ISSN (Print) : 2320 – 3765

ISSN (Online): 2278 – 8875

International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical,

Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering
(A High Impact Factor, Monthly, Peer Reviewed Journal)

Website: www.ijareeie.com

Vol. 7, Issue 4, April 2018

Protection of 3 Phase Induction Motor using

Microcontroller
Prof. Dushyant Patil1, Siddharth Divekar2, Ajit Kumar3
Assistant Professor, Dept. of Electrical Engg, D.Y.Patil College of Engg (DIT), Pune, India1
Dept. of Electrical Engg, D.Y.Patil College of Engg (DIT), Pune, India 2, 3

ABSTRACT: Three-phase induction motors are industry’s workhorses and widely used as electromechanical energy
conversion devices. Although induction machines are considered relatively reliable and robust due to their simple
design and well-developed manufacturing technologies, failures do occur and may severely disrupt industrial processes
and even lead to disastrous accidents. To prevent these failure happen, many techniques have been developed for early
condition monitoring. The computer based protection methods are costlier and the electrical parameters cannot be
visualized by Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) based method. The old classical methods are complex. Hence to
protect an Induction motor easily, a microcontroller based fault detection and protection of Induction motor is
proposed. This paper tends to develop for protection of three phase induction motor from over voltage, over current,
temperature, Vibration sensing unit. The proposed system is tested with the setting of various preset values of
parameters. From the results, it is observed that the results are satisfactory, reliable, gives quick response, cost effective
and highly versatile.

KEYWORDS: Fault, Microcontroller, Protection, Sensing Circuit and Three Phase Induction Motor.

I. INTRODUCTION

The main concept of the project is to develop an induction motor protection system for protecting the motors
from any damages occurring from single phasing, over current and over voltage. The induction motors are predominant
in industrial applications. Thus this project helps to provide protection to the industrial motors if any of the phases
misses out of the three phases, or if the voltage of the motor exceeds the threshold value.
The proposed system uses three-phase power supply where in three single-phase transformers are connected to
it. The system has a set of op-amps used as comparators for comparing input voltages. The motor is operated by
switching the main relay, which is operated by other set of relays by sensing single phasing and over /under voltage,
over/under current conditions. The project in feature can be enhanced by using current sensors for overload protection
and phase-sequence sensor for protecting the motor from applying wrong phase sequence.
A large number of motors are being used for general purposes in our surrounding from house- hold equipment
to machine tools in industrial facilities. The electric motor is now a necessary and indispensable source of power in
many industries. Three phase induction motor generally suffers from under voltage, over voltage, overheating, single
phasing and phase reversal problems. Due to this electrical fault the winding of motor get heated which lead to
insulation failure and thus reduce the life time of motor. When the three phase induction motor supply with higher
voltage than is rated then induction motor starts overheated. This fault is generated in induction motor due to variation
in induction motor parameters. When three phase induction motor runs continuously, it is necessary to protect the
motor from these anticipated faults.
The rest of the paper is organized as follows. Section II discusses literature survey. Section III describes our
proposed system. Section IV introduces the flowchart of system, and section V concludes this paper.

Copyright to IJAREEIE DOI:10.15662/IJAREEIE.2018.0704032 1733

 ISSN (Print) : 2320 – 3765
ISSN (Online): 2278 – 8875

International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical,

Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering
(A High Impact Factor, Monthly, Peer Reviewed Journal)

