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5a. Controlled Rectifiers

Controlled rectifiers allow for variable output voltages by controlling the firing angle of thyristors. A halfwave controlled rectifier uses a single thyristor to control the output voltage between 0 and the peak of the input voltage. In a fullwave controlled rectifier, two thyristors are used per half cycle to apply the input voltage to the load during both half cycles, providing higher output voltage compared to the halfwave rectifier. The firing angle determines the average output voltage, with maximum output at an angle of 0 degrees and minimum at 90 degrees. Controlled rectifiers are commonly used in applications like variable speed drives due to their simple design and high efficiency.

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Abdullah Nasir
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70 views17 pages

5a. Controlled Rectifiers

Controlled rectifiers allow for variable output voltages by controlling the firing angle of thyristors. A halfwave controlled rectifier uses a single thyristor to control the output voltage between 0 and the peak of the input voltage. In a fullwave controlled rectifier, two thyristors are used per half cycle to apply the input voltage to the load during both half cycles, providing higher output voltage compared to the halfwave rectifier. The firing angle determines the average output voltage, with maximum output at an angle of 0 degrees and minimum at 90 degrees. Controlled rectifiers are commonly used in applications like variable speed drives due to their simple design and high efficiency.

Uploaded by

Abdullah Nasir
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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5.

Controlled Rectifier
EE307 – Power Electronics
Spring 2019
Introduction to Controlled Rectifiers
• Diode rectifiers provide fixed output voltages only
• To obtain controlled output voltages phase control thyristors are used
• Output voltage controlled using delay or firing angle of thyristor
• Thyristor turned on using gate pulse and turned off by natural commutation
• Simple, high efficiency
• Also called AC-DC converters
• Used in industrial applications like variable speed drives
Phase Controlled Converters
• Classified into two types:
• Single phase converter
• Three phase converter
• Each type can be subdivide into:
• Semi converter: one quadrant converter, one polarity of output current and voltage
• Full Converter: two quadrant converter, output voltage polarity can be both positive
or negative, but current has only one polarity
• Dual Converter: can operate in all four quadrants. Both output voltage and currents
can be either positive or negative
Phase Controlled Converters
+V Semi-Converter
Dual-Converter Positive Voltage, Positive Current
Positive and negative Voltage,
Positive and negative Current

Full-Converter
Positive and negative Voltage,
-I +I Positive Current

-V
Halfwave Controlled Rectifier with R Load
Ig = 0

OFF
At α
Ig = +ve

ON

IR
Ig = 0

OFF
Halfwave Controlled Rectifier with R Load
• In simple half wave rectifier, replace the diode with a thyristor
• When no gate signal is applied (between 0 and α), the output voltage is
zero
• SCR is in forward blocking mode
• When gate signal is applied at α, SCR remains ON between α and π
• SCR remain on till negative half cycle on input waveform
• Delay/ firing angle 𝜔𝑡 = 𝛼 (time after the input voltage starts to go
positive until thyristor is fired)
• Type of semi-converter
Average Voltage VDC
1 𝜋
𝑉𝑑𝑐 = න 𝑉𝑚 sin 𝜔𝑡 𝑑(𝜔𝑡)
2𝜋 𝛼
𝑉𝑚
𝑉𝑑𝑐 = 1 + cos 𝛼
2𝜋
The average output voltage is maximum at 𝛼 = 0
𝑉𝑚
𝑉𝑑𝑐 =
𝜋
𝑉𝑚
The output voltage can be varied from 0 to
𝜋
RMS Voltage VRMS
1/2
1 𝜋 2
𝑉𝑟𝑚𝑠 = න 𝑉𝑚 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜔𝑡 𝑑(𝜔𝑡)
2𝜋 𝛼

1/2
𝑉𝑚 1 sin 2𝛼
𝑉𝑟𝑚𝑠 = 𝜋−𝛼+
2 𝜋 2
Example 1
If a halfwave fully controlled semi-converter has a purely resistive load of R
and the delay angle is 𝛼 = 𝜋Τ2, determine:
(a) the rectification efficiency
(b) the form factor
(c) the ripple factor
(d) the TUF
(e) the peak inverse voltage (PIV) of 𝑇1
• 𝑉𝑑𝑐 = 0.1592𝑉𝑚 Rectification efficiency: Form Factor:
• 𝐼𝑑𝑐 = 0.1592𝑉𝑚ൗ𝑅 𝑃𝑑𝑐 𝑉𝑟𝑚𝑠
𝝶= = 20.27% 𝐹𝐹 = = 222.1%
𝑉𝑑𝑐
(0.1592𝑉𝑚 )2ൗ 𝑃𝑎𝑐
• 𝑃𝑑𝑐 = 𝑅
TUF: Ripple Factor:
𝑃𝑑𝑐 0.15922
• 𝑉𝑟𝑚𝑠 = 0.3536𝑉𝑚 𝑇𝑈𝐹 = =
𝑉𝑠 𝐼𝑠 0.707 × 0.3536 𝑅𝐹 = 𝐹𝐹 2 − 1
0.3536𝑉𝑚 RF = 198.3%
• 𝐼𝑟𝑚𝑠 = ൗ𝑅 = 0.1014
(0.3536𝑉𝑚 )2ൗ 1
• 𝑃𝑎𝑐 = 𝑅 𝑇𝑈𝐹
= 9.86
Full-wave Controlled Rectifier with R Load
• During +ve HC, T1 and T4 are forward biased, turn on when gate pulse is
given at 𝜔𝑡 = 𝛼 and input voltage is applied to load
• During –ve HC, T2 and T3 are forward biased, turn on at 𝜔𝑡 = 𝛼 + 𝜋 and
input voltage applied to load
• Load receives voltage during both half cycles
• Average value of output can be varied by altering the firing angle 𝛼

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