angle of one triangle is equal to an acute
angle of the other triangle, can you say that the two triangles are similar? Why?
Solution:
In two right triangles,
one of the acute angles of the one triangle is
equal to an acute angle of the other triangle.
The triangles are similar. (AAA axiom)

Question 4.
In the given figure, BD and CE intersect each other at the point P. Is ∆PBC ~
∆PDE? Give reasons for your answer.

Solution:
In the given figure, two line segments intersect each other at P.
In ∆BCP and ∆DEP
∠BPC = ∠DPE

Question 5.
It is given that ∆ABC ~ ∆EDF such that AB = 5 cm, AC = 7 cm, DF = 15 cm and DE
= 12 cm.
Find the lengths of the remaining sides of the triangles.
Solution:
∆ABC ~ ∆EDF
AB = 5 cm, AC = 7 cm, DF = 15 cm and DE = 12 cm

Question 6.
(a) If ∆ABC ~ ∆DEF, AB = 4 cm, DE = 6 cm, EF = 9 cm and FD = 12 cm, then find
the perimeter of ∆ABC.
(b) If ∆ABC ~ ∆PQR, Perimeter of ∆ABC = 32 cm, perimeter of ∆PQR = 48 cm and
PR = 6 cm, then find the length of AC.
Solution:
(a) ∆ABC ~ ∆DEF
AB = 4 cm, DE = 6 cm, EF = 9 cm and FD = 12 cm
Question 7.
Calculate the other sides of a triangle whose shortest side is 6 cm and which is
similar to a triangle whose sides are 4 cm, 7 cm and 8 cm.
Solution:
Let ∆ABG ~ ∆DEF in which shortest side of
∆ABC is BC = 6 cm.
In ∆DEF, DE = 8 cm, EF = 4 cm and DF = 7 cm

Question 8.
(a) In the figure given below, AB || DE, AC = , 3 cm, CE = 7.5 cm and BD = 14 cm.
Calculate CB and DC.

(b) In the figure (2) given below, CA || BD, the lines AB and CD meet at G.
(i) Prove that ∆ACO ~ ∆BDO.
(ii) If BD = 2.4 cm, OD = 4 cm, OB = 3.2 cm and AC = 3.6 cm, calculate OA and OC.

Solution:
(a) In the given figure,
AB||DE, AC = 3 cm, CE = 7.5 cm, BD = 14 cm
Question 9.
(a) In the figure
(i) given below, ∠P = ∠RTS.
Prove that ∆RPQ ~ ∆RTS.
(b) In the figure (ii) given below,
∠ADC = ∠BAC. Prove that CA² = DC x BC.
Solution:
(a) In the given figure, ∠P = ∠RTS
To prove : ∆RPQ ~ ∆RTS
Proof : In ∆RPQ and ∆RTS
∠R = ∠R (common)
∠P = ∠RTS (given)
∆RPQ ~ ∆RTS (AA axiom)

Question 10.
(a) In the figure (1) given below, AP = 2PB and CP = 2PD.
(i) Prove that ∆ACP is similar to ∆BDP and AC || BD.
(ii) If AC = 4.5 cm, calculate the length of BD.

(b) In the figure (2) given below,

∠ADE = ∠ACB.
(i) Prove that ∆s ABC and AED are similar.
(ii) If AE = 3 cm, BD = 1 cm and AB = 6 cm, calculate AC.
(c) In the figure (3) given below, ∠PQR = ∠PRS. Prove that triangles PQR and PRS
are similar. If PR = 8 cm, PS = 4 cm, calculate PQ.

Solution:
In the given figure,
AP = 2PB, CP = 2PD
To prove:
Question 11.
In the given figure, ABC is a triangle in which AB = AC. P is a point on the side BC
such that PM ⊥ AB and PN ⊥ AC. Prpve that BM x NP = CN x MP.
Solution:
In the given figure, ABC in which AB = AC.
P is a point on BC such that PM ⊥ AB and PN ⊥ AC
To prove : BM x NP = CN x MP

Question 12.
Prove that the ratio of the perimeters of two similar triangles is the same as the
ratio of their corresponding sides.
Solution:
Given : ∆ABC ~ ∆PQR .
To prove : Ratio in their perimeters k
the same as the ratio in their corresponding sides.
Question 13.
In the given figure, ABCD is a trapezium in which AB || DC. The diagonals AC and

BD intersect at O. Prove that 

Using the above result, find the value(s) of x if OA = 3x – 19, OB = x – 4, OC = x – 3

and OD = 4.
Solution:
ABCD is a trapezium in which AB || DC
Diagonals AC and BD intersect each other at O.
Question 14.
In ∆ABC, ∠A is acute. BD and CE are perpendicular on AC and AB respectively.
Prove that AB x AE = AC x AD.
Solution:
In ∆ABC, ∠A is acute
BD and CE are perpendiculars on AC and AB respectively
Question 15.

