2MB Mux PDF

2MBPS PRIMARY DIGITAL MULTIPLEXING
EQUIPMENT (PUNCOM)
1. Introduction
Digital communication is central nervous system of

modern telecommunication. No other technology has had
such a worldwide impact of putting people in touch
around the world through voice, video, data etc.
Fundamentally a digital message is nothing more than an
ordered sequence of symbols provided by a discrete
information source.
Most of the future expansions of telecommunication

network are being planned around digital telephone
exchanges linked with digital transmission system.
Digital transmission system generally give superior
performance over analog system as well as provide an
ideal channel for data communication and compatibility
with digital computing techniques.
The equipment used for multiplexing and de-

multiplexing of digital signals can be defined as digital
multiplexer equipment.
This handbook covers brief description of Pulse Code

Modulation, Installation, Maintenance and trouble
shooting of Primary Digital Multiplexing Equipment
according to RDSO’s Specification No.TC: 68/2004.
CAMTECH/S/2005/MUX-PCL/1.0 2
1.1 Pulse Code Modulation (PCM)

Primary Digital Multiplexer works on Pulse Code
Modulation principles. Therefore it is beneficial to
explain the PCM system in brief.
Pulse Code Modulation is adopted for digital
multiplexing of channels. Analog signals are converted
in to a digital signal and such output in a form of a
number of channels are multiplexed by Time Division
Multiplexing to form a digital base band.
Following stages are involved in Pulse Code
Modulation:
Filtering
The incoming analog VF signal is band limited to 300

Hz to 3400 Hz by a low pass filter.
Sampling
The band-limited signal is sliced at regular intervals of

time to generate pulses of the continuous analog wave.
The sampling theorem stipulates a minimum number of

samples. According to Nyquest theorem the sampling
rate should be equal to or higher than the double of the
highest signal frequency present in the band limited
analog signal i.e. fs > 2f max.
To allow a margin for filter performances the band

limited frequency can be taken as 4 KHz. Thus the
sampling frequency will be 8 KHz. Hence the time
period of sampling would be equal to 1/8000 second
Primary Digital MUX (PUNCOM) March 2005

(i.e.125 microseconds). When a number of channels are

to be sampled, all the channels are sampled sequentially
on time division basis. If N channels are to be sampled
then the time available for sampling one channel is equal
to 125/N microseconds. Samples of various channels are
transmitted in sequence on the common transmission
path.
Quantising
The process of sampling generates PAM (Pulse

Amplitude Modulation) signals. To convert the PAM
signal in to Pulse Code Modulation signal, the discrete
amplitude levels of the samples are first quantified with
reference to a standard amplitude scale. This process is
called quantisation. The practical PCM systems use 8-bit
code with 28 = 256 levels (128 levels each in the positive
and negative swing). In this the signal to noise ratio for
weaker signals will be poorer when compared with
stronger signals. Hence this causes equal “Quantising
error” for all channels.
Encoding
Conversion of analog samples into a binary signal is

called ‘encoding’. To represent 256 steps an 8-bit code
is used.
1.2 30 Channel PCM System
Multiplexing of 30 channel PCM system consist of the

Frame and Multiframe stages.

Frame
The duration of a frame is 125 microseconds. This frame

has 32 time slots TS 0 to TS 31. Two additional time
slots are inserted. One for signalling information (TS 16)
and the other (TS 0) for synchronization information.
Time slots TS 1 to TS 15 and TS 17 to TS 31 are for 30
speech channels.
Multiframe
It consists of 16 frames. Signalling information for two

channels are inserted in TS 16 of each frame. The
additional frame is used to carry the MFAW (Multiframe
Alignment Word). The duration of multiframe is 2
milliseconds.
Line Coding
The binary signal with its DC component is unsuitable

for its transmission on transformer and AC coupled
transmission lines. Hence the binary code is modified to
suit the characteristics of the line. One popular code
called HDB 3 (High Density Bipolar) is employed.
Bit Rate
Total numbers of bits/frame = 32 X 8 = 256

No. of frames/sec. = 8000
Total Number of bits/sec. = 8000 X 256
= 2,048,000
= 2048 K Bits
= 2.048 M Bits.

2 Description
In Indian Railways, digital multiplexers of various Firms
are being used which are working on same principal. In
this handbook we will describe a typical digital
multiplexer manufactured by M/s Punjab
Communication limited VMX-0100 based on RDSO
Specification No.TC 68/2004.
2.1 Primary Digital Multiplexer (VMX-0100)
The VMX-0100 is 2Mbps, 30 Channel E1, highly
flexible Add-Drop multiplexer that provides full range of
plain old telephone system (POTS) and digital data
services to subscribers located at different locations,
requiring to interconnect and establish a voice and data
network over an E1 link.
The VMX-0100 offers an excellent flexibility on the 19-
Inch Shelf & choice of transmission medium over which
it may be deployed. The transmission medium can be
either ordinary copper cable pairs or optical fibre cables
or wireless, for deploying voice and data services. .
The system supports a full range of voice interfaces with
user programmable speech output. These includes:
¾ 2 wire analog voice interface (FXO, FXS) for subscriber
dial-up applications.
¾ 2 wire and 4 wire E&M interface(s) for connecting large
PABX(s), or, for inter-connecting analog telephone
switches.
¾ 2 wire Loop Incoming & Loop Outgoing for connecting
large PABX(s), or, for inter-connecting analog telephone
switches.

¾ Configuring any two voice (FXS - FXS) channels to

provide Hotline facility.
The design of VMX-0100 is modular and most user
interfaces come with a modularity of four channels per
card.
2.2 Salient Features
Provides up to 40 Voice/Data ports with two E1 streams.
Provides variety of Voice & Data Interfaces.
Supports ISDN Digital Subscriber Line (IDSL).
Supports Nx64 synchronous Data, with Nmax=30.
Provision for 18 3/4 party conferencing, of which
maximum 8 conferences can be 4-party.
Fully programmable voice & data ports locally or
remotely through Network Management System.
Comprehensive test & diagnostics features.
Loop protection feature for increased Network
reliability.
Standard 19” Rack Mountable unit.
Powerful Network Management System for monitoring
and network control
Compliant with all relevant ITU-T (CCITT)
recommendations
Channel assignment independent of slot position in the
sub-rack.
Supports Software Download.
Optional redundant DC-DC Converter.

2.3 Applications
The VMX-0100 can be used in various voice, data or
mix applications. The application profile of VMX-0100
is shown in figures given below.
VMX-0100 NETWORK APPLICATION
Satellite
Media Types
VSAT Satellite dish Satellite dish Satellite dish Satellite dish
Radio Link
Optical Link
Copper Cable
Radio Tower Radio Tower Radio Tower Radio Tower
Optical Terminal Optical Terminal Optical Terminal

OPTIC FIBER OPTIC FIBER
Equipment Equipment Equipment
P1 P2 P1 P2
VMX-0100 VMX-0100 VMX-0100
12 40 12 40 12 40
VF/Data Ports
VF/Data Ports VF/Data Ports
(Drop/Insert Channels)
Figure 1
VMX-0100 APPLICATIONS
INTERNET
Higher
Order
V.2 Equiprmnt
4D
Low Speed Data a ta
Junction Lines
PSTN PCM1
Exchange
D a ta
VMX-0100
G .7 03
PCM2
e D a ta
tlin 64
Ho Nx COM1
Sub-rate Mux
e ed
Sp
H ig h Higher
s
ne
LAN Order
Li
Equiprmnt
IF
U
Hotline Local Control
Terminal
NMS
Host ISDN
Exchange
Figure 2
As a point to point multiplexer for voice and data

transmission on basic primary rate E1 trunk of 2.048
Mbps.
As a tail end primary multiplexer in a digital
transmission network.
As an Add-Drop Multiplexer on a 2.048 Mbps PCM
trunk.
As a subscriber Multiplexer for a 2.048 Mbps primary
rate user.

As a customer premises PCM Multiplexer for 2.048

Mbps E1 trunk user for multiplexing a variety of voice,
data and other traffic.
Supervisory Control & Data Acquisition application.
High-speed data ports for digital communication links
providing Leased Lines access to Internet Service
Provider (ISPs) with speeds ranging from 64Kbps upto
2048Kbps.
Micro-Cellular infrastructure applications for providing
cell-switch connectivity
Wide area networking
Internet Access over POTS lines.
3. Equipment Parts
VMX-0100 ADD/DROP MULTIPLEXER equipment
comprises a sub-rack to accommodate various plug-in
cards. The sub-rack is designed to fit in standard 19-inch
frame with fixing on the front panel. The temperature
limits to be observed for transport and storage are -5°C
to 60°C. The following table shows the equipment
components:
Equipment components Quantity
6U sub-rack 1
Power Supply Unit Card 2
TME Card 1
Loop Protection Card 1 ( Depends on user requirement)
Main Distribution Frame 1
Bay Top Panel 1
Heat-Vent 1
Line Cards Max-10 (Number of Line cards
depends on user requirement.

4. Installation
VMX-0100 is housed in a standard 6U sub-rack

conforming to DIN/19” Standard. The only fastening
and support points on these racks are situated on the
front panel of the frame, on perforated brackets. The
details of the sub-rack are given below.
Frame Height = 265mm
Width = 483mm
Depth = 260mm
4.1 Key Features
i) Made of aluminium extrusions. Side panels made
of aluminium sheet of thickness 2.5mm.
ii) Centre supporting extruded stiffener bar in 6U
sub-rack for supporting motherboard.
CONSTITUENT COLOUR
Frame White Alodined
Mounting Bracket Siemens’s Grey Powder Coated Semi
Gloss
Guide Rail Made of glass filled nylon (GFN) / Noril
FR Grade / Aluminium
Dimensions of Motherboard:
Width : 426.72mm
Height : 261.85mm
Thickness : 1.6mm

Dimensions of each card:
Depth : 220mm
Height : 233.35mm
Thickness : 1.6mm
4.2 Initial requirements and site considerations

There are initial requirements to be fulfilled before
system installation as system operation depends on them.
Proper Site selection is must for ease of system operation
and fulfillment of other requirements. The following
tasks must be completed in advance:
The rack where the equipment will be fixed must be
properly grouted on the floor of the equipment room.
The Main Distribution Frame (MDF) must be placed

properly.
The Bay Top Panel (BTP) must be placed at the top of
rack, as it is convenient to connect supply lines (from
runway) at the top of the rack.
Make sure that general condition of the equipment room
is not damp.
4.3 Tools requirement:
The following tools are required to install the equipment:
Medium size screwdriver (Star head, Plain head etc.),
Wire stripper, Cutter, Soldering Iron.

