Designation: D1755 − 09

Standard Specification for

Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Resins1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1755; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

1. Scope* D1243 Test Method for Dilute Solution Viscosity of Vinyl

1.1 This specification covers the establishment of require- Chloride Polymers
ments for homopolymers of vinyl chloride in original powder D1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to Plas-
form intended for subsequent mixing and processing in ther- tics
moplastic compositions. These resins have a nominal specific D1823 Test Method for Apparent Viscosity of Plastisols and
gravity of 1.4 and a theoretical chlorine content of 56.8 %. Organosols at High Shear Rates by Extrusion Viscometer
D1824 Test Method for Apparent Viscosity of Plastisols and
1.2 Two types of resin have been recognized: general Organosols at Low Shear Rates
purpose and dispersion. When mixed with the customary D1895 Test Methods for Apparent Density, Bulk Factor, and
amount of plasticizer, general-purpose resins yield a dry or Pourability of Plastic Materials
moist powder while dispersion resins yield a liquid slurry. D1921 Test Methods for Particle Size (Sieve Analysis) of
Since many resins are polymerized to meet special Plastic Materials
requirements, a system of classification has been provided that D2132 Test Method for Dust-and-Fog Tracking and Erosion
permits a wide choice of grades. Resistance of Electrical Insulating Materials
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the D2396 Test Methods for Powder-Mix Time of Poly(Vinyl
standard. Chloride) (PVC) Resins Using a Torque Rheometer
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the D3030 Test Method for Volatile Matter (Including Water) of
safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the Vinyl Chloride Resins
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- D3892 Practice for Packaging/Packing of Plastics
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. 3. Terminology
NOTE 1—This standard and ISO 1264 – 1980 address the same subject 3.1 Definitions—Definitions are in accordance with Termi-
matter, but differ in technical content (and results cannot be directly
compared between the two test methods.
nology D883 and Terminology D1600, unless otherwise indi-
cated.
2. Referenced Documents
4. Classification
2.1 ASTM Standards:2
4.1 Types—This specification covers two types of resin:
D281 Test Method for Oil Absorption of Pigments by
4.1.1 Type GP—General-purpose resins primarily intended
Spatula Rub-out
for either dry blending, preblending, or thermoplastic process-
D495 Test Method for High-Voltage, Low-Current, Dry Arc
ing.
Resistance of Solid Electrical Insulation
4.1.2 Type D—Dispersion resins primarily intended for use
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
in organosols and plastisols. As a class, these are small in
D1125 Test Methods for Electrical Conductivity and Resis-
particle size.
tivity of Water
4.2 Grades—This specification provides for as many grades
of resin as it is feasible to be selected from the possible
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on combinations of requirements in Table 1 and Table 2. A grade
Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.15 on Thermoplastic is designated by first indicating the type (GP or D), followed by
Materials.
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2009. Published February 2009. Originally cell numbers for each property in the order in which they are
approved in 1960. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D1755 - 92(2001). listed in Table 1 and Table 2. Where there is no interest in a
DOI: 10.1520/D1755-09.
2
property, a “0” is entered in place of a cell number. If it were
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [email protected]. For Annual Book of ASTM
desirable, it is acceptable to extend a cell limit by half the cell
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on range into the next higher or lower cell, but not both. When this
the ASTM website. is done, it is indicated by a dash above the cell number (n̄) if

*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard

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 D1755 − 09
TABLE 1 Type GP, General-Purpose Resin Requirements
Desig- Cell Limits
nation
Property
Order
No. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