In the given figure, DB ⊥ BC, DE ⊥ AB and AC ⊥ BC. Prove that 

Solution:
In the given figure, DB ⊥ BC, DE ⊥ AB and AC ⊥ BC

To prove : 
Proof: In ∆ABC and ∆DEB

Question 16.
(a) In the figure (1) given below, E is a point on the side AD produced of a
parallelogram ABCD and BE intersects CD at F. show that ∆ABE ~ ∆CFB.
(b) In the figure (2) given below, PQRS is a parallelogram; PQ = 16 cm, QR = 10
cm. L is a point on PR such that RL : LP = 2 : 3. QL produced meets RS at M and
PS produced at N.
(i) Prove that triangle RLQ is similar to triangle PLN. Hence, find PN.
(ii) Name a triangle similar to triangle RLM. Evaluate RM.

Solution:
(a) In the given figure, ABCD is a ||gm
E is a point on AD and produced
and BE intersects CD at F.
To prove : ∆ABE ~ ∆CFB
Proof : In ∆ABE and ∆CFB
∠A = ∠C (opposite angles of a ||gm)
∠ABE = ∠BFC (alternate angles)
∆ABE ~ ∆CFB (AA axiom)
(b) In the given figure, PQRS is a ||gm PQ = 16 cm,
QR = 10 cm
L is a point on PR such that

Question 17.
The altitude BN and CM of ∆ABC meet at H. Prove that
(i) CN . HM = BM . HN .

(ii) 
(iii) ∆MHN ~ ∆BHC.
Solution:
In the given figure, BN ⊥ AC and CM ⊥ AB of ∆ABC
which intersect each other at H.
To prove:
(i) CN.HM = BM.HN

(ii) 
(iii) ∆MHN ~ ∆BHC.
Construction: Join MN
Question 18.
In the given figure, CM and RN are respectively the medians of ∆ABC and ∆PQR.
If ∆ABC ~ ∆PQR, prove that:
(i) ∆AMC ~ ∆PNR

(ii) 
(iii) ∆CMB ~ ∆RNQ.
Solution:
In the given figure, CM and RN are medians of ∆ABC and ∆PQR
respectively and ∆ABC ~ ∆PQR
To prove:
(i) ∆AMC ~ ∆PNR

Question 19.
In the given figure, medians AD and BE of ∆ABC meet at the point G, and DF is
drawn parallel to BE. Prove that
(i) EF = FC
(ii) AG : GD = 2 : 1

Solution:
In the given figure,
AD and BE are the medians of ∆ABC
intersecting each other at G
DF || BE is drawn
To prove :

Question 20.
(a) In the figure given below, AB, EF and CD are parallel lines. Given that AB =15
cm, EG = 5 cm, GC = 10 cm and DC = 18 cm. Calculate
(i) EF
(ii) AC.
(b) In the figure given below, AF, BE and CD are parallel lines. Given that AF = 7.5
cm, CD = 4.5 cm, ED = 3 cm, BE = x and AE = y. Find the values of x and y.

Solution:
In the given figure,
AB || EF || CD
AB = 15 cm, EG = 5 cm, GC = 10 cm and DC = 18 cm
Calculate :
Question 21.
In the given figure, ∠A = 90° and AD ⊥ BC If BD = 2 cm and CD = 8 cm, find AD.

Solution:
In ∆ABC, we have ∠A = 90°
Also, AD ⊥ BC
Now,
In ∆ABC, we have,
∠BAC = 90°
⇒ ∠BAD + ∠DAC = 90°…..(i)

Question 22.
A 15 metres high tower casts a shadow of 24 metres long at a certain time and at
the same time, a telephone pole casts a shadow 16 metres long. Find the height
of the telephone pole.
Solution:
Height of a tower AB = 15 m
and its shadow BC = 24 m
At the same time and position
Let the height of a telephone pole DE = x m
and its shadow EF = 16 m
Question 23.
A street light bulb is fixed on a pole 6 m above the level of street. If a woman of
height casts a shadow of 3 m, find how far she is away from the base of the pole?
Solution:
Height of height pole(AB) = 6m
and height of a woman (DE) = 1.5 m
Here shadow EF = 3 m .