4.4. Power Supply Requirements
Voltage Supply
VMX-0100 is powered by a direct voltage supply. The

equipment is guaranteed to work properly with a voltage
supply that meets the following minimum technical
specifications:
Nominal Voltage: (-) 48V DC

Nominal Voltage field: (-) 36V DC to (-) 72V DC
4.5 Power Consumption:
The current consumption of equipment fully fitted at

nominal voltage of –48V is 60W (typically).
4.6 Connections
Ground Provision
The frame of VMX-0100 equipment must be connected

to one of 2 ground strips that run down from rack’s top
to bottom. The wire used to connect equipment to
ground strip must be at least 18 gauge wire. It is
recommended that the ground screw on the system rear
panel be used to ground the system directly to the
equipment rack ground bus.
Inter-connections
Following inter-connections must be ensured before

initial powering up of VMX-0100 equipment:

(i) Connect power cable from Bay Top Panel to equipment

using 4-Pin Power connectors provided on the rear panel
(The mating plugs are pre installed on rear panel). The
power input terminal is located on the right hand side of
rear panel.
(ii) Connect alarm cable from Bay Top Panel to equipment
using 6-Pin Wafer connectors provided on the rear panel.
(iii) Connect VF cables from Main Distribution Frame
(MDF) to equipment using Dual 2 X 7 Round cable
connector. The cables should be connected to
corresponding slots on the MDF and equipment (Slot
numbers are also written on VMX as well as MDF for
identification purposes).
5. Card Installation
Various cards are installed before powering up VMX-
0100 equipment. Initially, specific cards are installed in
some slots. These cards are required for system power-
up and are inserted in slots as shown below:
Card type Slot no.

Power Supply Card 1
Power Supply Card 2
TME 3
Line cards are installed, as per requirements and

maximum no of line cards that can be installed in VMX-
0100 are 10.

5.1 Power Supply Card
(i) Front Panel Front panel is shown in figure below:
PWR
O/P FAIL
OFF
ON
- 48V
- 48V RET
+ 5V
GND
+ 12V
- 12V
PSU

The following table describes the front panel:

ITEM DESCRIPTION
ON/OFF SWITCH Turns the power ON/OFF. UP Position

OFF, Down position ON.
Power Green LED glows when –48V input is
present.
Output Fail LED Red LED lights when any of the output
voltages i.e. +5V, +12V or –12V fail.
Monitoring points Monitoring points for input -48V, -48V
return, +5V, Ground, +12V & -12V
Monitoring points are un-protected. Thus monitored carefully
(ii) Header Settings : There are no user installable headers

in the Power Supply Card
(iii) Fuses : The Power Supply Card includes one fuse,
which is located near the Euro connector J1.
(iv) Installation : Set the ON/OFF Switch on the card to
OFF position. Insert the card in slot no. 1 or 2 & lock it
in position in the enclosure with the help of ejectors.
Make sure that ON/OFF switch on the Power Supply
Card is in OFF position, before inserting/removing the
card in slot. Also make sure that power switch on the
PDP for the corresponding system is set to off for
removing/inserting the power supply card.
Inserting/removing the card in ON condition may
damage the power supply connectors.

5.2 TME Card

(i) Front Panel The front panel is shown in figure below:
HEALTH LED HEALTH
P1 LOCAL ALARM LED P1 LCL
P1 RMT
P1 REMOTE ALARM LED
P2 REMOTE ALARM LED P2 RMT
CLOCK ALARM LED CLOCK
TEST MODE LED TEST
NMS POLL TX LED TD NMS
NMS POLL RX LED RD NMS
NMS ETHERNET CONNECTOR
NMS
NMT RS-232 CONNECTOR NMT
NMS
NMS RS-232 CONNECTOR
2MB

LED
Item LED Function
Status
HEALTH Blinking Card is working OK.
(Green/Red)
Red ON Card hardware has gone
faulty.
P1 LCL ON PCM1 Loss of Signal
Fast Blinking PCM1 Frame Sync. Loss
Fast Blinking PCM1 Multiframe Sync. Loss
Fast Blinking PCM1 CRC Frame Sync.
Loss
Slow Blinking PCM1 error rate > E103
P2 LCL ON PCM2 Loss of Signal
Fast Blinking PCM2 CRC Frame Sync.
Slow Blinking Loss
PCM2 error rate > E106
P1 RMT ON PCM1 Receive AIS (All 1s)
Slow Blinking PCM1 Receive Remote FSL
Slow Blinking PCM1 Receive Remote
Slow Blinking MFSL
PCM1 Receive AIS in TS16
P2 RMT ON PCM2 Receive AIS (All 1s)
Slow Blinking PCM2 Receive Remote
Slow Blinking MFSL
PCM2 Receive AIS in TS16
CLOCK Blinking Slips
ON Selected Clock Fail

LED
Item LED Function
Status
TEST Card in diagnostics or Loop
ON
back Mode
TD NMS Blinking NMS Polls Transmitted
RD NMS Blinking NMS Polls Received
NMS RJ-45 Connector for connection to NMS on LAN.
Ethernet
Connector
NMT DB9 female, for connection to NMT This port is
Connector configured as DCE.
NMS RS-232 DB9 female, for connection to PC-Based NMS,
Connector This port is configured as DCE.
ii) Header Settings
There are only five user selectable headers, rest all the
headers are factory set. The settings of factory set headers
should not be changed otherwise equipment may
malfunction. The function of these headers is tabulated
below:
(a) User Settable Headers
S.No. Header Position Remarks

Name
1. H1 1-2 for 75Ω PCM1 Output impedance
2-3 for 120Ω selection. Default 120Ω.
2. H4 1-2 for 75Ω PCM1 Input impedance
3. H5 1-2 for 75Ω PCM2 Output impedance
4. H9 1-2 for 75Ω PCM2 Input impedance

Name
5. H2 & H3 1-2 PCM1 Output Connected
2-3 PCM1 Output
Disconnected
6. H6 & H8 1-2 PCM2 Output Connected
2-3 PCM2 Output
Disconnected
7. H22 1-2 for 120Ω External clock impedance
(b) Factory Set Headers
S. Header Position Remarks

No Name
1. H16 1-2 Watchdog strobe selection
2. H7 1-2 TDM-FE2 Default setting is TDM4
2-3 TDM4
3. H10 1-2 TDM-FE2 Default setting is TDM4
2-3 TDM4
4. H19 1-2 RS-485 Port Mode
5. H20 1-2 RS-485 Port Mode
6. H24 Short Gain selection for clock
7. H25 C16 Default setting is C8
2-3 C8
8. H26, H27 Open Unused
9. 1 H11,H12,H1 Open Testing
. 4, H15, H17,
H19, H20,
H21 & H23

(iii) Terminations
(a) NMT DB9 Connector Details
PIN NO. SIGNAL NAME SOURCE

1. CD NMT
2. RxD NMT
3. TxD VMX-0100
4. DTR VMX-0100
5. GND COMMON
6. DSR NMT
7. RTS VMX-0100
8. CTS NMT
9. RI VMX-0100
(b) NMS DB9 Connector Details
PIN NO. SIGNAL NAME SOURCE

1. NC -
2. RxD NMT
3. TxD VMX-0100
4. NC -
5. GND VMX-0100
6. NC -
7. NC -
8. NC -
9. NC -

(c) Termination Signal Details

When installed in designated slot (slot No 2), the
terminations are available on the various connectors
available on the rear of the motherboard. The signal
detail of these connectors is as under:
Connector Designation : J3
Connector Type : 64-pin Euro male
PIN A C PIN
1. --- --- 1.
2. PCM1 IN (A) PCM1 OUT (A) 2.
3. GND GND 3.
4. PCM1 IN (B) PCM1 OUT (B) 4.
5. GND GND 5.
7. GND GND 7.
9. --- --- 9.
10. EXT. CLOCK IN (A) EXT. CLOCK OUT (A) 10.
11. GND GND 11.
12. EXT. CLOCK IN (B) EXT. CLOCK OUT (B) 12.
All other pins should not be used.
Connector Name : Alarm Extension
Connector Type : DB 9F
PIN Signal PIN Signal
1. -48V IN 6. MIN_NC
2. MJR_NC 7. MIN_C
3. MJR_C 8. MIN_NO
4. MJR_NO 9. GND
5. GND
Connector Designation : J32,J33

Connector Name : NMS
Connector Type : DB 15 F

1. GND 9. NMS_TXB
2. NMS_TXA 10. NMS_RXB
3. NMS_RXA 11. ---
4. --- 12. PP5V
5. --- 13. ---
6. --- 14. ---
7. GND 15. ---
8. ---
Connector Designation : J31 , J43

Connector Name : Power Input
Connector Type : 4-pin Male

1. -48V IN 3. -48V_RET
2. -48V IN 4. -48V_RET

Connector Name : -48V Input (SPEECH)
Connector Type : 4-pin Male

1. -48V IN 3. -48V_RET
2. -48V IN 4. -48V_RET


Connector Name : External Clock IN
Connector Type : BNC

1. EXTC_IN_A 2. EXTC_IN_B

Connector Name : 2Mb Clock Out
Connector Type : BNC

1. CLKOUT_A 2. CLKOUT_B
(iv) Installation
Switch off the Power Supply, if ON.

Set the headers for 75 Ω or 120 Ω terminations as per the
installation plan.
Insert TME Card in Slot No. 3 & lock it with the help of
ejectors.
If PDP switch for this system is ON, then immediately
Major Alarm will come ON and buzzer will sound.
Press ACO switch to cut Audio Alarm. ACO indicator
should glow in this case.
If no audio alarm is generated check ON/OFF switch on
PDP & wiring Alarm Extension Connector.
5.3 LPC Card
(i) Front Panel
The front panel of LPC Card is shown in figure below:

HEALTH LED HEALTH
EAST OPERATED LED E FAIL

WEST OPERATED LED W FAIL
LPC

LED
Item LED Function
Status
Green ON Card is working OK.
HEALTH
Red ON Card hardware has gone faulty.
E Fails ON East link connected to PCM1 is fail
W Fails ON West link connected to PCM1 is fail
(ii) Header Settings
There is no user settable header in this card. All the

headers are factory set. The settings of these headers
below:
Factory Set Headers

1. H1 1-2 Watchdog strobe selection.
2. H2 --- System resetting.
3. H3-6 --- For future use.
4. H7 1-2 IP control.
5. H8 Short Grounds shorting.
(iii) Termination Signal Details
When installed in designated slot (slot No 4), the

terminations are available on the various connectors
available on the rear of the motherboard. The signal
detail of these connectors is as under :

PIN A C PIN
1. --- --- 1.
3. GND GND 3.
5. GND GND 5.
7. GND GND 7.
9. --- --- 9.
11. GND GND 11.
13. GND GND 13.
15. GND GND 15.
17. --- --- 17.
19. GND GND 19.
21. GND GND 21.
23. GND GND 23.
25. --- --- 25.
All other pins are not connected.

