Piping Fittings of Wrought Carbon Steel and Alloy Steel For Low-Temperature Service
Piping Fittings of Wrought Carbon Steel and Alloy Steel For Low-Temperature Service
Piping Fittings of Wrought Carbon Steel and Alloy Steel For Low-Temperature Service
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A420/A420M – 10
5. Material 6.5 Stubends may be produced with the entire lap added by
5.1 The material for fittings shall consist of forgings, bars, the welding of a ring, made from plate or bar of the same alloy
plates, seamless or fusion welded tubular products with filler grade and composition, to the outside of a straight section of
metal added. It shall conform to the chemical requirements in pipe, provided the weld is double welded, is a full penetration
Table 1, and be made by one of the following processes: joint, satisfies the requirements of 6.2 for qualifications and
open-hearth, basic-oxygen, or electric-furnace. The steels shall radiography and 7.1 for post weld heat treatment.
be made using recognized melting practices necessary to 7. Heat Treatment
produce steels that shall meet the impact requirements of this
specification. 7.1 All fittings shall be furnished in the normalized, normal-
ized and tempered, annealed, or quenched and tempered
condition. All welding shall be completed prior to the austen-
6. Manufacture
itizing heat treatment.
6.1 Forging or forming operations shall be performed by 7.2 The full thickness of the material from which impact test
hammering, pressing, piercing, extruding, upsetting, working, specimens are to be obtained shall be heat treated with a
bending, fusion-welding, or machining, or by a combination of furnace charge as specified in 10.4.2 or 10.4.3.
two or more of these operations. The forming procedure shall 7.3 After forming, the fittings shall be allowed to cool below
be so applied that it will not produce injurious defects in the the lower critical before applying one of the heat treatments
fittings. listed in 7.1.
6.2 All welds, including welds in tubular products from 7.4 When the fittings are to be post-weld heat treated after
which fittings are made, shall be (1) made by welders, welding being welded by the purchaser and when so specified in the
operators and welding procedures qualified under the provi- order, the test specimens shall be subjected to the same
sions of ASME Section IX, (2) heat treated in accordance with post-weld heat treatment. The purchaser shall use the post-
Section 7 of this specification, and (3) nondestructively exam- weld heat treatment shown in Table 2, unless otherwise
ined throughout the entire length of each weld in accordance specified in the order.
with Section 14 of this specification. The radiography of welds
shall be done either prior to or after forming at option of 8. Chemical Composition
manufacturer. Personnel performing NDE examinations shall 8.1 The steel shall conform to requirements of chemical
be qualified in accordance with SNT-TC-1A. composition for the respective material prescribed in Table 1.
6.3 The welded joints of the fittings shall be finished in 8.2 The steel shall not contain any unspecified elements for
accordance with the requirements of Paragraph UW-35 (a) of the ordered grade to the extent that it then conforms to the
Section VIII, Division 1 of ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel requirements of another grade for which that element is a
Code. specified element having a required minimum content.
6.4 All butt-weld tees manufactured by cold-forming meth- 8.3 The chemical composition of weld metal is not required
ods shall be liquid penetrant or magnetic particle examined by to meet the same limits of the base materials however, the
one of the methods specified in Supplementary Requirement composition of the weld deposit shall be such that it meets the
S52 or S53 of Specification A960/A960M. This examination minimum mechanical and impact requirements of this specifi-
shall be performed after final heat treatment by NDE personnel cation. In general, the alloy content shall be similar to that of
qualified under the provisions of SNT-TC-1A. Only the side- the base metal but shall not exceed 6 % except in the case of
wall areas of the tee need be examined. This area is defined by fittings of 9 % nickel steel.
a circle that covers the area from the weld bevel of the branch 8.4 A product analysis is optional.
outlet to the centerline of the body or run. Internal and external
surfaces shall be examined when size permits accessibility. 9. Tensile Properties
After the removal of any cracks, the tees shall be re-examined 9.1 The tensile properties of the fittings material shall
by the original method. Acceptable tees shall be marked with conform to the requirements for the applicable grade of
the symbol PT or MT, as applicable, to indicate compliance. material as listed in Table 3.