Website: www.ijareeie.com

Vol. 7, Issue 4, April 2018

II.LITERATURE SURVEY

Different alternatives to detect and diagnose faults in induction machines have been proposed and
implemented in the last years. These new alternatives are characterized by an on-line and non-invasive feature, that is
to say, the capacity to detect faults while the machine is working and the capacity to work sensor less [1]. Although
induction machines are considered relatively reliable and robust due to their simple design and well-developed
manufacturing technologies, failures do occur and may severely disrupt industrial processes and even lead to disastrous
accidents. To prevent these failure happen, many techniques have been developed for early condition monitoring. The
computer based protection methods are costlier and the electrical parameters cannot be visualized by Programmable
Logic Controller (PLC) based method [2].
This paper is for monitoring the speed, torque and protection of three phase induction motor from overload by
implementing ZigBee based wireless sensor network. The design of the system maintains security, provides high
reliability and is susceptible to many types of faults [3]. The main aim of this project is to detect faults of three phases
IM and control the faults. This project deals with speed control of Induction Motor. The three phase induction motor
may experience many incipient faults due to various reasons. So the protection of these motors from such faults is very
important. The various faults are over-voltage/current, under-voltage/current, overload, single phasing, speed variation,
over-temperature etc [4]. In this paper, they present the Induction motor easily, a microcontroller based fault detection
and protection of Induction motor is proposed. This paper tends to develop for protection of three phase induction
motor from temperature by using temperature sensor and also use of single phase to three phase convertor circuit to
prevent from over voltage and under voltage, over current, over speed, Line frequency and phase failure [5].

III.PROPOSED SYSTEM

Fig 3: Block diagram of system

3.1Block diagram Description
The block diagram of proposed system is above shown. It consists of different units such as over voltage
protection unit, overloads current protection unit, Vibration Sensing Unit, temperature sensing unit, control unit, voice
recorder and speaker, relay circuit and Liquid Crystal display (LCD). In the proposed system variable resistance
(preset) is used for adjusting reference voltages for different parameters such as over voltage, over current, over
temperature. The values are set for the max. 430v, current 7.1amp, temperature50ºC.

Copyright to IJAREEIE DOI:10.15662/IJAREEIE.2018.0704032 1734

 ISSN (Print) : 2320 – 3765
ISSN (Online): 2278 – 8875

International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical,

Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering
(A High Impact Factor, Monthly, Peer Reviewed Journal)

Website: www.ijareeie.com

Vol. 7, Issue 4, April 2018

If the value of any parameter goes beyond the reference value than the relay unit releases the contact of the
motor from the circuit. Hence the motor automatically turned–off. This is how the Induction Motor can be protected
easily from the faults using this microcontroller based protection system. This system can be tested with various
different rated Induction Motors.

1) AVR Microcontroller:

The AVR has Harvard Architecture where program and data memory are separately placed with an 8-bit RISC
single chip microcontroller. It is the heart of the agricultural robot here. It is one of the first microcontroller families to
use on-chip flash memory for program storage while other controllers used programmable ROM, EPROM or
EEPROM. RISC-Reduced Instruction Set Computing, this is a CPU designed strategy based on the insight that
simplified instruction can provide higher performance. AVR is most appropriate for battery powered appliances. The
main advantages of using this ATmega32 are its 8-bit high performance with low power consumption and that it is
based on enhanced RISC architecture with 131 powerful instructions of which most of the instructions execute in one
machine cycle.

Highly Developed RISC Architecture:

 131 Efficient and Powerful Instructions
 Most Execution in 1(Single) Clock Cycle
 32 x 8 Working Registers for General Purpose
 Completely Static Operation

2) ACS712 current sensor:

This is a breakout board for the fully integrated linear ACS712 current sensor. The sensor gives precise
current measurement for both AC and DC signals. Thick copper conductor and signal traces allows for survival of the
device up to 5 times over current conditions. The ACS712 outputs an analog voltage output signal that varies linearly
with sensed current. ACS712 is based on Hall detection principle; please try to avoid the magnetic field, when using as
it may impact the reading accuracy.

3) Relay:
A relay is an electrically operated switch. Many relays use an electromagnet to mechanically drive a switch,
but added operating principles also are used, such as solid-state relays. Relays are employed where it is essential to
switch a circuit through an independent low power signal, or when many circuits must be switched by a single signal.
Initially relays were installed in long distance telegraph circuits as amplifiers: these relays repeated the signal entering
in from a circuit and re-sending it to a different circuit.