(iv) Installation
Switch off the Power Supply, if ON.
Ensure that TME card is already inserted in its
designated slot.
Insert LPC Card in Slot No. 4 & lock it with the help
of ejectors.
The health LED will glow green when system is
switched ON.
5.4 E&M Card
(i) Front Panel
The front panel of E&M Card is shown in figure below:
HEALTH LED
TEST MODE CH#1 LED

TEST MODE CH#2 LED
TEST MODE CH#3 LED
TEST MODE CH#4 LED
E&M

LED
Item LED Function
Status
Health
Blinking Card’s hardware is OK but it is not
configured by main 2MB card.
Test1 ON Channel 1 is in test & diagnostics mode
There are no user selectable headers; all the headers are

factory set. The settings of factory set headers should not
be changed otherwise equipment may malfunction. The
function of these headers is tabulated below:
Factory Set Headers
S.No Header Position Remarks

Name
1. H1 Short SPROM program enable/disable
3. H3 1-2 System resetting.
4. H4,6,8,10 open For future use.
6. H14 1-2 Programming supply selection

(iii) Signalling Codes
(a) The signalling codes transmitted for various M lead

conditions are as given below:-
Signalling State Transmitted Bits

ar br cr dr
M Lead Open 1 0 0 1
M Lead Gnd 0 0 0 1
(b) The received signalling codes are interpreted in the

following way.
Signalling State Received Bits

ab bb cb db
Open on E Lead 1 x X x
Gnd on E Lead 0 x X x
(iv) Termination Signal Details
When installed in designated slot, the terminations are

available on the various connectors available on the rear
of the motherboard. The signal detail of these connectors
is as under:
Connector Designation : J7,9,11,13,15,17,19,21,23,39

PIN A B C PIN
1. --- --- --- 1.
2W/4W RX1 A
2. NC 2W/4W RX1 B (OUT) 2.
(OUT)

PIN A B C PIN
3. 4W TX1 A (IN) NC 4W TX1 B (IN) 3.
4. E1 NC M1 4.
2W/4W RX2 A
5. NC 2W/4W RX2 B (OUT) 5.
(OUT)
6. 4W TX2 A (IN) NC 4W TX2 B (IN) 6.
7. E2 NC M2 7.
8. NC NC NC 8.
9. --- --- --- 9.
2W/4W RX3 A
10. NC 2W/4W RX3 B (OUT) 10.
(OUT)
11. 4W TX3 A (IN) NC 4W TX3 B (IN) 11.
12. E3 NC M3 12.
2W/4W RX4 A
13. NC 2W/4W RX4 B (OUT) 13.
(OUT)
14. 4W TX4 A (IN) NC 4W TX4 B (IN) 14.
15. E4 NC M4 15.
16. NC NC NC 16.
All other pins are not connected
(v) Installation
Slide the card in required slot & lock in position with

the help of ejectors.
Configure the card and ports using either NMS or

NMT, if already not configured.
Route the ports, if already not routed.
5.5 FXO CARD
(i) Front Panel The front panel is shown in figure below:

HEALTH LED HEALTH
TEST MODE CH#1 LED TEST 1
FXO

LED
Item LED Function
Status
Health

Factory Set Headers

Name
1. H2 2-3 SPROM program enable/
disable
7. H12 open Power sequencing

When FXO Card is set in FXO mode, for remote

subscriber extension, the various signalling states and
codes are as given below:
(a) Call Originated by Subscriber

Signalling Status of Status of Transmitted Bits Received Bits
Condition Exchange Exchange
Port Interface
Card
a b c d a b c d
Idle Normal High 1 1 0 1 1 1 x x
potential Resistance
-ve on a Loop
limb
+ve on b
limb
Seizure -do- Low 1 1 0 1 0 1 x x
Resistance
Loop
Dialling -do- Loop 1 1 0 1 0 1 x x
Make
Break
Answer Reverse Low 0 1 0 1 0 1 x x
by called potential Resistance or
subscriber +ve on a Loop 1 1 0 1
limb
-ve on b
limb
(only in
case of
CCB/PBX
otherwise
Normal
potential)
Clear Reverse or High 0 1 0 1 1 1 x x
forward Normal Resistance or
potential Loop 1 1 0 1

(b) Call originated by exchange
Signalling Status of Status of Transmitted Bits Received Bits

Condition Exchange Exchange
Port Interface
Card
a B c d a b c d
Idle Normal High 1 1 0 1 1 1 x x
Potential Resistance
Loop
Ring Ringing High 1 1/ 0 1 1 1 x x
Voltage Resistance 0
75V rms Loop
Ring Trip Normal Low 1 1 0 1 0 1 x x
Potential Resistance
Loop

available on the 96-pin Euro-connector on the rear of the
motherboard. The signal detail of this connector is as
under :

PIN A B C PIN
1. --- --- --- 1.
2. TIP1 NC RING1 2.
3. NC NC NC 3.
4. NC NC NC 4.
5. TIP2 NC RING2 5.
6. NC NC NC 6.

PIN A B C PIN
7. NC NC NC 7.
8. NC NC NC 8.
9. --- --- --- 9.
10. TIP3 NC RING3 10.
11. NC NC NC 11.
12. NC NC NC 12.
14. NC NC NC 14.
15. NC NC NC 15.
16. NC NC NC 16.
(v) Installation


5.6 FXS Card
(i) Front Panel
The front panel of FXS Card is shown in figure

below:

HEALTH LED HEALTH

FXS

LED
Item LED Function
Status
Health

Factory Set Headers

No Name
1. H3 2-3 SPROM program enable/disable
7. H1 1-2 Ringer mode Selection for CH#1

The various signalling states and signalling codes for the

FXS Card are as given below :
a) Call Originated by Subscriber
Signalling Status of Status of Transmitted Received

Condition Subscriber Subscriber Bits Bits
Interface Card
a b c d a b cd
Idle High Normal potential 11 01 1 1x x

Resistance -ve on a limb
Loop +ve on b limb
Seizure Low - do - 01 01 1 1x x
Resistance
Loop
Dialling Loop Make - do - 0/ 1 0 1 1 1x x
Break 1
Answer Low Reverse potential 01 01 1 1x x
by called Resistance +ve on a limb or
subscriber Loop -ve on b limb 0 1x x
(only in case of
CCB/PBX
otherwise Normal
potential.
Clear High Reverse 11 01 01 x x
forward Resistance or or
Loop Normal potential 11 x x

(b) Call originated by exchange
Signalling Status of Status of Transmitted Received

Condition Subscriber Subscriber Bits Bits
Interface
Card
a b cd a bcd
Idle High Normal 1 1 01 11 x x

Resistance potential
Loop
Ring High Ringng 1 1 01 1 1/ x x
Resistance Voltage 75V 0
Loop rms
Ring Trip Low Normal 0 1 01 1 1 x x
Resistance potential
Loop

under :

PIN A B C PIN
1. --- --- --- 1.
2. TIP1 NC RING1 2.
3. NC NC NC 3.
4. NC NC NC 4.
5. TIP2 NC RING2 5.

6. NC NC NC 6.
7. NC NC NC 7.
8. NC NC NC 8.
9. --- --- --- 9.
11. NC NC NC 11.
12. NC NC NC 12.
14. NC NC NC 14.
15. NC NC NC 15.
16. NC NC NC 16.
(v) Installation


5.7 G703 Card
(i) Front Panel
The front panel of G703 Data Card is shown in figure

below:

HEALTH LED HEALTH
ALARM CH#1 LED ALM 1

G.703

LED
Item LED Function
Status
Health
Alm1 ON LOS or Bipolar Violation on CH#1.
Test1 ON Channel 1 is in test & diagnostics mode.

below:
Factory Set Headers
S.No Header Position Remarks

Name
2. H2 2-3 DCLK testing

5. H5 2-3 SPROM program enable/disable

6. H8,9,10 open For future use.
,11

under :

PIN A B C PIN
1. --- --- --- 1.
2. RX1_A (IN) NC RX1_B (IN) 2.
3. TX1_A (OUT) NC TX1_B (OUT) 3.
4. NC NC NC 4.
5. RX2_A (IN) NC RX2_B (IN) 5.
7. NC NC NC 7.
8. NC NC NC 8.
9. --- --- --- 9.
10. RX3_A (IN) NC RX3_B (IN) 10.
12. NC NC NC 12.
13. RX4_A (IN) NC RX4_B (IN) 13.
15. NC NC NC 15.
All other pins are unused

(iv) Installation


5.8 UDT Card
(i) Front Panel
The front panel of UDT Data Card is shown in figure

below:

HEALTH LED HEALTH
UDT

LED
Item LED Function
Status
Health
Alm1 ON LOS or excessive parity errors on CH#1.

below:
Factory Set Headers
S.No. Header Name Position Remarks

1. H2 2-3 DCLK testing
5. H5,8-10, 20-23 2-3 For future use.
6. H13, H14 2-3 Console/IP selection.


7. H15, H16 Open For future use.
8. H24 2-3 SPROM program
enable/disable
(iii) Signal Details
Various signals supported by the UDT card interfaces

are detailed below.
Signal Description Abbr. Dir. V.24 V.35 V.11 X.21

Data Ground
Signal Ground GND --- √ √ √ √
Transmit Data TD Å Unbal. Bal. Bal. Bal.

Receive Data RD Æ Unbal. Bal. Bal. Bal.
Request to Send RTS Å Unbal. Unbal Bal. Bal.

.
Unbal
Clear to Send CTS Æ Unbal. Bal. ---
.
Unbal
Data Set Ready DSR Æ Unbal. Bal. ---
.
Control
Unbal
Data Terminal Ready DTR Å Unbal. Unbal. ---
.
Unbal
Carrier Detect CD Æ Unbal. Bal. Bal.
.
Ring Indicator Unbal
RI Æ Unbal. Unbal.
.
Transmit Clock TC Æ Unbal. Bal. Bal. Bal.
Timing
Receive Clock RC Æ Unbal. Bal. Bal. Bal.

External Clock XTC Å Unbal. Bal. Bal. ---
Interface Signal Table


under:

PIN A B C PIN
1. --- --- --- 1.
2. TD1A RI1C TD1B 2.
3. RD1A CD1A RD1B 3.
4. TC1A CD1B TC1B 4.
5. RC1A RTS1A RC1B 5.
6. XTC1A RTSIB XTC1B 6.
7. DTR1A CTS1A GND 7.
8. DSR1A CTS1B DSR1B 8.
9. --- --- --- 9.
14. XTC2A RTS2B XTC2B 14.
17. --- --- --- 17.

PIN A B C PIN
25. --- --- --- 25.
(v) Installation

Local Port, if already not configured.
5.9 N64 CARD
(i) Front Panel
The front panel of N64 Data Card is shown in figure

below:

HEALTH LED HEALTH

N64

(i) The following table describes the front panel:
LED
Item LED Function
Status
HEAL Red ON Card hardware has gone faulty.
TH Blinking Card’s hardware is OK but it is not
Alm1 ON LOS on CH#1.
Alm2 ON LOS on CH#2.

below:
Factory Set Headers

Name
1. H5,H7 open For future use.
2. H6,H8 2-3 For future use.


under :

PIN A B C PIN
1. --- --- --- 1.
6. XTC1A RTSIB XTC1B 6.
9. --- --- --- 9.

(iv) Installation

5.10 UIF Card
(i) Front Panel The front panel of the Card is shown in fig
below.
HEALTH
ALARM CH#1 LED

TEST MODE CH#1 LED
ALARM CH#2 LED
TEST MODE CH#2 LED
UIF

LED
Item LED Function
Status
Health
Alm1 ON CH#1 Alarm.
Alm2 ON CH#2 Alarm.

below:
Factory Set Headers

No. Name
1. H1 2-3 SPROM Program Enable/Disable
5. H5-8 1-2 For future use.


under :
Connector Designation : J5,7,9,11,13,15,17,19,21,23,39

PIN A C PIN
1. --- --- 1.
2. TIP1 RING1 2.
3. NC NC 3.
4. NC NC 4.
5. TIP2 RING2 5.
6. NC NC 6.
7. NC NC 7.
8. NC NC 8.
9. --- --- 9.
10. NC NC 10.
11. NC NC 11.
12. NC NC 12.
13. NC NC 13.
14. NC NC 14.
15. NC NC 15.
16. NC NC 16.
17. --- --- 17.
18. NC NC 18.
19. NC NC 19.
20. NC NC 20.