Ex 13.2

Question 1.
(a) In the figure (i) given below if DE || BG, AD = 3 cm, BD = 4 cm and BC = 5 cm.
Find (i) AE : EC (ii) DE.
(b) In the figure (ii) given below, PQ || AC, AP = 4 cm, PB = 6 cm and BC = 8 cm.
Find CQ and BQ.
(c) In the figure (iii) given below, if XY || QR, PX = 1 cm, QX = 3 cm, YR = 4.5 cm
and QR = 9 cm, find PY and XY.

Solution:
(a) In the figure (i)
Given : DE || BC, AD = 3 cm, BD = 4 cm and BC = 5 cm.
To find (i) AE : EC and
(ii) DE Since DE || BC of ∆ABC
Question 2.
In the given figure, DE || BC.
(i) If AD = x, DB = x – 2, AE = x + 2 and EC = x – 1, find the value of x.
(ii) If DB = x – 3, AB = 2x, EC = x – 2 and AC = 2x + 3, find the value of x.

Solution:
In the given figure, DE || BC
(i) AD = x, DB = x – 2, AE = x + 2, EC = x – 1
In ∆ABC,
∵DE || BC
Question 3.
E and F are points on the sides PQ and PR respectively of a ∆PQR. For each of
the following cases, state whether EF || QR:
(i) PE = 3.9 cm, EQ = 3 cm, PF = 8 cm and RF = 9 cm.
(ii) PQ = 1.28 cm, PR = 2.56 cm, PE = 0.18 cm and PF = 0.36 cm.
Solution:
(i) In ∆PQR, E and F are the points on the sides PQ and PR respectively
PE = 3.9 cm, EQ = 3 cm, PF = 8 cm,
RF = 9 cm
Is EF || QR ?

Question 4.
A and B are respectively the points on the sides PQ and PR of a triangle PQR
such that PQ = 12.5 cm, PA = 5 cm, BR = 6 cm and PB = 4 cm. Is AB || QR? Give
reasons for your answer.
Solution:
In ∆PQR, A and B are points on the sides PQ and PR such that
PQ = 12.5 cm, PA = 5 cm, BR = 6 cm and PB = 4 cm
Question 5.
(a) In figure (i) given below, DE || BC and BD = CE. Prove that ABC is an isosceles
triangle.
(b) In figure (ii) given below, AB || DE and BD || EF. Prove that DC² = CF x AC.
Solution:
(a) Given: In the figure,
DE || BC and BD = CE
To prove: ∆ABC is an isosceles triangle
Proof: In ∆ABC, DE || BC
Question 6.
(a) In the figure (i) given below, CD || LA and DE || AC. Find the length of CL if BE
= 4 cm and EC = 2 cm.

(b) In the given figure, ∠D = ∠E and  . Prove that BAC is an isosceles

triangle.

Solution:
(a) Given : CD || LA and DE || AC
Length of BE = 4 cm
Length of EC = 2 cm
Now, in ∆BCA
DE || AC

(Corallary of basic proportionality theorem)

Question 7.
In the figure given below, A, B and C are points on OP, OQ and OR respectively
such that AB || PQ and AC || PR. show that BC || QR.

Solution:
In the given figure, A, B, C are points on
OP, OQ and OR respectively
and AB || PQ and AC || PR
To prove: BC || QR
Proof: In POQ,
AB || PQ
Question 8.
ABCD is a trapezium in which AB || DC and its diagonals intersect each other at

O. Using Basic Proportionality theorem, prove that 

Solution:
Given : ABCD is a trapezium in which AB || DC
Its diagonals AC and BD intersect each other at O

Question 9.
(a) In the figure (1) given below, AB || CR and LM || QR.

(i) Prove that 

(ii) Calculate LM : QR, given that BM : MC = 1 : 2.
(b) In the figure (2) given below AD is bisector of ∠BAC. If AB = 6 cm, AC = 4 cm
and BD = 3cm, find BC

Solution:
(a) Given: AB || CR and LM II QR.
Also BM : MC = 1:2
To Prove:

(i) 
Ex 13.3

Question 1.
Given that ∆s ABC and PQR are similar.
Find:
(i) The ratio of the area of ∆ABC to the area of ∆PQR if their corresponding sides
are in the ratio 1 : 3.
(ii) the ratio of their corresponding sides if area of ∆ABC : area of ∆PQR = 25 : 36.
Solution:
(i) ∴ ∆ABC ~ ∆PQR

(By theorem 15.1)