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A420/A420M – 10
TABLE 2 Post-Weld Heat Treatment insufficient thickness, in which case the largest obtainable
standard subsize impact specimens shall be used. When the
Grade Metal Temperature Minimum Holding Time
size or shape of the finished fittings is insufficient to permit
°F °C obtaining the smallest standard subsize impact specimens, an
WPL6 1100–1200 595–650 1 h/in. [25 mm] 3⁄4 h min impact test by the fitting manufacturer will not be required. The
WPL3 1100–1150 540–620 ⁄ h/in. [25 mm] 1 h min
14
WPL8 1050–1100 565–595 1⁄2 h/in. [25 mm] 1 h min material from which the specimens are taken shall be heat
WPL9A 1025–1085 550–585 1 h/in. [25 mm] 2 h min treated with a furnace charge in accordance with 10.4.2 or
A
2 in. [51 mm] thickness and over. The cooling rate shall not be less than 300 10.4.3. Impact tests shall be made from either the raw material
°F [150 °C] per hour down to a temperature of 600 °F [315 °C]. from which the fittings are made or from a finished fitting at the
option of the manufacturer.
10.3.2 Test specimens shall be obtained so that the longitu-
9.2 At least one tension test shall be made on each heat of dinal axis of the specimen is parallel to the longitudinal axis of
material and in the same condition of heat treatment as the the fitting while the axis of the “V” shall be perpendicular to
finished fittings it represents provided that the wall thickness of the surface. On wall thickness over 1 in. [25 mm] the
the fitting and the representative sample thickness do not vary specimens shall be obtained with their longitudinal axis located
more than 1⁄4 in. [6 mm]. At least one tension test per heat of 1⁄2 in. [13 mm] from the outer surface.
weld metal shall be made after heat treatment in the same 10.3.3 When testing welds, the notch of the specimen shall
manner as the base metal. Results need not be reported unless be in the welded joint and, where the diameter and wall
Supplementary Requirement S51 of Specification A960/ thickness permit, the longitudinal axis of the specimen shall be
A960M is specified. transverse to the longitudinal axis of the weld. The axis of the
9.3 Records of the tension tests shall be certification that the notch shall be perpendicular to the surface.
material of the fitting meets the tensile requirements of this
10.4 Number of Tests:
specification.
10.4.1 A notched-bar impact test, consisting of breaking
10. Impact Test Properties three specimens shall be made. Each test shall represent only
such fittings from a heat that do not vary from the thickness of
10.1 Properties: the material from which the test specimens are taken by more
10.1.1 The notched bar impact properties of the base metal than 1⁄4 in. [6 mm].
and weld metal shall conform to the requirements of Table 4 or 10.4.2 When heat treatment is performed in furnaces not
Table 5 for the applicable grade of material. equipped with calibrated recording pyrometers, one impact test
10.1.2 Retest—When the average value of the three speci- shall be made for each heat in each heat-treatment load. Test
mens equals or exceeds the minimum value permitted for a specimens shall be included with each furnace charge. If this
single specimen and the value for more than one specimen is heat treatment is conducted in continuous-type furnaces not
below the required average value, or when the value for one equipped with calibrated recording pyrometers, then one test
specimen is below the minimum value permitted for a single per heat shall be conducted for each 5000 lb or 2550 kg (or
specimen, a retest of three additional specimens shall be made. less) of product.
The value for each of these retest specimens shall equal or
10.4.3 When heat treatment is performed in furnaces con-
exceed the required average value. When an erratic result is
trolled within a 50 °F [28 °C] range and equipped with
caused by a defective specimen, or there is uncertainty in test
calibrated recording pyrometers so that records of heat treat-
procedure, a retest shall be allowed.
ment are available, then one impact test from each heat is
10.2 Procedures:
required, provided that all other heat treatments are conducted
10.2.1 All material furnished under this specification shall
at the same temperatures and within the same 50 °F [28 °C]
be tested for impact resistance at the temperature for the
range as the furnace charge that contained the test specimens.
respective grade in Table 6. Exceptions to these requirements
10.4.4 On fittings of welded construction, additional impact
are permissible when agreed upon between the purchaser and
tests of the same number as required in 10.4.1 or 10.4.2 shall
producer and specified in the order, in that the impact test is
be made to test the weld metal.
acceptable when made at temperatures different from those
10.4.5 Specimens showing defects while being machined or
shown in Table 6, provided the test temperature is at least as
prior to testing shall be discarded, and replacements shall be
low as the intended service temperature, and fittings are
considered as original specimens.
suitably marked in accordance with Section 18 to identify the
reported test temperature. 10.5 Retreatment:
10.2.2 The notched-bar impact test shall be made in accor- 10.5.1 If the results of impact tests conducted in accordance
dance with the procedure for the simple-beam, Charpy-type with 10.4.2 and 10.4.3 fail to conform to the test requirements
test of Test Methods and Definitions A370. Each impact test specified in 10.1, that group of fittings shall be retreated and
shall consist of breaking three specimens. submitted for test. No group of fittings shall be retreated more
10.3 Specimens: than twice.
10.3.1 Notched-bar impact specimens shall be simple-beam,
Charpy-type A with a V-notch in accordance with Test Methods 11. Hydrostatic Tests
and Definitions A370. Standard specimens 10 by 10 mm in 11.1 Hydrostatic testing of fittings is not required by this
cross section shall be used unless the material to be tested is of specification.