PIN A C PIN
21. NC NC 21.
22. NC NC 22.
23. NC NC 23.
24. NC NC 24.
25. --- --- 25.
26. -96V -96V 26.
27. NC NC 27.
28. NC NC 28.
29. GND GND 29.
30. NC NC 30.
31. NC NC 31.
32. -96V GND -96V GND 32.
(iv) Installation

5.11 E1 Branching Module Card
(i) Front Panel
The front panel of E1 Branching module card is shown

in figure below:

HEALTH LED HEALTH
P1 RMT
P1 REMOTE ALARM LED
P2 REMOTE ALARM LED P2 RMT
CLOCK ALARM LED CLOCK
TEST MODE LED TEST
NMS POLL TX LED TD NMS
NMS POLL RX LED RD NMS
P1
P1 P2 MONITORING SOCKETS MON P1
P2
P2
FE1

LED
ITEM LED Function
Status
Green ON Card is configured.
Health
Blinking Card is deconfigured.
ON PCM1 Loss of Signal
P1 LCL
Fast Blinking PCM1 CRC Frame Sync. Loss
ON PCM2 Loss of Signal
P2 LCL
Fast Blinking PCM2 CRC Frame Sync. Loss
ON PCM1 Receive AIS (All 1s)
P1 RMT
Slow Blinking PCM1 Receive Remote MFSL
Slow Blinking PCM1 Receive AIS in TS16
ON PCM2 Receive AIS (All 1s)
P2 RMT
Slow Blinking PCM2 Receive Remote MFSL
Slow Blinking PCM2 Receive AIS in TS16
CLOCK Blinking Slips
Card in diagnostics or Loop back
TEST ON
Mode
TD
Blinking NMS Polls Transmitted
NMS
RD
Blinking NMS Polls Received
NMS

There are only four user selectable headers, rest all the
headers are factory set. The settings of factory set
headers should not be changed otherwise equipment may
below:
(a) User Settable Headers
Header
S.No. Position Remarks
Name
1-2 for 75Ω PCM1 Output impedance
1. H1
1-2 for 75Ω PCM1 Input impedance
2. H3
1-2 for 75Ω PCM2 Output impedance
3. H2
1-2 for 75Ω PCM2 Input impedance
4. H12
(b) Factory Set Headers

1. H4 1-2 Watchdog strobe selection
2. H5 2-3 System Resetting
3. H10 Open Interrupt Selection
RS485 Rx data
4. H6 Open
termination selection
RS485 Tx data
5. H8 Open
termination selection
6. H9 Open RS-485 Port Mode
7. H7 Open RS-485 Port Mode


8. H13 Open Testing
9. H16 1-2 IP Control selection
H14, H15, H17,
10. H18, H19, H20 Open For future use
(iii) Terminations
(a) Termination Signal Details

available on the connectors available on the rear of the
motherboard. The signal detail of these connectors is as
under:
Connector Type : 64-pin Euro female
PIN
A C PIN
1. --- --- 1.
3. GND GND 3.
5. GND GND 5.
7. GND GND 7.
26. TXA RXA 26.
27. TXB RXB 27.
All other pins are not connected.

Connector Designation : S1
Connector Name : PCM1 IN
Connector Type : Stream Monitoring Socket

1. P1_IN_A 2. P1_IN_B
Connector Name : PCM1 OUT

1. P1_OUT_A 2. P1_OUT_B
Connector Name : PCM2 IN

1. P2_IN_A 2. P2_IN_B
Connector Name : PCM2 OUT

1. P2_OUT_A 2. P2_OUT_B
(iv) Installation
Set the headers for 75 Ω or 120 Ω terminations as per

the installation plan.
Insert E1 Branching Module card in desired slot &
lock it with the help of ejectors.
Configure the card and streams using either NMS or

Route the desired port or streams as require
5.12. Initial Power up
Before powering-up the system, we must check the

following items:
Ensure that nominal voltage –48V is coming at the

Bay Top Panel terminals.
Ensure that all the cards are fully inserted and in their
respective slots.
Ensure that system is properly grounded through
ground strip or any other ground terminal.
Ensure that all connections are tight.
Following procedure may be followed for general powering up

of the system.
1. Insert the common cards viz. PSU & TME into the
respective slots and power up to the system. See the
normal functioning of the health LED on the 2MB Card.
Connect the NMT to the Port marked ‘NMT’ and get the
opening menu on the screen.
2. Insert the user Interface cards into desired slots (as

wired) and display hardware to see that the same has
been updated to show the enhanced configuration.
3. Finally insert the optional common cards (LPC), if
required and again check up the display.
4. Configure the PCM trunks using hardware set-up screens
for PCM trunks. Also configure the network clock as per

the desired priority. Now connect the PCM trunks and

watch the PCM trunk status on the NMT display as well
as from LEDs on TME Card.
5. Program now one Routing Table as per desired cross
connect plan and make it active.
6. Program all the VF and data interface ports to desired
settings.
7. Program the types of all alarms in the system as Major or
Minor or None using screen.
8. VMX-0100 is now full configured for user ports. Check
for correct flow of traffic between each of the user ports
and its destination on the network.
9. Program alternate Routing tables if required and also the
power on Routing Table as desired.
10. Set up and program the omni bus Conferencing channels.
Configure the local E & M VF Conferencing ports.
Connect the Conferencing phones through the adapter
unit to the defined E&M Conferencing ports and test for
the proper operation of omnibus channels.
11. Program the conditions under which bypass action is to
be automatically activated (if required).
12. Finally delete the factory-defined password of level 2
and enter new password for level 1 and level 2.
6. Operation
The Block Diagram of the system is shown in figure 3.

6.1 Functional Description
The two incoming PCM Streams P1 & P2, enters the

2MB Card via the Upper Card Connector, from the rear
side of motherboard.
75Ω/120Ω operation is selected by one Jumper &
programming through the NMT.
The incoming streams are connected to the two separate
Combined Line Interface Unit & Framer IC through line
transformers, which give out two TTL level ST-Bus
compatible VF & Signalling Streams.
The Combined Line Interface Unit & Framer IC carries
out the Line equalisation, HDB3 to binary conversion,
deframing, clock extraction, extraction of information on
spare bits, alarms monitoring etc.
These TTL Level VF & Signalling Streams are further
connected to VF & Signalling Cross-Connect Switches
respectively. These switches perform the TSI function on
these streams as programmed by the user in the routing
tables.
The Local add-drop channels are placed on the TDM1 &
CAS streams, which are connected to various Line Cards
through the system Bus. The other signals required for
the operation of Line Cards are also generated in 2MB
Card and are connected to Line Cards via the system
Bus.

VMX-0100BLOCKDIAGRAM
PCM1 LPCARD
LIU1
PCM2 FPGA
LIU2
PCM1SB
PCM2SB
SWITCHING
MATRIX
PCM1BB
BUSI/F
PCM2BB IPBUS User InterfaceCard1
STA
MICRO MICRO VF/DATA/SIGNALLING LINE Line
PCM12MB
CONTROLLER CONTROLLER PROCESSING1 I/F1 Signals1
PCM22MB CTL
B
TDMBUS U
VF/DATA/SIGNALLING LINE Line
PROCESSING2 I/F2 Signals2
S
IPBUS I VF/DATA/SIGNALLING LINE Line
TDM BUS (T DM1_T X, T DM2_T X, TDM1_RX, T DM2_RX,C2,C4*,F0)

/ FPGA PROCESSING3 I/F3 Signals3
NMS
F
2MBCARD RS
232
TxDL PROCESSING4 I/F4 Signals4
NMT
RS
232
RxDL NVRAM RAM ROM IMP
DUART
8K 512KB MC68302
512K LAN
DRIVER
IP BUS (IP TX, IP RX)

NMS
RxDL TxDL
TDM3-5
SWITCH1 Conference
PCM1 FRAMER1 DST1
(Voice) Piggy
B
TDM1-2
U TDMBUS
CST1 CAS
S
RxDL TxDL DST2
I
C2,F0,C4 / IPBUS
SWITCH2
PCM2 FRAMER2 F
CST2
(Signalling)
CASCONF.
DCLKIN User InterfaceCard10
CPLD
MICRO VF/DATA/SIGNALLING LINE Line
EXTCLKIN EXTCLKIF CONTROLLER PROCESSING1 I/F1 Signals1
PLL
C2CLKOUT CLKOUT
B
PSU
TDMBUS U
PROCESSING2 I/F2 Signals2
RING
S
STOP ALM
I VF/DATA/SIGNALLING LINE Line

IPBUS / FPGA PROCESSING3 I/F3 Signals3
-48V +5V F
+12V
PSU&RINGERCARD -12V VF/DATA/SIGNALLING LINE Line
75V PROCESSING4 I/F4 Signals4
-48VRET -48VF
ABBREVARIONSUSED: PCMxBB=PCMxBackbone; PCMxSB=PCMxStandby
Figure 3

The 2MB Card Processor and the Line Card processors

communicate with each other through IP Bus.
The clock priorities can also be set through NMT. The
selected clock is also extended to the connector on the
motherboard.
In the Line Cards the ST Bus compatible data &
signalling information is suitably processed, according to
the type of the User Interface Card.
The Loop Protection function of the equipment can be

achieved by using LPC Card (Optional). This Card is
used to protect the P1 & P2 streams carrying the traffic
in case of any major failure in the network. It provides
the protection to the main 2Mb stream in a manner that
all nodes on the chain remain connected to each other on
the omnibus channels. It uses two 2Mb steams one spare
& one backup for providing the protection.
6.2 Types Of User Interfaces With Vmx-0100
The following user interfaces are presently supported by

VMX-0100:
(i) VF Interfaces
E & M (2W)
E & M (4W)
Loop Incoming Signalling
Loop Outgoing Signalling
Exchange Interface
Subscriber Interface
Hot Line Interface

(ii) Data Interfaces
G.703, co-directional, synchronous data interface @

64Kbps.
V.35/V.24/V.11/X.21, synchronous/ asynchronous data
interface @ 1200-19200 baud.
"N" x 64Kbps, V.35/V.24/V.11/X.21 user configurable,
synchronous data interface with N=1 to 30.
ISDN Digital Subscriber line (IDSL) supporting 64/128
Kbps.
N * 64, G.703 / Fractional E1 Interface.
Additional four channels for Teleprinter Data, 50/100
baud on the spare bits.
64Kbps support is available through GDT Card, which
supports four 64Kbps G703 Co-directional Data.
Low speed V.35/V.24/V.11/X.21 support is available
through a UDT Card that provides four low speed
sync./async. ports of 1200/ 2400/ 4800/ 9600/ 19200 bps
in a card.
6.3 Programmable Time Slots
The operation of VMX-0100 is programmable or

configurable from a VT 100 compatible Network
Management Terminal (NMT) connected to it. Through
this NMT the user interacts with VMX-0100 over
multilevel user-friendly screens to display the existing
configuration and / or to enter new configuration. Once
entered, the configuration information is stored in a non-
volatile RAM (NVRAM) and governs the operation of
the Mux henceforth. This NVRAM has a battery life of
several years.

