Assignment Hydro

Assignment 2
CHAPTERS: Geometric Design of Highway, Hill Road, Introduction to bridge, Highway repair and
maintenance
Geometric Design
1. Define Stopping sight distance. Explain the factors affecting stopping sight distance. Derive the
expression for stopping sight distance.
2. Define Super elevation. Explain the methods of introducing super elevation with neat sketches.
3. Discuss about PIEV theory with diagram.
4. What are the importances of highway geometric design? Critically discuss the various factors
that affect geometric design of road.
5. Define Super elevation. Derive an expression for Super elevation.
6. Define transition curve and its necessity in horizontal alignment. Describe the different methods
of designing the length of transition curve.
7. Derive an expression for finding the super elevation required if the design coefficient of friction
is ‘f’. Describe briefly the various methods of providing super elevation with sketches.
8. List out the elements of road cross section with neat sketch.
9. Define Camber. List out the function of Camber and also write about magnitude of camber for
different roads
10. Explain summit and valley curves and the various cases when these are formed while two
different gradients meet.
11. Define Intersection. Describe At grade and grade separated intersection with sketches.
12. Define rotary intersection. Draw the sketch of rotary intersection showing all the components.
Numerical:
Q.1. Calculate the minimum sight distance required to avoid head-on collision of two cars
approaching from opposite directions at 90 and 60 km/hr. Assume the reaction time of 2.5 sec,
coefficient of friction of 0.7 and brake efficiency
( hint: here effective coefficient of friction= 0.5* o.7= 0.35, because we have brake efficiency =
50%, if not mention in question its 100% and f= 0.5*1 = 0.5 , no need to multiply. Do multiply only
in case of brake efficiency is less than 100% and must be given in question)
Design speed is given different so Calculate SD1 and SD2, Total sight distance required to avoid
head on collision= SD1+ SD2= (V1 *t + (V1)2/ 2gf)+ (V2*t+ (V2)2/ 2gf) =236m check
Q.2. Calculate the stopping sight distance on a highway at a descending gradient of 2% for a design
speed of 80km/hr. Assume other data.
( Assume t=2.5 sec, f= 0.35, g= 9.8m/sec2) if not given in question)
SSD= vt+ v2/2g(f-n%), here descending (-ve gradient ) given so – ve
= 132m ans)
Q.3. Two lane roads with design speed 80km/hr has horizontal curve of radius 480m. Design the rate
of super elevation for mixed traffic. By how much the outer edge of pavement be raised with
respect to the inner edge if width of pavement at the horizontal curve is .5m.
Q.4. Design the rate of super elevation for a horizontal highway curve of radius 500m and speed
100m.
Q.5.The design speed of a highway is 80km/hr. There is a horizontal curve of radius 200m on certain
locality. Safe limit of transverse coefficient of friction is 0.15.
a. Calculate the super elevation required to maintain this speed
b. If the max super elevation of 0.07 is not to be exceeded, calculate the maximum allowable speed
on this horizontal curve as it is not possible to increase the radius.
Q.6. Calculate a. the length of transition curve and b. shift of the transition curve using the following
data:
Design speed= 65km/hr
Radius of curve= 220m
Pavement width including extra widening= 7.5m
Allowable rate of introduction of super elevation = 1 in 150
Q.7. While aligning a highway in a built up area it was necessary to provide a horizontal circular curve of
radius 325m. The design speed is 65km/hr. length of wheel base for largest truck= 6m and width of
pavement is 10.5m. Design the following geometric features.
a. Super elevation, e
b. Length of transition curve, Ls
Q.8. A vertical summit curve is formed at the intersection of two gradients+ 3% and -5%. Design the
length of summit curve to provide a stopping sight distance for a design speed of 80km/hr. Assume
other data. (Hint: L= Ns2/4.4, S= SSD , N= n1-n2= 0.08, Ans : 298m )
Q.9. An ascending gradient of 1 in 100 meets a descending gradient of 1 in 120. A summit curve is to be
designed for a speed of 80km/hr so as to have an overtaking sight distance of 470m.
Hint: You have to choose two assumptions either L>OSD or L<OSD. One of the assumption will be
correct and which is considered as answer. L= Ns2/9.6 if L> OSD and L= 2s- 9.6/N if L< OSD, Ans L<OSD
case, L= length of summit curve = 417m
Q.10. A valley curve is formed by descending grade 1 in 25 and meeting an ascending grade of 1 in 30 .
Design the length of valley curve to fulfill both comfort condition and head light sight distance
requirements for a design speed of 80 km/hr. Assume allowable rate of change of centrifugal
acceleration C= .6 m/sec3.
Introduction to Bridge
Q.1. List out the characteristics of bridge site location. Draw the neat sketch of bridge showing
its components.
Q.2. Classify highway bridges
Q.4. How can you protect the river bank? Describe soft and hard approaches for river bank
protection.
Highway Maintenance and Repair

Q.1. what is highway Maintenance? Classify and describe maintenance activities in highway.
Q.2. Explain the typical failures of flexible pavement with neat sketches?
Q.3. Explain the typical failures of rigid pavement with neat sketches?
Q.4. Explain detail the process of mud pumping with neat sketches
Q.5. Define IRI, SDI and PCI. How/why these indices can be used for maintenance planning?
Hill Road
Q.1. Explain the special considerations and challenges of hill road construction.
Q.2. List out differences for river route and ridge route location.
Q.3. Draw neat sketches of different types cross-section of hill road.
Q.4. what is gully control? Describe the techniques used in bioengineering work.
Q.5.what do you mean by River Training Works. What are the objectives of RTW?
Q.6. Define Hair Pin Bend. Derive the expression for Hair pin Bend.
Q.7. Define retaining Structures. Explain different types of retaining structures with tentative
dimension for masonry retaining wall.

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Highway Maintenance and Repair

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