1 Dilute solution unspecfied >0.39 >0.70 >0.75 >0.87 >0.99 >1.09 >1.19 >1.29 >1.38
(inherent) viscosity
2 Sieve analysis, unspecified 0 to 9 10 to 19 20 to 29 30 to 39 40 to 49 50 to 59 60 to 79 80 to 99 100
percent through
No. 200 (75-µm)
sieve
3 Apparent (bulk)
density:
g/1000 cm3 unspecified <144 144 to 232 233 to 328 329 to 425 426 to 520 521 to 616 617 to 712 713 to 808 $809
lb/ft3 unspecified <9.00 9.00 to 14.50 14.51 to 20.50 20.51 to 26.50 26.51 to 32.50 32.51 to 38.50 38.51 to 44.50 44.51 to 50.50 $50.51
4 Plasticizer unspecified <50 50 to 74 75 to 99 100 to 124 125 to 149 150 to 174 175 to 199 200 to 244 $225
sorption,
parts DOP phrA
5 Dry flow, unspecified ... ... <2.0 2.0 to 3.9 4.0 to 5.9 6.0 to 7.9 8.0 to 9.9 $10 ...
s/400 cm3
6 Conductivity, unspecified ... ... <6 $6 ... ... ... ... ...
max, µS/cm·g
A
phr = per 100 parts of resin.

TABLE 2 Type D, Dispersion Resin Requirements

Desig-
Cell Limits
nation
Property
Order
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
No.
1 Dilute solution unspecified <0.90 0.90 to 0.99 1.00 to 1.09 1.10 to 1.19 1.20 to 1.29 1.30 to 1.39 1.40 to 1.49 1.50 to 159 $1.60
(inherent)
viscosity
2 Brookfield viscosity unspecified 0 to 24 25 to 49 50 to 74 75 to 99 100 to 124 125 to 149 150 to 174 175 to 199 >199
(RVF), poise
3 Severs viscosity, unspecified 0 to 49 50 to 99 100 to 149 150 to 199 200 to 299 300 to 499 500 to 999 1000 to 1499 >1499
poise

the extension is into the higher cell, or a dash below (n) if into 7. Number of Tests
the lower cell. Extension of cell limits applies only to cells 7.1 One set of test specimens shall be considered sufficient
where ranges of properties are allowed and not where maxi- for testing each batch.
mum or minimum values are specified. The cell number of the
first property (dilute solution viscosity) is separated from those 8. Retest and Rejection
that follow by a dash. 8.1 If any failure occurs, the materials shall be permitted to
4.3 Inherent Viscosity Cell Number—When selecting the be retested to establish conformity in accordance with an
inherent viscosity cell number, the number shall cover the full agreement between the purchaser and the supplier.
inherent viscosity production range for the specific product. A
resin with an inherent viscosity of 1.07 to 1.11 production TEST METHODS
range would have a 5 cell number. A resin with an inherent 9. Dilute Solution Viscosity
viscosity of 1.10 to 1.14 production range would have a 6 cell
number 9.1 Test Method D1243.
10. Apparent (Bulk) Density
5. General Requirements
10.1 Test Methods D1895.
5.1 The resin shall be in powder form.
5.2 The resin shall conform to the requirements of Table 1 11. Sieve Analysis
or Table 2, as specified by the type and grade designation 11.1 Test Method D1921.
agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier.
NOTE 3—Specifications for sieve analysis (Table 1) are primarily
NOTE 2—It is possible that properties not covered, such as heat stability, intended to control fines.
color, and volatile loss, are also important for application performance in
compounds. 12. Brookfield Viscosity
12.1 Test Method D1824. Take readings using a Brookfield
6. Sampling RVF viscometer at 20 r/min with a No. 6 spindle. Prepare the
6.1 Sample using a statistically acceptable procedure. plastisol sample as follows:

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 D1755 − 09
12.1.1 Plasticizer—Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DOP).
12.1.2 Apparatus:
12.1.2.1 Mixer, planetary-gear type, equipped with flat
beater mixing paddle.
12.1.2.2 Vacuum Desiccator, capable of being evacuated to
133 Pa (1 mm Hg).
12.1.3 Procedure:
12.1.3.1 Condition the mixing bowl and materials to 236
1°C. Weigh 500 6 0.5 g of resin into the mixing bowl. Weigh
300 6 0.5 g of plasticizer and add it directly on top of the resin
in the mixing bowl. Hand mix with the flat beater for 1 min.
12.1.3.2 Mount the bowl on the mixer and mix for 5 min at
the No. 1 speed. Stop the mixer and scrape down the sides of
the bowl and the beater. Resume mixing at the No. 2 speed for
an additional 15 min. Note and record the temperature of the
plastisol immediately after mixing. The temperature rise must
not exceed 5°C. Use a cooling bath if necessary.
12.1.3.3 Place the mixing bowl in the desiccator, evacuate
to 133 Pa (1 mm Hg), and allow it to remain in the desiccator
for an additional 10 min after the foam collapses. Consider the
time in the desiccator as part of the normal aging period. Take
care to ensure that the plastisol does not overflow the container
during evacuation.