The NVRAM comes programmed from the factory with

a default configuration setting for all programmable
parameters. This default setting can be viewed and
altered at site using NMT. The default setting is
generally good enough for the operation of VMX-0100
in a typical environment and can be supplied tailored to a
specific user requirement.
6.4 Network Synchronization
VMX-0100 supports a variety of clock input options for

network synchronization. These can be following:
Extracted PCM1 Clock

Extracted Synchronous Data Channel Clock
External 2.048 MHz Clock
Internal Oscillator Clock
The user can specify synchronizing clocks in order of

priority. In case of failure of a higher priority clock, the
next available lower priority clock is automatically
brought into the circuit. In parallel, alarms are generated
in case of failure of highest and next to highest priority
synchronizing clock.
VMX-0100 also gives out a 120Ω / 75 Ω G.703 2.048

MHz network clock for synchronizing the next
equipment in the chain.

6.5 Programmable Alarms And Thresholds
VMX-0100 detects a number of alarms conditions on

PCM trunks, VF/Data user ports, clocks and other
system status. The conditions are following:
(i) On PCM Trunks:
Loss of Signal
Frame Sync Loss
Multiframe Sync Loss
Excessive FAS errors
CRC Sync Loss
Excessive Slips
Remote Alarm
AIS Received
(ii) Others:
Priority Clock Failure

VF/Data Port Failure
Configuration Mismatch
Each of these alarm conditions can be programmed by

user to generate a Major, Minor or no alarm. The Major
& Minor Alarms can also be extended to Bay Top Panel
to generate the audio & visual indications.
The alarms once generated are also logged in a 100

entries deep alarm history file that can be displayed on
the console. The alarm entries in this file include the
alarm source, alarm type, alarm state, alarm generation
and alarm clear time.

6.6 Omni Bus Conferencing
VMX-0100 has provision for 18 3/4 party conferencing,

of which maximum 8 conferences can be 4-party. These
conferencing channels can be set up in such a way that
any one time slot each of PCM1 and PCM2 trunks and
one/two local VF port (Depending on whether
Conference is 3 party or 4 party) can participate in each
conference.
6.7 NMT For Control Diagnostics
Apart from programming VMX-0100, NMT is also used

for displaying Mux status, status of its various lines and
ports, displaying alarm history, running diagnostics,
initiating and displaying error statistics, etc.
6.8 Cross Connectivity Of PCM Trunks
VMX-0100 supports a full cross connect between both

the PCM trunks and the 40 user ports. Any time slot on
PCM trunks can be mapped to any user port. Also any
time slot of PCM1 can be mapped to any time slot of
PCM2 to bypass channels in Add/Drop configuration.
Although 40 user ports have been provided to increase
the modularity but only 30 of them can be configured at
a time.
VMX-0100 can maintain up to four cross connect tables

any of which can be activated by user action.
7. System Architecture

VMX-0100 is compact unit housed in a standard 6U sub-

rack (265mm X 483mm X 260mm) conforming to
DIN/19” Standard. The details of shelf arrangement and
various card types are given below.
7.1 Shelf Arrangement
VMX-0100 shelf fitted with a motherboard has a

provision for 13 slots. The slots are numbered 1 to 13
from left to right. The slot configuration is as under:
Slot 1a Power Supply (PSU) Card
Slot 1b Redundant Power Supply (PSU) Card
Slot 2 TME Card
Slot 3 Loop Protection (LPC) Card (Optional)
Slot 4 Teleprinter (TPC)/User Interface Card
Slot 5-13 User Interface Cards
The Teleprinter Card (TPC) can only be placed in slot 4,

which can otherwise be used for user interface card if
TPC Card is not used. Most user interface cards provide
four VF/Data ports and therefore a maximum of 40
VF/Data ports can be accommodated in a VMX-0100
(without TPC Card). Out of which only 30 can be
configured at a time (excluding TPC). The slots 4-13 can
have any of the available user interface cards. VMX-
0100 automatically detects the presence and type of the

interface card available in a particular slot. The front

view of the VMX-0100 system is shown in the figure 4.
7.2 Cards
The design of VMX-0100 is modular and is based on

multiple processors. Broadly VMX-0100 electronics can
be partitioned as follows:
(i) Common Cards
TME Card
Redundant PSU Card
(ii) User Interface Cards
(a) VF Cards
E & M Card : Required for E&M 2W & 4W interfaces.

FXO Card : Required for Loop I/C and Exchange Line
interfaces.
FXS Card : Required for Subscriber, Loop O/G and Hot
Line interfaces.
(b) Data Cards
G703 Card : Required for 64Kbps G.703 Co-directional

Data
UDT Card: Required for 1200/2400/4800/7200

/9600/19200 baud synchronous or
asynchronous data.

N64 Card : Required for Nx64 data where Nmax=30

TPC Card : Required for 50/100 baud Teleprinter
Data on spare bits.
UIF Card : Required for 64/128K Data Extension to
remote sites.
FE1 Card : Required for supporting two
Fractional E1 streams
(c) Optional Cards
LPC Card : Required to protect the 2Mb tributary

carrying the omnibus channels in case of any major
failure in the network.
DAC Card : Required for monitoring the voltages &

other environmental parameters like Temperature,
Pressure, Humidity, Battery Voltage, A.C. Voltage etc.
8. Cards Description
8.1 PSU Card
Power Supply in the VMX-0100 is DC-DC converter

based on SMPS technology. VMX-0100 supports
optional redundant PSU Card for higher availability. The
two modules go in slot 1a & slot 1b of the motherboard.
Apart from generating the output voltages required for
the functioning of the system, it also generates the 75V
rms, 25Hz. ring signal required for the FXS card. The
input output specifications are as under:
Input : -36 V to -72V (-48V nominal)

Output :+5V/10 Amp, +12V/1.05 Amp &
-12V/1.05 Amp

A filtered -48V is given to loop signalling VF Cards for

powering the VF Loop interfaces.
8.2 TME Card
TME Card forms the heart of VMX-0100 system and is

inserted in slot no. 2 of the VMX-0100 Shelf. This is a
microprocessor-based card employing Motorola’s
MC68EN302 Microprocessor and functions as the
overall controller of VMX-0100. It implements all
programmable features of the mux, scans the mux for
alarm conditions, maintains history files as well as takes
the user defined action whenever the alarm condition is
detected. It also scans the mux hardware for correct
functioning and signals the user whenever any
abnormality is seen. It also interacts with NMT user over
a user-friendly menu based man machine dialogue for
various actions requested by him. This implements full
featured cross connect between PCM1, PCM2 trunks and
the local user ports. It also functions as the signalling
processor card for VMX-0100 and extracts the signalling
information coming on time slots 16 of PCM 1 and 2 and
sends them to the VF ports and vice versa. It houses the
clock handing logic & PLL. It also interacts with the
Network management System either through Rs-232 or
Ethernet interface for providing Network Monitoring &
Control.
8.3 User Interface Cards
All user interface cards implement the required

specifications of the user interface port. They also sense

and drive the line, register signalling conditions on the

line and pass them on to the 2MB card after processing.
All user interface cards support 4 interfaces per card

except the N*64, UIF, FE1 Cards which provide 2
interfaces per card. All ports on a card however can be
independently mapped to any time slot on PCM1 or
PCM2.
8.4 LPC Card
This Card is used to protect the P1 & P2 streams

carrying the traffic in case of any major failure in the
network. It provides the protection to the main 2Mb
stream in a manner that all nodes on the chain remain
connected to each other on the omnibus channels. It uses
two 2Mb steams one spare & one backup for providing
the protection.
8.5 DAC Card
This Card has
- 8 auxiliary input ports, which can be used for

getting status of events.
- 8 auxiliary dry contacts for controlling 8 tasks.
- 6 analog inputs for monitoring up to 6
environmental parameters.
- System voltages monitoring.
This card can go into any line card slot.

8.6 Equipment ID
An 8-position DIPswitch has been provided on the

motherboard to set the equipment ID. With 8 positions
maximum of 256 IDs can be set. This ID is required for
the NMS operation & forms the address of the NMS
basic frame.
8.7 Wiring & Terminations (Fig.5)
All the connections are terminated on the connectors on

the rear side of the motherboard. VMX-0100 receives -
48V power supply through a shrouded connector located
on the rear of the motherboard. All user interfaces as
well as 120Ω interfaces of PCM1 & PCM2, network
clock-in, clock out have their terminations on the Euro-
connectors on the rear side of the motherboard. The Euro
Connectors used on the Motherboard provide the dual
functionality. They provide the slots to accommodate
upto 14 Cards on front side whereas these are used to
connect the PCM Streams and Voice/Data Lines from
the rear. 75 Ω interface terminations for Clock Input and
Clock Output are also brought on to BNC connectors.
Two DB15 connectors have been provided for the NMS.
One DB9 connector has been provided to extend the
Major & Minor Alarms to the Bay Top Panel.
The details of connectors & the signals are given below.
Conn. Connector Slot Connector Function

Desig. Type No. Front Side Rear Side
J1 Rev.Euro 64M 1 PSU Card 1 ---
J2 Rev.Euro 64M 2 PSU Card 2 ---
J3 Rev.Euro 64M 3 2MB Card P1,P2 Streams


& Clock in/out
Interface
2MB Card Termination
J4 Rev.Euro 96M 3
Piggy(Right)
J5 Rev.Euro 64M 4 LPC Card P1,P2,P3,P4,P5
,P6 Streams
Interface
J6 Rev.Euro 64M 4 LPC Card ---
J7 5 VF/Data Line VF/Data Line
Rev.Euro 96M
Card Interface
J8 5 VF/Data Line ---
Rev.Euro 64M
Card
Rev.Euro 96M
Card Interface
Rev.Euro 64M
Card
Rev.Euro 96M
Card Interface
Rev.Euro 64M
Card
Rev.Euro 96M
Card Interface
Rev.Euro 64M
Card
Rev.Euro 96M
Card Interface
Rev.Euro 64M
Card
Rev.Euro 96M
Card Interface
Rev.Euro 64M
Card
Rev.Euro 96M
Card Interface


Rev.Euro 64M
Card
Rev.Euro 96M
Card Interface
Rev.Euro 64M
Card
Rev.Euro 96M
Card Interface
Rev.Euro 64M
Card
Rev.Euro 96M
Card Interface
J40 14 VF/Data Line Termination
Rev.Euro 64M
Card Piggy(Left)
J29 External 2MHz
BNC -- ---
Clock In
J30 2MHz Clock
BNC -- ---
Out
J31 Power Supply
4-pin Male -- ---
1 (-48V) In
J43 Power Supply
4-pin Male -- ---
2 (-48V) In
J42 -- --- Speech (-48V)
4-pin Male
In (Opt.)
J41 -- Ring 75V rms
3 Pin Molex ---
In (Opt.)
J32 DB15M -- --- NMS I/F
J33 DB15M -- --- NMS I/F
J34 Alarm
DB9M -- ---
Extension
J36 Fast-on Tab -- --- -48V Return
J37 Fast-on Tab -- --- System Ground
J38 Fast-on Tab -- --- Chassis Ground