But BC = QR =1 : 3

Question 2.
∆ABC ~ DEF. If area of ∆ABC = 9 sq. cm., area of ∆DEF =16 sq. cm and BC = 2.1
cm., find the length of EF.
Solution:
Let EF = x
Given that
∆ABC ~ ∆DEF,

Question 3.
∆ABC ~ ∆DEF. If BC = 3 cm, EF = 4 cm and area of ∆ABC = 54 sq. cm. Determine
the area of ∆DEF.
Solution:
∆ABC ~ ∆DEF
Question 4.
The area of two similar triangles are 36 cm² and 25 cm². If an altitude of the first
triangle is 2.4 cm, find the corresponding altitude of the other triangle.
Solution:
Let ABC ~ ∆DEF, AL and DM are their altitudes
then area of ∆ABC = 36 cm²
area of ∆DEF = 25 cm² and AL = 2.4 cm.
Let DM = x
Now ∆ABC ~ ∆DEF

Question 5.
(a) In the figure, (i) given below, PB and QA are perpendiculars to the line
segment AB. If PO = 6 cm, QO = 9 cm and the area of ∆POB = 120 cm², find the
area of ∆QOA. (2006)

(b) In the figure (ii) given below, AB || DC. AO = 10 cm, OC = 5cm, AB = 6.5 cm and
OD = 2.8 cm.
(i) Prove that ∆OAB ~ ∆OCD.
(ii) Find CD and OB.
(iii) Find the ratio of areas of ∆OAB and ∆OCD.

Solution:
In ∆AOQ and ∆BOP, we have
∠ OAQ = ∠ OBP [Each = 90°]
∠ AOQ= ∠BOP
[Vertically opposite angles]
∆AOQ ~ ∆BOP [A.A. similarity]
Question 6.
(a) In the figure (i) given below, DE || BC. If DE = 6 cm, BC = 9 cm and area of
∆ADE = 28 sq. cm, find the area of ∆ABC.
(b) In the figure (iii) given below, DE || BC and AD : DB = 1 : 2, find the ratio of the
areas of ∆ADE and trapezium DBCE.

Solution:
(a) In the figure,
DE || BC
∠D = ∠B and ∠E = ∠C
(Corresponding angles)
Question 7.
In the given figure, DE || BC.
(i) Prove that ∆ADE and ∆ABC are similar.

(ii) Given that AD =   BD, calculate DE if BC = 4.5 cm.

(iii) If area of ∆ABC = 18cm², find the area of trapezium DBCE

Solution:
(i) Given : In ∆ABC, DE || BC.
To prove : ∆ADE ~ ∆ABC
Proof: In ∆ADE and ∆ABC,
∠A = ∠A (common)
∠ADE = ∠ABC (corresponding angles)
∴ ∆ADE ~ ∆ABC. (AA axiom)
(ii) ∴ ∆ADE ~ ∆ABC

∴ 
Question 8.
In the given figure, AB and DE are perpendicular to BC.
(i) Prove that ∆ABC ~ ∆DEC
(ii) If AB = 6 cm: DE = 4 cm and AC = 15 cm, calculate CD.
(iii) Find the ratio of the area of ∆ABC : area of ∆DEC.

Solution:
(i) To prove : ∆ABC ~ ∆DEC
In ∆ABC and ∆DEC

Question 9.
In the adjoining figure, ABC is a triangle.

DE is parallel to BC and 
(i) Determine the ratios 
(ii) Prove that ∆DEF is similar to ∆CBF.

Hence, find  .
(iii) What is the ratio of the areas of ∆DEF and ∆CBF ? (2007)

Solution:

(i) 
Question 10.
In ∆ABC, AP : PB = 2 : 3. PO is parallel to BC and is extended to Q so that CQ is
parallel to BA. Find:
(i) area ∆APO : area ∆ABC.
(ii) area ∆APO : area ∆CQO. (2008)

Solution:
In the figure,
PQ || BC and PO is produced to Q such that CQ || BA
and AP : PB = 2 : 3.
Question 11.
(a) In the figure (i) given below, ABCD is a trapezium in which AB || DC and AB = 2
CD. Determine the ratio of the areas of ∆AOB and ∆COD.
(b) In the figure (ii) given below, ABCD is a parallelogram. AM ⊥ DC and AN ⊥ CB.
If AM = 6 cm, AN = 10 cm and the area of parallelogram ABCD is 45 cm², find
(i) AB
(ii) BC
(iii) area of ∆ADM : area of ∆ANB.
(c) In the figure (iii) given below, ABCD is a parallelogram. E is a point on AB, CE
intersects the diagonal BD at O and EF || BC. If AE : EB = 2 : 3, find
(i) EF : AD
(ii) area of ∆BEF : area of ∆ABD
(iii) area of ∆ABD : area of trap. AFED
(iv) area of ∆FEO : area of ∆OBC.

