(Human) : Joyce Travelbee To Human Relationship

JOYCE TRAVELBEE
(HUMAN TO HUMAN RELATIONSHIP)
Biography:
• Born in 1926.
• A psychiatric nurse, educator and writer.
• In 1956, she completed her Bachelor of Science degree in

nursing education at Louisiana State University and her Master
of Science Degree in Nursing from Yale University in 1959.
• She died at the age 47.
• In 1952, Travelbee started to be an instructor focusing on Psychiatric Nursing at Depaul

Hospital Affiliate School, New Orleans, while working on her baccalaureate degree.
• In 1970, she was named Project Director at Hotel Dieu School of Nursing in New
Orleans.
• Travelbee was the director of Graduate Education at Louisiana State University School of
Nursing until her death.
• In 1963, Travelbee started to publish various articles in nursing journals. Her first book
entitled, “Interpersonal Aspects of Nursing” and her second book, “Intervention
in Psychiatric Nursing; Process in the One-to-One Relationship”
In her human-to-human relationship model, the nurse and the patient undergoes
the following series of interactional phrase:
• ORIGINAL ENCOUNTER
-Described as the first impression by the nurse of the sick person and vice-versa. The
nurse and patient see each other in stereotyped or traditional roles.
• EMERGING IDENTITIES
-Described by the nurse and patient perceiving each other as unique individuals. At this
time, the link of relationship begins to form.
• EMPATHY
- Described as the ability to share in the person’s experience.

• SYMPATHY
-Happens when the nurse wants to lessen the cause of the patient’s suffering. It goes
beyond empathy. The nurse should use a disciplined intellectual approach together with
therapeutic use of self to make helpful nursing actions.
• RAPPORT
-Described as nursing interventions that lessens the patient’s suffering. The nurse and
the sick person are relating as human being to human being. The sick person shows
trust and confidence in the nurse.
“A nurse is able to establish rapport because she possesses the necessary knowledge and
skills acquired to assist ill persons, and because she is able to perceive, respond to, and
appreciate the uniqueness of the ill human being.”
METAPARADIGM IN NURSING:
• PERSON
-Defined as a human being. Both the nurse and the patient are human beings. A
human being is a unique, irreplaceable individual who is in the continuous process of
becoming, evolving, and changing.
• HEALTH
- Travelbee stated that health is measured by subjective and objective health. “A

person’s subjective health status is an individually defined state of well being in accord
with self-appraisal of physical-emotional-spiritual status.” Objective health is “an
absence of discerrible disease, disability, or defect as measured by physical
examination, laboratory tests, assessment by a spiritual director, or psychological
counselor.”
• ENVIRONMENT
- Was not clearly defined in Travelbee’s theory. She defined human conditions and life
experiences encountered by all men as sufferings, hope, pain and illness. These
conditions are associated to the environment.
• NURSING
- As defined by Travelbee, Nursing is “an interpersonal process whereby the professional

nurse practitioner assists an individual, family, or community to prevent or cope with the
experience of illness and suffering and, if necessary, to find meaning in these
experiences.”
- She explained that nursing is an interpersonal process because it is an experience that
occurs between the nurse and an individual or group individuals.
Overview:
• Influenced by her experiences in nursing education and practice in Catholic charity

institutions.
• She concluded that the nursing care rendered to patients in these institutions lacked
compassion. She thought that nursing care needed a “humanistic revolution” – a return
to focus on the caring function towards the ill person.
• Travelbee’s mentor, Ida Jean Orlando, is one of her influences in her theory. Orlando’s
model has similarities that Travelbee proposes.
References:

(Human) : Joyce Travelbee To Human Relationship

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JOYCE TRAVELBEE

(HUMAN TO HUMAN RELATIONSHIP)

• A psychiatric nurse, educator and writer.

• In 1956, she completed her Bachelor of Science degree in

• She died at the age 47.

• In 1952, Travelbee started to be an instructor focusing on Psychiatric Nursing at Depaul

- Described as the ability to share in the person’s experience.

- Travelbee stated that health is measured by subjective and objective health. “A

- As defined by Travelbee, Nursing is “an interpersonal process whereby the professional

• Influenced by her experiences in nursing education and practice in Catholic charity

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