PWR PWR HEALTH HEALTH HEALTH HEALTH HEALTH HEALTH HEALTH HEALTH HEALTH HEALTH HEALTH HEALTH
O/P FAIL O/P FAIL

P1 LCL E FAIL TEST 1 TEST 1 TEST 1 TEST 1 TEST 1 TEST 1 TEST 1 TEST 1 TEST 1
P2 LCL W FAIL TEST 2 TEST 2 TEST 2 TEST 2 TEST 2 TEST 2 TEST 2 TEST 2 TEST 2
OFF OFF P1 RMT TEST 3 TEST 3 TEST 3 TEST 3 TEST 3 TEST 3 TEST 3 TEST 3 TEST 3
P2 RMT TEST 4 TEST 4 TEST 4 TEST 4 TEST 4 TEST 4 TEST 4 TEST 4 TEST 4
CLOCK
TEST
TD NMS
ON ON
RD NMS
NMS
- 48V - 48V
- 48V RET - 48V RET

NMT
+ 5V + 5V
GND GND
+ 12V + 12V
- 12V - 12V
NMS
PSU PSU 2MB LPC TPC/ LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC LC
Figure - 4

J39 J23 J21 J19 J17 J15 J13 J11 J9 J7 J5 J3
J30 J29
CLK OUT 2MB CLK IN
Alarm Extension
NMS 1
NMS 2
J34
J32
J33
Station ID
VF/Data VF/Data VF/Data VF/Data VF/Data VF/Data VF/Data VF/Data VF/Data Teleprinter/ PCM1 to 6 PCM1,
Terminations Terminations Terminations Terminations Terminations Terminations Terminations Terminations Terminations VF/Data Terminations PCM2,
Terminations (with LPC Ext. Clk
Card only) Termination J42 J31
-48V M
J40 J4
-48V RET
H1
SPEECH MAIN
TERMINATION PIGGY
TERMINATION PIGGY
H2
Chasis Gnd.
J38
H3 J37
-48V SRET J34
-48V
H4 GND J36
-48V RET
STANDBY
SLOT 13 SLOT 12 SLOT 11 SLOT 10 SLOT 9 SLOT 8 SLOT 7 SLOT 6 SLOT 5 SLOT 4 SLOT 3 SLOT 2 SLOT 1a & 1b
Figure – 5
9. System Specifications
9.1 General
Number of PCM Trunks : 2

Number of user ports : 40 max., modularity of 4 in
most cases.
Number of configurable user : 30 max., excluding
ports Teleprinter data
Types of VF interfaces supported: E&M 2W and 4W
Loop Incoming
Loop Outgoing
Subscriber Interface
Exchange Interface
Hot Line
Types of data interfaces supported: 64 Kbps G.703
codirectional
1200 to 19200 baud sync
1200 to 19200 baud async
Nx64 Kbps Sync.
U Interface (64/128 Kbps)
N*64,G.703/Fractional E1
Basic Shelf dimensions for one: 265 x 483 x 260
VMX-0100 terminal (H x W x D in mm)
Power Supply : -36V to -72V, -48(Nom.)
Network Clock Synchronisation : Selected from
Data Interface Clock
2.048 MHz External Clock
2.048 MHz Internal Clock
Other Synchronising features : 2.048 MHz network clock
out available

Omnibus Conferencing : 18 3/4 party conferencing,

of which maximum 8
conferences can be 4-
party.
Alarms : All alarms user
programmable
for threshold and type as
Major / Minor/None.
All alarms logged in
history file
Network Management : A PC based Application
available for network
control and management.
9.2 PCM Trunk Interface Specifications
Multiplexing :As per recommendations G.732

Framing Structure :As per recommendations G.706
Interface :As per recommendations G.703
Clock Rate :2048 Kbps ± 50 ppm
Output impedance :75Ω unbalanced/120Ω Balanced
Input impedance :75Ω unbalanced/120Ω balanced
9.3 VF Interfaces Specifications
(i) E & M (4W)
Coding : A-law, rec. G.711

Nominal impedance : 600Ω at input and output
Ports
Return Loss : Better than 20dB in range
300-3400Hz
Quantization distortion: Meets rec. G.712

Linearity : Meets rec. G.712

Frequency distortion : Meets rec. G.712
Rx Level : -11dBr to + 4dBr adjustable
in steps of 0.1 dB
Tx level : -14dBr to 1dBr adjustable in
steps of 0.1dB
(ii) E & M (2W)
Coding : A-law, rec. G.711

Nominal impedance
: 600Ω
Return Loss : 12dB, 300-600Hz
15dB, 600-3400Hz
Quantization distortion: Meets rec. G.712
Linearity : Meets rec. G.712
Frequency distortion
: Meets rec. G.712
Rx Level : -14dBr to + 1 dBr adjustable in
steps of 0.1dB
Tx Level : -11dBr to +4dBr adjustable in
steps of 0.1dB
(iii) Loop Incoming
Open Loop resistance: More than 10KΩ

Closed Loop resistance: 1200 Ohm max.
Line reversal detection: Provided
Line potential disconnection: Provided detection
Trunk Offering : Provided
Dial Plus speed : 8-12 pps
VF specs : Same as for 2W, E & M

(iv) Loop Outgoing
Max. Loop resistance : 800Ω

Battery reversal capability : Provided
Trunk Offering Detection : Provided
Blocking : Provided
(Reverse potential
applied on limbs)
Dial Pulse Speed : 8 - 12 pps
VF specs : Same as for 2W,
E&M
(v) FXS Interface
Max. Loop Resistance : 1200Ω

Battery reversal capability : Provided
Ring Voltage : 75 V rms + 5V
Ring Frequency : 17-25 Hz
Dial Pulse Speed : 8-12pps
VF Specs : Same as for 2W,
E&M
(vi) FXO Interface
Open Loop resistance : More than 10KΩ

Closed Loop resistance: 1200 ohm max.
Minimum ring voltage : 15V rms detection
Dial Pulse Speed : 8-12pps
VF Specs : Same as for 2W, E & M

(viii) Hot Line
Max. Loop resistance : 1200Ω

Ring Voltage : 75V rms.
Ring Frequency : 17-25Hz
VF Specs : Same as for 2W,E& M
9.4 Data Interface Specifications
(i) 64 Kbps G.703 Data Interface
Interface : Codirectional as per rec. G.703

Nominal Output impedance : 120Ω
Nominal Input impedance : 120Ω
Return Loss at Input ports : 12dB for 4 KHz -
13 KHz 18dB for 13
KHz - 256 KHz
14dB for 256 KHz -
384 KHz
(ii) Low Speed Data Interface
Interface : V.24/V.35/V.11/X.21
Modes : Sync./Async
Rates Supported : 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600 and
19200 Kbps
Signals supported : Tx Data, RX Data,
RTS, CTS, DSR/DCD
: TxC, RxC, XTC (for Sync
Modes only)
(iii) High Speed Synchronous Data Interface “N X 64”
Conformity : To (CCITT) Rec. G.703

Mode : Synchronous
Bit Rate : 64 Kbps
Maximum Value of N : 30
ISDN Digital Subscriber Line (IDSL)
Interface : 2B1Q/ U interface as per ITU-T

G.961
Bit Rate : 64 / 128 Kbps
Features : Optional remote Power Feed
N*64, G.703/ Fractional E1 interface
Conformity (Electrical): ITU -T G.703

Frame Structure : As per ITU –T G.704, CRC4
Bit Rate : 2048 Kbps + 50 ppm
Value of N : 1 - 30
9.5 Clock Interfaces Specifications
(i) 2.048 MHz Clock Input
Termination : 75Ω unbalanced/120Ω balanced

Rate : 2048 KHz ± 50ppm
Signal Wave Shape: As per figure 21/G.703(Bluebook)
modified by interconnecting line.
Maximum Line Attenuation : 6dB
(ii) 2.048 MHz Clock Output
Nominal Impedance : 75Ω unbalanced/120Ω balanced

Rate : Synchronised to system clock
Wave Shape : As per G.703
Other specs : As per § 10/G.70

10. Commissioning
10.1 System Configuration
VMX-0100 configuration requires two distinct steps of

setting up & programming Mux for the desired
environment and of monitoring its operation for status of
trunks, user lines and other network parameters. The latter
may also involve reacting to certain alarm conditions by
activating alternate configurations etc.
VMX-0100 comes with a Non-Volatile RAM (NVRAM)

which holds at all times the running configuration or
programming of VMX-0100. This NVRAM comes pre-
programmed from the factory to a default typical
configuration. This default programming can be viewed
on the NMT/ NMS and can be altered to meet installation
specific requirements.
10.2 Programming Of Vmx-0100
The user interacts with the system from Network

Management Terminal / NMS connected to TME Card.
Well designed user friendly menus display to user the
existing parameters as already programmed and allow user
to edit and modify them. The system also checks the new
values entered for consistency.
The Mux configuration can be viewed for display and/or

modified at any time of the Mux operation.
Once properly programmed, NMT is not required for day

to day operation of Mux as the Mux automatically scans
the hardware and network lines for alarm and abnormal

conditions and takes appropriate alternate actions defined

by the user. A number of LED indicators on the VMX-
0100 cards as well as on the bay also continuously display
the Mux status at all times. NMT can however be used to
display detailed network status, to run diagnostics and to
make further changes to the Mux programming if
required.
VMX-0100 does not require constant attendance on NMT

or otherwise for its normal operation. The configuration
and features once programmed and saved in NVRAM
guide its operation during normal as well as during alarm
conditions, by automatically activating alternate
configurations and/or taking other actions as programmed
by the user. Several indicators on the VMX-0100 are
available however to indicate the status of the Mux and of
its various interfaces to the operator. In addition, the NMT
can be used to display the network and line status in detail,
as well as to initiate local and remote diagnostics to isolate
the network problem.
Among the diagnostic aids that can be activated from

NMT include local or remote loop back of an entire trunk
or of an individual VF/Data time slot.
All alarms in the VMX-0100 are categorised by the

system (redefinable by user) as either MAJOR or MINOR
or NONE. All major alarms light a alarm LEDs on the
2MB card and also close major alarm audio and visual dry
loops. All such major alarm dry loops are connected in
parallel and brought to the top of the bay where a major
alarm indicator and audio annunciator for the bay is
installed. A similar audio/visual annunciator for minor

alarm is also available. The major & minor alarm

annunciators are reset upon operator acknowledgement.
10.3 Parameters Programmable In VMX-0100
The following major parameters are programmable in

VMX-0100 and may be modified from NMT / NMS.
(i) Parameters related to PCM Trunks
Framing format CRC 4/Standard

Enable / Disable trunk
Time slot cross connection
75 / 120 Ohm Line Impedance
(ii) Parameters related to VF
VF Port type: E&M 4W / E&M 2W /Loop IC

/Loop OG/ FXS / FXO / Hotline
Trans gain
Receive gain
Time slot mapping
(iii) Parameters related to Data
When data card is G703 : Time slot mapping
When Data Card is UDT
Baud Rate
Sync/Async
Point to Point / Multidrop
Handshaking
Time slot mapping

Interface selection
When Data Card is N64
Time slot mapping

Value of ‘N’
When Data Card is UIF
Time Slot Mapping

Value of ‘N’ (1-2)
Interface Selection
When Data Card is FE1
Time Slot Mapping

Interface Enable / Disable
NMS Enable / Disable
(iv) Parameters related to Network Clocks
Programming of network clocks sources in order of

priority.
(v) Miscellaneous parameters
Defining all alarms in Mux as Major/Minor/None

Setting up omnibus Conferencing channels
Defining conditions for activating Mux bypass
Defining alarm thresholds for BER, CRC errors, slip
counts
Setting up and defining alternate route configurations in
case of major network failures.