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A420/A420M – 10
TABLE 3 Tensile Requirements
NOTE 1—Where an ellipsis (. . .) appears in this table, there is no requirement.
Grade
Requirement
WPL6 WPL9 WPL3 WPL8
Tensile strength, min ksi [MPa] 60 [415] − 95 [655] 63 [435] − 88 [610] 65 [450] − 90 [620] 100 [690] − 125 [865]
Yield strength, min ksi [MPa] 35 [240] 46 [315] 35 [240] 75 [515]
Grades
Elongation Requirements
WPL6 WPL9 WPL3 WPL8
Longi- Trans- Longi- Trans- Longi- Trans- Longi- Trans-
tudinal verse tudinal verse tudinal verse tudinal verse
Standard round specimen, or small proportional speci- 22 12 20 ... 22 14 16 ...
men, min % in 4 D
Rectangular specimen for wall thickness 5⁄16 in. [7.94 30 16.5 28 18 30 20 22 ...
mm] and over, and for all small sizes tested in full
section; min % in 2 in. or 50 mm
A A A A A A A
Rectangular specimen for wall thickness less than ...
5⁄16 in [7.94 mm]; min % in 2 in. or 50 mm (1⁄2-in.
Note—The preceding table gives the computed minimum elongation value for each 1⁄32 in. [0.79 mm] decrease in wall thickness. Where the wall thickness lies between
two values above, the minimum elongation value is determined by the following equations:
where:
E = elongation in 2 in. or 50 mm, %, and
t = actual thickness of specimen, in.
TABLE 4 Charpy Impact Requirements for WPL6, WPL9, and TABLE 5 Charpy Impact Requirements for WPL8
WPL3A Charpy V-Notch Impact Minimum Charpy V-Notch
Size of Specimen, Charpy V-Notch Impact Minimum Charpy V-Notch Size of Specimen, Value Required for Impact Value Without
mm Value Required for Impact Value Without mm Acceptance (Average of Requiring Retest (One
Acceptance (Average of Requiring Retest (One Specimens) Specimen Only of a Set)
Three Specimens) Specimen Only of a Set)
ft·lbf J ft·lbf J
ft·lbf J ft·lbf J
10 by 10.0 25.0 33.9 20.0 27.1
10 by 10.0 13 17.6 10 13.6 10 by 7.5 21.0 28.5 17.0 23.1
10 by 7.5 10 13.6 8 10.8 10 by 5.0 17.0 23.1 14.0 19.0
10 by 5.0 7 9.5 5 7.0 10 by 2.5 8.0 10.8 6.0 8.1
10 by 2.5 4 5.4 3 4.1
A
Straight-line interpolation for intermediate values is permitted.
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A420/A420M – 10
TABLE 6 Impact Test Temperature 15. Inspection
Grade Impact Test Temperature, 15.1 All tests and inspections shall be made at the place of
°F [°C]
manufacture, unless otherwise agreed to.
WPL6 −50 [−45]
WPL9 −100 [−75]
15.2 Other tests, when required by agreement shall be made
WPL3 −150 [−100] from materials of the lots covered in the order.
WPL8 −320 [−195]
16. Rejection and Rehearing
16.1 Material that fails to conform to the requirements of
the latest revision of ASME B 16.9 or MSS SP-95. Steel this specification shall be rejected. Rejection should be re-
socket-welding and threaded fittings purchased in accordance ported to the producer or supplier promptly and in writing. In
with this specification shall conform to the sizes, shapes, case of dissatisfaction with the results of the test, the producer
dimensions, and tolerances specified in the latest revision of or supplier shall make claim for a rehearing.
ASME B 16.11, MSS SP-79, or MSS SP-83. Swage(d) 16.2 Fittings that develop defects in shop working or
Nipples, Bull Plugs, and Integrally Reinforced Forged Branch application operations shall be rejected. Upon rejection, the
Outlet Fittings purchased in accordance with this specification manufacturer shall be notified promptly in writing.
shall conform to the sizes, shapes, dimensions, and tolerances
17. Certification
specified in the latest revision of MSS SP-95 or MSS SP-97.