13. Severs Viscosity

13.1 Test Method D1823. Determinations shall be made
through a 3.17 6 0.13-mm (0.125 6 0.005-in.) diameter orifice
at a gas pressure of 0.69 MPa (100 psi). The plastisol sample
shall be prepared in accordance with 12.1.1 – 12.1.3.

14. Electrical Conductivity of Water Extract

14.1 Definitions—See the Definitions Section of Test Meth-
ods D1125.
14.2 Summary of Test Method—This test is intended to
distinguish between electrical and nonelectrical grades of
unprocessed resin. In general, the test will not detect relatively
small differences among different lots of electrical grade resin.
A water dispersion of the resin is boiled for a short time and the
electrical conductivity of the solution measured. The conduc-
FIG. 1 Dip Cell for Electrical Conductivity Test
tivity of the water extract results from ionic impurities in the
resin that adversely affect its use for electrical insulation.
Electrical grade resins generally yield conductivity values less 14.4.1 High-Purity Water—Water having a conductivity not
than 6 µS/cm·g. greater than 1.0 µS/cm, prepared in accordance with Test
14.3 Apparatus: Method D2132.
14.3.1 A-C Wheatstone Bridge, having a range up to NOTE 4—It is also possible to obtain a high-purity water by passing
250 000Ω , a 100 6 50-Hz oscillator and a sensitive null point ordinary distilled water through a dual-bed ion exchange column packed
indicator with minimum accuracy of 6 2 %. with an appropriate resin.
14.3.2 Dip Cell, having platinum electrodes and a cell 14.4.2 Isopropyl Alcohol, ACS reagent grade.
constant of about 0.1 cm−1, similar to the one shown in Fig. 1. 14.5 Procedure:
The cell shall be prepared and calibrated in accordance with 14.5.1 Place a resin sample weighing 2.00 6 0.01 g in a
Test Method D495. 250-mL Erlenmeyer flask that has previously been rinsed twice
14.3.3 Thermometer, equivalent to or better than ASTM with boiling, high-purity water. Add 5.0 6 0.5 mL of isopropyl
Partial Immersion Thermometer, having a range from −20 alcohol to the sample, and swirl the mixture until the resin is
to +150°C and conforming to the requirements for Thermom- uniformly wet. Add 1006 1 mL of boiling, high-purity water,
eter 1C in accordance with Specifications E1. set a watch glass on top of the flask, and boil gently for 5 min.
14.3.4 Electric Hot Plate. Cool rapidly to 23 6 1°C. Allow the resin to settle, and then
14.4 Reagents: place the dip cell in the flask so that the electrodes are

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 D1755 − 09
where:
L = cell constant,
R2 = resistance, Ω, of extract solution,
R3 = resistance, Ω, of blank, and
m = sample weight, g.
14.6 Report—Report the average of duplicate determina-
tions of electrical conductivity in µS/cm·g of sample.
14.7 Precision and Bias—The precision of the test method,
calculated by analysis of the round-robin data from four
laboratories, is as follows:
14.7.1 Repeatability—Coefficient of variation (average of
replicates) within a laboratory of 14.7 %.
14.7.2 Reproducibility—Coefficient of variation (average of
replicates) between laboratories of 17.2 %.