4) Vibration Sensor:
The SW18010P, SW18015P, SW18020P, etc Vibration sensors are effectively just a delicate spring with a
sturdy piece of metal in the middle. When moved, the spring wobbles around and touches the metal, momentarily
making contact. These are very useful little devices as they draw absolutely no power. They could easily be used in
something like a toy, causing it to be activated when shaken, but otherwise not causing the battery to run down.

5) LCD Display:-
LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) screen is an electronic display module and find a wide range of applications. A
16x2 LCD display is very basic module and is very commonly used in various devices and circuits. A 16x2 LCD
means it can display 16 characters per line and there are 2 such lines. In this LCD each character is displayed in 5x7
pixel matrix. This LCD has two registers, namely, Command and Data.

Copyright to IJAREEIE DOI:10.15662/IJAREEIE.2018.0704032 1735

 ISSN (Print) : 2320 – 3765
ISSN (Online): 2278 – 8875

International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical,

Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering
(A High Impact Factor, Monthly, Peer Reviewed Journal)

Website: www.ijareeie.com

Vol. 7, Issue 4, April 2018

IV.FLOWCHART

Fig. 4.1 Flowchart of system

V.CONCLUSION

Protection of three phase induction motor from over/ under voltage, over current, over speed, temperature,
frequency and phase failure provide the smooth running of motor which also improves its lifetime and efficiency. To
make induction motor run efficiently and to protect it from various faults, different sensing circuits have been designed.
All sensor information will be display on LCD display and also update the actual value such as current, voltage and
temperature.

REFERENCES

[1] Malik Abadurazzaq Alsaedi. ―Fault Diagnosis of Three-Phase Induction Motor: A Review‖. Optics. Special Issue: Applied Optics and Signal
Processing. Vol. 4, No. 1-1, 2015, pp. 1-8. doi: 10.11648/j.optics.s.2015 040101.11
[2] S.Assly Steffy, B.mangaiyarkarasi, S.Sherin Jasper, K.Priyanka, K.Soorya ―An Improvement in Winding Protection of Three Phase Induction
Machine Using Solid State Relays‖. International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer and Communication Engineering Vol. 3, Issue 2,
February 2014
[3] P.E. Elavenil , Dr. R. Kalaivani ―Speed Monitoring And Protection Of Motor Using Zigbee Communication‖ .International Journal of
Scientific Research Engineering & Technology (IJSRET) Volume 2 Issue 11, February 2014.
[4] Ms. Patil Smita Jaywant, Mr. Patil Sachin sambhaji and Ms.Patil Pragati Deepak ―Fault Detection and Correction of 3-phase Induction
Motor‖. International Journal of Advanced Research in Electronics and Communication Engineering (IJARECE) Volume 3, Issue 8, August
2014.
[5] Sumit Narwade, Prasad Kulkarni and C.Y.Patil ―Fault Detection of Induction Motor UsingCurrent and Vibration Monitoring‖. International
Journal of Advanced Computer Volume-3 Number-4 Issue-13 December-2013.
[6] K.K.Pandey, P.H.Zope, S.R.Suralkar, ―Review on Fault Diagnosis in Three-Phase Induction Motor.‖ International Journal of Computer
Applications (IJCA) 2012.
[7] Oscar Poncelas, Javier A. Rosero, Jordi Cusidó, Member, IEEE, ―Motor Fault Detection Using a Rogowski Sensor without an Integrator‖.
IEEE Transactions On Industrial Electronics, Vol. 56, No. 10, October 2009
[8] Ramazan Bayindir, Ibrahim Sefa, Ilhami Colak and Askin Bektas ―Fault Detection and Protection of Induction Motors Using Sensors‖. IEEE
Transactions on Energy Conversion,Vol. 23, No. 3, September 2008
[9] Neelam Mehala, Ratna Dahiya ―Motor Current Signature Analysis and its Applications In Induction Motor Fault Diagnosis‖
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS APPLICATIONS, ENGINEERING & DEVELOPMENT Volume 2, Issue 1, 2007

Copyright to IJAREEIE DOI:10.15662/IJAREEIE.2018.0704032 1736