COMPUTER APPLICATION FOR BUSINESS

NAME: PRAYAS SARKAR

SECTION: E
ASSIGNMENT
1. Convert the following numbers from the given base to the base
indicated:
i) Decimal 2253.225 to Binary, Octal & Hexadecimal.
Answer:
Binary Conversion
Integral Part=2253 and Fractional Part=0.225
Conversion of Integral Part
2253 / 2 = 1126 remainder 1 (Least Significant Bit)
1126 / 2 = 563 remainder 0
563 / 2 = 281 remainder 1
281 / 2 = 140 remainder 1
140 / 2 = 70 remainder 0
70 / 2 = 35 remainder 0
35 / 2 = 17 remainder 1
17 / 2 = 8 remainder 1
8/2=4 remainder 0
4/2=2 remainder 0
2/2=1 remainder 0
1/2=0 remainder 1 (Most Significant Bit)
(100011001101)₂
Conversion Of Fractional Part
0.225 × 2 = 0.45 first binary digit will be 0
0.45 × 2 = 0.9 second binary digit will be 0
0.9 × 2 = 1.8 third binary digit will be 1
So (2253.225)₁₀ = (100011001101.001)₂
 Octal Conversion:-
Conversion of Integral part
2253 / 8 = 281 remainder 5(Least Significant Bit)
281 / 8 = 35 remainder 1
35 / 8 = 4 remainder 3
4/8=0 remainder 4(Most Significant Bit)
(4315)₈
Conversion of fractional part
0.225 × 8 = 1.8 first octal digit right to the decimal point will be 1
So (2253.225)₁₀ = (4315.1)₈
Hexadecimal Conversion
Conversion of integral part
2253 / 16 = 140 remainder 13(D) (Least Significant Digit)
140 / 16 = 8 remainder 12(C)
8 / 16 = 0 remainder 8 (Most Significant Digit)
(8CD)₁₆
Conversion of fractional part
0.225 × 16 = 3.6 first hexadecimal digit right to the decimal point will be 3
So (2253.225)₁₀ = (8CD.3)₁₆
ii) Hexadecimal 2AC5.E to Decimal, Octal & Binary
Answer: Decimal Conversion
(2AC5.E)₁₆
=(2×16³+10×16²+12×16¹+5×16⁰ +14×16⁻¹)₁₀
=(10949.875)₁₀
Octal Conversion
(2AC5.E)₁₆
=(0010 1010 1100 0101.1110)₈
=(000 010 101 011 000 101.111 000)₈
=(025305.70)₈
 Binary Conversion
(2AC5.E)₁₆
=(0010101011000101.1110)₂
2. Distinguish between Application Software & System Software.
Answer:

Application Software System Software

1.Application Software is used by user to 1.System Software is used for operating
perform specific task. computer software.
2.Application Softwares are installed 2.System Softwares are installed on the
according to user’s requirements. computer when operating system is
installed.
3.Application Software designed to 3.System Software designed to provide a
perform a group of co-ordinated platform to other software.
functions, tasks or activities for the
benefit of the user.
4.Developed using languages like Java, C, 4.Developed using languages like C, C++,
C++,Visual Basic. Assembly.
5.Not extremely important for the 5.Essential for the proper functioning of a
functioning of the system. system.
6.Examples: Word Processor, 6.Operating System, Language Processors
Spreadsheet, Presentation Software, Web and Device Drivers.
Browsers, Graphics Software.

3. What is RAM? Compare SRAM & DRAM.

Answer:
1st Part:
RAM( Random Access Memory) is a part of computer’s Main Memory which is directly
accessible by CPU. RAM is used to Read and Write data into it which is accessed by CPU
randomly. RAM is used to store the data that is currently processed by the CPU. Most of
the programs and data that are modifiable are stored in RAM.
2nd Part:
RAM chips are available in two form:
i)SRAM(Static RAM)
ii)DRAM(Dynamic RAM)

SRAM DRAM
1.SRAM has lower access time, so it is 1.DRAM has higher access time, so it is
faster compared to DRAM. slower than SRAM.
2.SRAM is costlier than DRAM. 2.Dram costs less compared to SRAM.
 3.SRAM requires constant power supply, 3.DRAM offers reduced power
which means this type of money consumption, due to the fact that the
consumes more power. information is stored in the capacitor.
4.Due to Complex Internal Circuitry, less 4.Due to the Small Internal Circuitry in the
storage capacity is available compared to one-bit memory cell of DRAM, the large
the same physical size of DRAM memory storage capacity is available.
chip.
5.SRAM has low packaging density. 5.DRAM has high packaging density.

4. Prove that: A’(A+B)+(B+AA) (A+B’)= A+B using Laws of Boolean Algebra and also
with Truth Table.
Answer:
A’(A+B)+(B+AA)(A+B’)=A+B
 A’(A+B)+(B+A)(A+B) ( since AA=A)
 A’A+A’B+BA+BB’+AA+AB’
 0+A’B+BA+0+A+AB’ (since A’A=BB’=0 and AA=A)
 A’B+BA+A+AB’
 B(A+A’)+A(1+B’)
 B+A (since A+A’=1 and 1+B’=1)

TRUTH TABLE:-

A B A’ B A+B A’(A+B B+A A+B’ (B+AA)(A+B’) A’(A+B)+(B+AA) A+B

’ ) A (A+B’)
0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1
1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1

So A’(A+B)+(B+AA)(A+B’)=(A+B)

5. Differentiate between Multi Programming & Multi Processing.

Answer:

Multi Programming Multi Processing

1.Multiprogramming keeps several 1.Multiprocessing refers to processing
programs in main memory at the same of multiple processes at same time by
time and execute them concurrently multiple CPUs.
utilizing single CPU.
 2.It utilizes single CPU. 2.It utilizes multiple CPUs.
3.Context switching takes place. 3.It permits parallel processing.
4.More time taken to process the jobs. 4.Less time taken to process the jobs.
5.Less efficient than multiprocessing. 5.It facilitates much efficient utilization
of devices of the computer system.
6.Such systems are less expensive. 6.Usually more expensive.

6. Briefly discuss the functions of TCP and IP Protocol.

Answer:
TCP/IP functionality is divided into four layers, each of which include specific protocols.
The Application Layer provides applications with standardized data exchange. Its
protocols include the Hypertext Transfer Protocol(HTTP), File Transfer Protocol(FTP),
Post Office Protocol 3(POP3), Simple Mail Transfer Protocol(SMTP) and Simple Network
Management Protocol(SNMP).

The Transport Layer is responsible for maintaining end-to-end communications across

the network. TCP handles communications between hosts and provides flow control,
multiplexing and reliability. The transport protocols include TCP and User Datagram
Protocol, which is sometimes used instead of TCP for special purposes.

The Network Layer, also called the Internet Layer, deals with packets and connects
independent networks to transport the packets across network boundaries. The
network layer protocols are the IP and the Internet Control Message Protocol(ICMP),
which is used for error reporting.

The Physical Layer consists of protocols that operate only on a link-the network
component that interconnects nodes or hosts in the network. The protocols in this layer
include Ethernet for local area networks and the Address Resolution Protocol.