10.4 Remote Programming Of VMX-0100
NMS can be used to implement the remote programming

of other VMX-0100 in a network from a single Mux.
10.5 Factory / Default Settings
10.5.1 Factory / Default Settings For User Interface Cards
(i) For VF Interfaces
Card Type Port Type Tx dBr Rx dBr (dB)
E&M 4W E & M -3.5 -3.5

FXO FXO 0 -2.0
FXS FXS 0 -2.0
64 Kbps G.703 Data Interface
Card Type Port Type
G703 Card 64 Kbps G.703 Co-directional I/F
(ii) Low Bit Rate Data Interface
Card Type Port Type
UDT Card 9600 baud V.24, async Data

Other Settings:
No. of Data bits: 8

No. of stop bits: 1
Parity: Disabled
Handshaking: Disabled
(iii) N * 64 High Speed Synchronous Data Interface
Card Type Port Type
N * 64 Kbps Card N = 1 to 30, V.11/ V.35, Synchronous
Other Settings:
Handshaking: Disabled
Clock Mode: Sync Internal
(iv) ISDN Digital Subscriber Line Interface
Card Type Port Type
UIF Card LT
Other Settings:
Line rate: 64 / 128 Kbps
(v) N*64, G.703 / Fractional E1 interface
Card Type Port Type
FE1 Card N = 1 to 30, Bit rate of 2048+ 50 ppm

Other Settings:
Termination Impedance : 75 Ohm

NMS Working : Disable
10.5.2 Factory / Default Settings For Clocks
Priority 1 PCM1
Priority 2 PCM2
Priority 3 DCLK
Priority 4 EXT. 2M
Priority 5 INT. 2M
10.5.3 Factory / Default Settings Miscellaneous
(i) Passwords:
Level 0 (User) : No Password

Level 1 (Supervisory) : 123
Level 2 (Administrative) : 1234
(ii) Time of Day event: None Selected
(iii) PCM Trunk Settings
PCM 1 Framing Format - Standard

Signalling Format - CAS
CRC4 Enabled
PCM2 Framing Format - Standard
Signalling Format - CAS
CRC4 Enabled

10.6 Configuration Menu
10.6.1 General
VMX-0100 is a highly versatile and programmable PCM

multiplexer based on multiple microprocessors. The Mux
comes with a Network Management Terminal (NMT)
through which all the programming and control features of
VMX-0100 are accessible.
VMX-0100 comes with a non-volatile NVRAM whose

contents define the running configuration of the Mux as
well as control its operating behaviour during its run time.
The NVRAM comes pre-configured to certain default
settings from the factory, which configures it to a typical
operating environment. From the NMT the user can see
these values as well as alter them to suit the specific
requirements of the Mux at site.
10.6.2 Setting Up NMT
Opening screen displays PUNCOM Versatile Multiplexer,

VMX-0100 & the current software version. After pressing
the ‘Enter’ main menu screen is displayed which is as
follows.
1. Status
2. Routing Tables
3. Conference Set up
4. Hardware Set up
5. User Options
6. Maintenance
7. Administrative Login

8. Administrative Logout
9. Diagnostics
Enter your selection (1 to 9)
After the user enters his selection other menus are

displayed to the user to solicit further selections from him
and/or display him the information.
10.6.3 Hardware Set Up (User Selection 4)
A further user screen 4.0 is displayed in response to user

selection 4. Under this selection following options are
available:
(i) Configure Trunk (User Screen 4.1)
This screen allows enabling/disabling of the selected PCM

trunk, framing format, CRC enable/disable & line
impedance etc.
(ii) Configure Slot (User Screen 4.2)
This screen allows the user to configure a particular slot

for a required user interface. If auto-learn mode is
executed, the system automatically configures itself for the
given card. User can keep maximum 40 physical ports
configured as either VF or Data. During run time the
system detects the type of card actually present in the
system and activates the required programming.

(iii) Channel Configuration (User Screen 4.3)
This screen allows user to configure a particular channel

for specific type. In this screen the specific parameters of a
particular channel of already configured slot, can be
selected.
(iv) Erase Hardware Set up (User Screen 4.4)
This option can only be activated by administrative user

and initialises the entire hardware to default configuration.
10.6.4 Routing Table (User Selection 2)
General
Routing Tables are used to program and define the cross

connections between time slots of PCM1 and PCM2 and
VF/Data ports. Upto four routing tables can be
programmed and kept in readiness. However at any time
only one routing table can be active. Power On Routing
Table shall become active at power. There after other
routing tables can be activated by user on manual
intervention from NMT.
Editing Routing Tables
Selecting Routing Table entry on the main menu further

displays routing table screen 2.0 with following selections:
(i) Enter Routing Table No. To Edit (User Screen 2.1)
Enter Routing Table No. option selects the one routing

table out of four that will be used in options 2 to 8.

(ii) Modify Connection(User Screen 2.2)
Modify connection selection in user screen 2.2 further

displays another screen 2.2.1 to the user. The user enters
the source and the destination time slots to be routed.
(iii) Delete Connection(User Screen 2.3)
Delete connection allows the user to disconnect a specific

port or TS of any trunk (PCM1, PCM2) in a routing table.
(iv) Display Routing Table(User Screen 2.4)
Display routing table displays the entries of a routing

table. Through this option the user can know the exact
routing details of the system. The format of this screen is
given below:
PCM1 CONNECTED PCM2 CONNCTED PORT CONNECTED

TS TO TS TO NO. TO
1 1 1
2 2 2
-- -- --
32 32 40
(v) Activate Routing Table (User Screen 2.5)
Activate routing table displays the currently active routing

table number and allows the user to activate another
routing table.

(vi) Erase Routing Table (User Screen 2.6)
Erase routing table erases all relevant entries in a routing

table. This routing table if made active shall disconnect all
time slots in PCM1, PCM2 and VF from all other time
slots.
(vii) Copy Routing Table (User Screen 2.7)
Copy routing table command is used to copy an entire

routing table to another table so that only alterations need
be edited in that. This saves the operator from the tedium
of entering an entire routing table when it is only slightly
different from another existing table.
(viii) Specific Card Routing (User Screen 2.8)
Specific Card routing is used to perform routing of UDT,

N*64, IDSL & FE1 Cards. This option further includes
sub option for Add routing, Delete routing & Display
routing of these cards.
Default Settings For Routing Tables
Power up Routing Table: No. 1

PCM1 CONNECTED PCM2 PORT CONNECTED
CONNECTED TO
TS TO TS NO TO
1 Port 1 1 No Connection 1 PCM1 1

PCM1 CONNECTED PCM2 PORT CONNECTED

CONNECTED TO
TS TO TS NO TO
16 No Connection 16 No Connection 16 PCM1 17
31 Port 30 31 No Connection 31 No Connection
32 No Connection 32 No Connection 32 No Connection

10.6.5 Conference Setup (User Selection 3)
The set-up allows selection of 1 or 2 local VF ports and

one time slot each on PCM1 and PCM2 to be put in each
Conferencing. The system has provision for 18, 3 / 4 party
Conferencing, of which maximum 8 conferences can be 4-
party. The various options available under this selection
are given below:
(i) Enter Routing Table No. To Edit (User Screen 3.1)
Enter Routing Table No. option selects the one routing

table out of four that will be used in options 2 to 4.
(ii) Add Conference (User Screen 3.2)
A new conference can be made using one time slot each

from PCM1, PCM2 and 1 or 2 local VF ports. Add
Conference selection in screen 3.2 further displays another
screen 3.2.1 to the user. The user enters the source and the
destination time slots to be routed.
(iii) Delete Conference (User Screen 3.3)
Delete Conference allows the user to delete the existing

conference.
(iv) Display Conferences (User Screen 3.4)
Display routing table displays the existing conferences and

the time slots & ports involved. The format of this screen
is given below:

CONF. TYPE PCM1 PCM2 PORT PORT

NO. TS TS NO. 1 NO. 2
1
2
--
18
Default Settings For Conferences
No VF channel in conference. Conferencing Disabled
11. Maintenance
11.1. Maintenance Guidelines
Various maintenance aids have been provided in VMX

equipment. Following is brief introduction to these:
a) Alarms and Indications
Alarm and indications LED’s are provided on various

modules of equipment. Their OK & faulty states are
mentioned in previous Chapter under Cards Installation
section.
b) Test and measurement points
Power supply measurements points are provided on T

ME card to check supply input.

c) Maintenance through NMS software
NMS (Network Management Software) is provided which

maintains all VMX equipment connected in a network.
Operator can refer to NMS user manual for details.
However, maintenance procedures possible through NMS
are described in section Maintenance Action Procedures.
VMX equipment has been designed in a modular way to

assist troubleshooting and fault detection. The equipment
has visual alarm indicators on various cards that allow
identifying faulty cards as well as determining fault type.
Maintenance team consists of two lines of staff:
a) The 1st line maintenance staffs shall identify faulty

cards and replace them. They also carry out periodic
checks of various system parameters to ensure
satisfactory system operation and to restore the
communication link at the earliest in case of system
failure.
b) The 2nd line maintenance staffs shall undertake repair

of faulty cards, assembly adjustments, testing and
debugging etc.
11.2 Routine Maintenance
Routine maintenance is carried out while the system is in

operation and consists of checking the important system
parameters at the monitoring sockets provided. This
process helps to identify faults if present and correct the
fault at the earliest

The routine check may be carried out weekly, monthly or

yearly depending upon the importance of parameters and
strength of manpower. Use of NMS software allows
remote maintenance of the equipment. The following
schedule is suggested for efficient maintenance:
a) Weekly check
Check –48V input terminal

Check alarm LED’s on various cards and compare
them with ideal states.
Check whether all electrical cables and connections
are properly secured and the cables are not stretched.
Check alarm history to record occurrence of any alarm
type.
b) Monthly check
During monthly check, error performance of

individual equipment and monitoring voltages are
considered.
c) Yearly check
Various tests of 2MB PCM stream and individual

cards are performed using testing equipments like
Oscilloscope, Digital Multimeter and PCM terminal
test set etc.