Solution:
(a) In trapezium ABCD, AB || DC.
∠OAB = ∠OCD [alternate angles]
∠OBA = ∠ODC
∆AOB ~ ∆COD
Question 12.
In the adjoining figure, ABCD is a parallelogram. P is a point on BC such that BP :
PC = 1 : 2 and DP produced meets AB produced at Q. If area of ∆CPQ = 20 cm²,
find
(i) area of ∆BPQ.
(ii) area ∆CDP.
(iii) area of || gm ABCD.
Solution:
In the figure, ABCD is a parallelogram.
P is a point on BC such that BP : PC = 1 : 2
and DP is produced to meet ABC produced at Q.
Area ∆CPQ = 20 cm²
Question 13.
(a) In the figure (i) given below, DE || BC and the ratio of the areas of ∆ADE and
trapezium DBCE is 4 : 5. Find the ratio of DE : BC.
(b) In the figure (ii) given below, AB || DC and AB = 2 DC. If AD = 3 cm, BC = 4 cm
and AD, BC produced meet at E, find (i) ED (ii) BE (iii) area of ∆EDC : area of
trapezium ABCD.

Solution:
(a) In ∆ABC, DE || BC
Now in ∆ABC and ∆ADE
∠A = ∠A (common)
∠D = ∠B and ∠E = ∠C
(Corresponding angles)
∆ADE ~ ∆ABC
Question 14.
(a) In the figure given below, ABCD is a trapezium in which DC is parallel to AB. If
AB = 9 cm, DC = 6 cm and BB = 12 cm., find
(i) BP
(ii) the ratio of areas of ∆APB and ∆DPC.

(b) In the figure given below, ∠ABC = ∠DAC and AB = 8 cm, AC = 4 cm, AD = 5 cm.
(i) Prove that ∆ACD is similar to ∆BCA
(ii) Find BC and CD
(iii) Find the area of ∆ACD : area of ∆ABC.

Solution:
(a) In trapezium ABCD, DC || AB
Question 15.
ABC is a right angled triangle with ∠ABC = 90°. D is any point on AB and DE is
perpendicular to AC. Prove that:
(i) ∆ADE ~ ∆ACB.
(ii) If AC = 13 cm, BC = 5 cm and AE = 4 cm. Find DE and AD.
(iii) Find, area of ∆ADE : area of quadrilateral BCED.
Solution:
(i) Consider DADE and DACB
∠A = ∠A (Common)
m∠B = m∠E = 90°
Thus by angle-angle similarity, triangles,
∆ACB ~ ∆ADE
(ii) Consider ∆ADE and ∆ACB
Since they are similar triangles,
the sides are proportional Thus, we have,
Question 16.
Two isosceles triangles have equal vertical angles and their areas are in the ratio
7 : 16. Find the ratio of their corresponding height.
Solution:
In two isosceles ∆s ABC and DEF
Question 17.
On a map drawn to a scale of 1 : 250000, a triangular plot of land has the
following measurements :
AB = 3 cm, BC = 4 cm and ∠ABC = 90°. Calculate
(i) the actual length of AB in km.
(ii) the area of the plot in sq. km:
Solution:

Scale factor k = 1 : 250000 = 

Length on map,
AB = 3 cm, BC = 4 cm

Question 18.
On a map drawn to a scale of 1 : 25000, a rectangular plot of land, ABCD has the
following measurements AB = 12 cm and BG = 16 cm.
Calculate:
(i) the distance of a diagonal of the plot in km.
(ii) the area of the plot in sq. km.
Solution:

Scale factor (k) = 

Measurements of plot ABCD on the map are
AB = 12 cm and BC = 16 cm.

Question 19.
The model of a building is constructed with the scale factor 1 : 30.
(i) If the height of the model is 80 cm, find the actual height of the building in
metres.
(ii) If the actual volume of a tank at the top of the building is 27 m³, find the
volume of the tank on the top of the model. (2009)
Solution:

(i) 
Question 20.
A model of a ship is made to a scale of 1 : 200.
(i) If the length of the model is 4 m, find the length of the ship.
(ii) If the area of the deck of the ship is 160000 m², find the area of the deck of the
model.
(iii) If the volume of the model is 200 litres, find the volume of the ship in m³.
(100 litres = m³)
Solution:
Scale = 1 : 200
(i) Length of a model of ship = 4 m