12.2 Fittings of size or shape differing from these standards, 17.1 Test reports are required for all fittings covered by this
but meeting all other requirements of the specification, shall be specification. Each test report shall include the following
furnished in accordance with Supplementary Requirement S58 information:
of Specification A960/A960M only by agreement with the 17.1.1 Chemical analysis results, Section 8 (Table 1),
purchaser. 17.1.2 Tensile property results, Section 9 (Table 3) report
yield strength and ultimate strength in ksi [MPa] and elonga-
13. Surface Quality tion in percent,
13.1 See Specification A960/A960M. 17.1.3 Impact test results, Section 10 (Table 4 and Table 5),
13.2 Repair by Welding (Base Metal): 17.1.4 Type heat treatment, Section 7,
13.2.1 Repair welding, by the manufacturer, is permissible 17.1.5 Radiographic examination statement, Section 14,
for parts made to dimensional standards such as those of 17.1.6 Any supplemental testing required by the purchase
ASME or equivalent standards. order, and
13.2.2 Prior approval of the purchaser shall be required to 17.1.7 Statement that the fitting was manufactured,
weld repair special parts made to the purchaser’s dimensional sampled, tested, and inspected in accordance with the specifi-
requirements. cation and was found to meet the requirements.
13.2.3 Welding shall be accomplished with a weld proce- 17.2 Certification shall state whether welds have been
dure designed to produce low hydrogen in the weldment. Short examined radiographically or ultrasonically.
circuit gas metal arc welding is permissible only with the 17.3 Letters of compliance and test results shall state the
approval of the purchaser. specification number, year of issue, revision letter (if any),
13.2.4 The weld repair shall be permanently identified with grade and class of the fittings.
the welder’s stamp or symbol in accordance with Section IX of
18. Product Marking
the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code.
13.2.5 After weld repair, material shall be heat treated in 18.1 All fittings shall have the prescribed information
accordance with 7.1. marked on each fitting in accordance with MSS SP-25, latest
13.2.6 Tension and impact testing of representative depos- revision.
ited weld metal for each heat shall meet the requirements of 9.2 18.1.1 Fittings shall be marked by any method which will
and 10.1. permanently identify the fittings and not result in sharp
discontinuities. Stamping, when used, shall be done with
14. Radiographic Examination blunt-nosed continuous or blunt-nosed interrupted dot stamps.
14.1 All fusion-welded butt joints shall be radiographically 18.1.2 When agreed upon between the purchaser and pro-
examined throughout the entire length in accordance with ducer, and specified in the order, the markings shall be painted
Paragraph UW-51 of Section VIII, Division 1, of the ASME or stenciled on the fitting or stamped on a metal or plastic tag
Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. Instead of radiographic which shall be securely attached to the fitting.
examination, welds made by the manufacturer may be ultra- 18.2 The prescribed information for butt-welding fittings
sonically examined in accordance with Appendix 12 of Section shall be: the manufacturer’s name or trademark (see Note 1),
VIII, Division 1, of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel material designation or grade, schedule number or nominal
Code. In general, radiography or ultrasonic examination shall wall thickness designation, and the heat number or manufac-
be performed after all forming operations have been com- turer’s heat identification. Fittings containing welds that have
pleted. Fittings made from fusion-welded pipe need not be been ultrasonically examined instead of radiography shall be
radiographed if the pipe has been radiographed, provided the marked U after heat identity.
fitting forming process does not materially affect the weld. NOTE 1—For purposes of identification marking, the manufacturer is
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A420/A420M – 10
considered the organization that certifies the piping component complies supplemental identification method. The purchaser may
with this specification. specify in the order a specific bar coding system to be used.
18.3 The prescribed information for threaded or socket The bar coding system, if applied at the discretion of the
welding fittings shall be: the manufacturer’s name or trade- supplier, should be consistent with one of the published
mark, material designation or grade, pressure class or schedule industry standards for bar coding. If used on small fittings, the
number, and size. bar code may be applied to the box or a substantially applied
18.4 When size does not permit complete marking, identi- tag.
fication marks shall be omitted in the reverse order of those
listed above and in accordance with MSS SP-25. 19. Keywords
18.5 The impact test temperature shall also be shown if it is
different from the standard test temperature specified in Table 19.1 pipe fittings; piping applications; pressure containing
6, for example: WPL-6-60 or WPL3-176. parts; pressure vessel service; temperature service applications,
18.6 Bar Coding—In addition to the requirements in 18.1, low
18.2, 18.3, 18.4, and 18.5, bar coding is acceptable as a
SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS
SUMMARY OF CHANGES
Committee A01 has identified the location of selected changes to this specification since the last issue,
A420/A420M–07, that may impact the use of this specification. (Approved May 1, 2010)
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