12. Fault Management
VMX-0100 provides visual alarm indicators on the front

panel of every card for fault determination and isolation in
event of system failure.
Faults are split into three types:
Major Faults:
A major fault is a fault whose appearance inhibits normal

operation of the equipment or entails risk to operation.
Minor Faults:
A minor fault is a fault whose appearance causes no risk to

equipment operation. In this case normal operation of
equipment is guaranteed.
None:
This class includes faults which operator desires to ignore

on their appearances. Normal operation of equipment is
guaranteed when they appear.
Faults are split into three categories:
Powering-Up Faults
Hardware Faults
Communication Faults

FAULTS CLASS
Powering-up Faults
Conference Piggy Absent MAJOR / MINOR / NONE *
NVRAM Fail MAJOR / MINOR / NONE *
Hardware Faults
Power Supply1 Failure MAJOR / MINOR / NONE *
Power Supply2 Failure MAJOR / MINOR / NONE *
Slot Fail / Absent MAJOR / MINOR / NONE *
Port Failure MAJOR / MINOR / NONE *
Communication Faults
Priority-1 Clock Failure MAJOR / MINOR / NONE *
Priority-2 Clock Failure MAJOR / MINOR / NONE *
Trunk (PCM1/PCM2): LOS MAJOR / MINOR / NONE *
Trunk (PCM1/PCM2): FSYNC MAJOR / MINOR / NONE *
Trunk (PCM1/PCM2): MFSYNC MAJOR / MINOR / NONE *
Trunk (PCM1/PCM2): CRCSYNC MAJOR / MINOR / NONE *
Trunk (PCM1/PCM2): AIS MAJOR / MINOR / NONE *
Trunk (PCM1/PCM2): BIT3 MAJOR / MINOR / NONE *
Trunk (PCM1/PCM2): BIT6 MAJOR / MINOR / NONE *
Trunk (PCM1/PCM2): AIS16 MAJOR / MINOR / NONE *
Trunk (PCM1/PCM2): EXX_BER3 MAJOR / MINOR / NONE *
Trunk (PCM1/PCM2): EXX_BER6 MAJOR / MINOR / NONE *
* Depends on operator/user requirements

13. Maintenance Action Procedures
The following maintenance options have been provided in

the Versatile Mux, which can be used to identify network
or Mux faults as well as to activate network
reconfigurations.
(i) Loop backs
VMX-0100 provides local and remote loop backs at both

trunk and channel level which can be activated from
NMT.
(ii) MUX Bypass
In case of critical hardware failure, the Mux automatically

bypasses itself by physically shorting PCM1 trunk to
PCM2 trunk through bypass relays. This bypass can also
be activated from NMT.
(iii) Statistics Collection
Mux can be programmed to collect error and slip statistics

on the PCM1 and PCM2 trunks. The statistics collections
can be started/stopped for a specified period or can be
done on continuous basis. In latter case, thresholds can be
specified for error performance and major/minor alarms
can be raised in case error performance deteriorates.
(iv) Alarm History
The VMX-0100 maintains a 100 deep alarm history file

that contains at all times the most recent 100 past and
present alarms including their generation and clear time.

This display can be used to see in one place, a

chronological sequence of last 100 alarms. In case the
history file overflows with new alarms, older, minor and
major alarms, in order, are deleted from display.
14. Maintenance Menu
14.1 Maintenance
Through this menu the user is provided with several

options, which can be used for the fault finding or the
routine maintenance. Under user options, the user
programs following items:
(i) Display Hardware
This screen displays all the configured & the actually

present cards in the system.
(ii) Loopbacks
This user option further provides the option for:
System Bypass
Loopback Trunk
Loopback Channel
The various loopbacks can be initiated for the desired

period of the time.

(iii) Display Alarm History
User can see the 100 entries deep alarm log file, which
provides the Alarm, Alarm Type, Alarm Generation Time,
Alarm Clearing Time etc.
(iv) Erase Alarm log
This option can only be activated by administrative user

and initialises the entire alarm log.
(v) G821 Statistics
This option allows the user to see the G.821 Statistics for
past 24 Hrs. & current Hr. for both the trunks. It also
provides the option to restart G.821 statistics.
15 Human Machine Interface
15.1. Interface Types
The human-machine interface forms an inevitable feature

of VMX-0100. Various interface types have been
incorporated in the equipment that allow operator to
operate VMX-0100 not only from field site but also from
remote location. Choice of interface type depends on the
location of the operator as well as the flexibility desired by
the operator. A brief introduction to interface types is
given below:
NMT (Network Management Terminal)
This method consists of a connecting VT-100 monitor to

VMX equipment using RS-232 serial interface. VMX has

serial port provided on TME card for this purpose. VT-100

is further connected to keyboard that allows operator to
select menus and give input to VMX equipment. The
connection is shown below:
VT-100 VMX-0100
P T
S M
U E
OPERATION OF VMX-0100 with NMT
(i) With NMT disconnected
The NMT can be disconnected from the VMX-0100 after

it has been installed and made operational.
Even if no NMT is connected, the VMX-0100 continues to

function, displaying their own and network status on
different LED and on bay major and minor alarm
indicators. Major & Minor alarms once raised remain
raised until the alarm condition is cleared.
(ii ) With NMT connected
NMT when connected to VMX-0100 can be used to the

following advantages:
1. The detailed status of system can be displayed.

2. Conditions causing major and minor alarms can e

seen.
3. Active MUX diagnostics can be activated.
4. The alarm log file can be viewed, which is a
history file of the latest 100 alarms.
Screens 1.1 to 1.3 display the detailed network status for

the Mux. Screen 1.1 gives the summary nodal
communications status of the Mux and gives the total
number of major and minor alarms in the node, the current
clock source running and its defined priority level.
Screen 1.2 gives detailed status of the trunks (PCM1 &

PCM2). Screen 1.3 gives the channel status for channels 1
to 40.
15.2 NMS (Network Management System)
For remote monitoring and configuration of VMX

equipment, NMS interface type has been incorporated.
Under this method, an operator is provided with Network
Management System software application compatible with
Microsoft Windows 2000, Windows XP. The NMS data is
sent over 2MB stream i.e. 2 bits of NMS data are
transferred in every PCM30 frame. An Ethernet port is
provided on TME card for this purpose.
Web Server
This interface type is additional feature provided for

operators who demand remote operation of VMX using
WWW (World Wide Web). The operator accesses the
various menus by entering IP of VMX equipment in
Internet Explorer of Microsoft Windows Operating

system. The Ethernet port provided on TME card is used

for this interface type. HTTP 1.0 version is supported by
VMX equipment. Various menus accessible from NMT
except Diagnosis are also accessible using this method.
However, the operator must check web browser version
before using this method.
15.3. Menu Description
15.3.1 Status (User Selection 1)
This menu further displays the following options:
(i) System Status:
This user option displays the system status, which includes

bypass status, no. of major alarms, no. of minor alarms &
sync. Source etc.
(ii) Trunk Status:
This screen displays trunk enable/disable status, loopback

status, major/minor alarms present.
(iii) Channel status:
This screen displays each channel’s status, its settings &

alarm status pertaining to the channel.
15.3.2 Routing Tables (User Selection 2)
This user option is discussed in para 10.

15.3.3 Conference Setup (User Selection 3)

15.3.4 Hardware Setup (User Selection-4)
15.3.5 User Options (User Selection 5)

Under user options, the user programs following items:
(i) Set Time (User Screen 5.1)
In this screen the user can change current Time, Date &
Day.
(ii) Edit Password (User Screen 5.2)
Password editing is however allowed only if user gives his

level’s password.
(iii)Power-up Routing Table (User Screen 5.3)
VMX-0100 maintains upto 4 routing tables any of which

can be active at a time. This entry defines the routing table
number, which shall be activated at power on. It is also
possible to activate the last active routing table at power
on.
(iv) Time of Day reconfiguration (user screen 5.4)
Through this screen upto five events (time of day and

date) can be specified at which specified routing table
numbers shall be brought into activation.

(v)Select sync source Priorities (User Screen 5.5)
Through this screen the network sync clocks and their

priorities are defined. The highest priority clock is
automatically selected.
(vi)Major/Minor alarm Settings (User Screen 5.6)
This screen allows the user to define each possible alarm

in the system as either major / minor / none. It also allows
user to define thresholds for the alarms.
15.3.6 Maintenance (User Selection 6)
15.3.7 Administrative Login (User Selection 7)
There are three different levels of login, which provides

different privileges to the users. These levels are:
Level 0 (User Mode): The system automatically logs

in the user mode, when VT-100 is connected to it. In
this mode the user can view the settings along-with the
system status. In this mode the user is not allowed to
change the programming.
Level 1 (Supervisory Mode): To modify/update
settings, user has to login in supervisory mode. The
entry to supervisor mode is protected by passwords,
which the user must enter correctly to be able to login
in supervisor mode. In supervisory mode only those
settings can be changed which do not disturb the
traffic. These include VF gains etc. The default

password is 123 and can be changed to other codes by

the user.
Level 2 (Administrative Mode): The administrative
level password gives access to modification of all
operational parameters and settings. The default
setting of the password is 1234 and can be changed to
other codes by the user.
Once changed, the new passwords can only be used and

must be remembered by the user. In case of accidental loss
of level 2-password code, only way to get back to 1234
code is by loading default settings wherein the entire
hardware is re-initialised.
15.3.8 Administrative Log Off (User Selection 8)
Log off command is used to log off from the

supervisory/administrative mode. The system also
automatically logs off if no Keyboard entry from NMT is
received for five minutes. This is to safeguard against the
supervisor accidentally leaving the terminal logged in
supervisor mode.

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2MBPS PRIMARY DIGITAL MULTIPLEXING

Digital communication is central nervous system of

Most of the future expansions of telecommunication

The equipment used for multiplexing and de-

This handbook covers brief description of Pulse Code

1.1 Pulse Code Modulation (PCM)

The incoming analog VF signal is band limited to 300

The band-limited signal is sliced at regular intervals of

The sampling theorem stipulates a minimum number of

To allow a margin for filter performances the band

Primary Digital MUX (PUNCOM) March 2005

(i.e.125 microseconds). When a number of channels are

The process of sampling generates PAM (Pulse

Conversion of analog samples into a binary signal is

1.2 30 Channel PCM System

Multiplexing of 30 channel PCM system consist of the

Primary Digital MUX (PUNCOM) March 2005

The duration of a frame is 125 microseconds. This frame

It consists of 16 frames. Signalling information for two

The binary signal with its DC component is unsuitable

Total numbers of bits/frame = 32 X 8 = 256

Primary Digital MUX (PUNCOM) March 2005

Primary Digital MUX (PUNCOM) March 2005

¾ Configuring any two voice (FXS - FXS) channels to

Primary Digital MUX (PUNCOM) March 2005

VMX-0100 NETWORK APPLICATION

VSAT Satellite dish Satellite dish Satellite dish Satellite dish

Optical Terminal Optical Terminal Optical Terminal

VMX-0100 VMX-0100 VMX-0100

 As a point to point multiplexer for voice and data

Primary Digital MUX (PUNCOM) March 2005

 As a customer premises PCM Multiplexer for 2.048

Primary Digital MUX (PUNCOM) March 2005

VMX-0100 is housed in a standard 6U sub-rack

Primary Digital MUX (PUNCOM) March 2005

Dimensions of each card:

4.2 Initial requirements and site considerations

The Main Distribution Frame (MDF) must be placed

Primary Digital MUX (PUNCOM) March 2005

4.4. Power Supply Requirements

VMX-0100 is powered by a direct voltage supply. The

Nominal Voltage: (-) 48V DC

4.5 Power Consumption:

The current consumption of equipment fully fitted at

The frame of VMX-0100 equipment must be connected

Following inter-connections must be ensured before

Primary Digital MUX (PUNCOM) March 2005

(i) Connect power cable from Bay Top Panel to equipment

Card type Slot no.

Line cards are installed, as per requirements and

Primary Digital MUX (PUNCOM) March 2005

5.1 Power Supply Card

(i) Front Panel Front panel is shown in figure below:

Primary Digital MUX (PUNCOM) March 2005

The following table describes the front panel:

ON/OFF SWITCH Turns the power ON/OFF. UP Position

(ii) Header Settings : There are no user installable headers

Primary Digital MUX (PUNCOM) March 2005

5.2 TME Card

As a point to point multiplexer for voice and data

As a customer premises PCM Multiplexer for 2.048

Switch off the Power Supply, if ON.