15. Plasticizer Sorption

15.1 Scope—This test method covers the measurement of
the amount of plasticizer that a resin can absorb at the standard
laboratory temperature. Plasticizer sorption is one of the
FIG. 2 Dip Cell Immersed in Flask parameters for judging the dry blending properties of a resin.
This test method is similar in many respects to that employed
in Test Method D281.
15.2 Apparatus:
completely immersed, as shown in Fig. 2. Measure the resis- 15.2.1 Platform Scales or Balance, 0.01-g accuracy.
tance on the most sensitive scale of the bridge after 30-s 15.2.2 Glass or Glazed Porcelain Plate, 254 by 254 by 6.4
immersion. Perform determinations in duplicate. mm (10 by 10 by 0.25 in.), minimum.
14.5.2 Between measurements, rinse the cell thoroughly in 15.2.3 Spatula, with width and shape to fit mold cavity (see
high-purity water and gently shake off any water clinging to the Fig. 3).
surface.
15.2.4 Dropping Bottle, 60-mL capacity.
14.5.3 Blank—Make duplicate parallel determinations using
15.2.5 Mold, aluminum or brass, as shown in Fig. 3.
5 mL of isopropyl alcohol and 100 mL of high-purity water.
14.5.4 Calculation—Calculate the electrical conductivity of 15.3 Plasticizer—Di(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate (DOP).
the extract solution as follows: 15.4 Conditioning—Determine plasticizer sorption at the
Electrical conductivity, µS/cm·g 5 @ ~ L/R 2 2 L/R 3 ! /m # 3 10 6 Standard Laboratory Temperature of 23 6 1°C.

FIG. 3 Mold for Plasticizer Sorption Test

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 D1755 − 09
15.5 Procedure—Weigh 5 6 0.01 g of resin and transfer it dry resins will develop static changes that will impede flow; damp resin
to the plate. Obtain the gross weight, to the nearest 0.01 g of will coalesce.
the dropping bottle about half full of DOP. Begin adding the 16.2 Significance—The dry flow of a resin as determined by
DOP to the resin in 1-mL increments, using the spatula for this test is particularly significant in conjunction with plasti-
mixing after each. When 4 mL have been added, change the cizer sorption for predicting the hopper feeding characteristics
rate to two drops at a time, making consistency determinations of dry blended resin-plasticizer compounds.
until the end point is reached. This is done by filling the mold, 16.3 Apparatus:
as it rests on the plate, with the mixture and then sliding the 16.3.1 Metal Funnel and Cup—See the Apparatus Section
spatula under the charge. Lift the charge above the mold cavity in Test Methods D1895.
with the spatula horizontal, and then rotate the blade to a 16.3.2 Stop Watch.
vertical position. The end point is reached when the mixture
first slides off the blade. At this point, reweigh the dropping 16.4 Procedure—Put enough resin in the funnel so as to fill
bottle and its contents. Make duplicate determinations. the cup to overflowing. Allow the resin to run into the cup.
Level the resin in the cup. Close the small end of the funnel
NOTE 5—Return the mix portions used for consistency determinations with the hand or a suitable flat strip of metal and pour the resin
to the main mix for each subsequent addition of plasticizer until the end
point is reached.
from the cup into the funnel. Quickly open the bottom of the
funnel and start the stop watch at the same instant. Time the
15.6 Calculation—Calculate the plasticizer sorption as fol- resin as it passes through the funnel. Repeat the procedure
lows: twice, using a different portion of resin for each determination.
Plasticizer sorption, parts of DOP per 100
16.5 Report—Report the average flow time in seconds for
parts of resin by weight 5 ~ W 0 2 W 1 ! 3 20
duplicate determinations.
where: 16.6 Precision and Bias—The precision of the test method,
W0 = original weight of dropping bottle and DOP, and calculated by analysis of the round-robin data from seven
W1 = final weight of dropping bottle and DOP. laboratories, is as follows:
15.7 Report—Report the parts of DOP per 100 parts of resin 16.6.1 Repeatability—Coefficient of variation (average of
by weight for the average of duplicate determinations. replicates) within a laboratory of 4.3 %.
16.6.2 Reproducibility—Coefficient of variation (average of
15.8 Precision and Bias—The precision of the test method,
replicates) between laboratories of 6.6 %.
calculated by analysis of round-robin data from six
laboratories, is as follows: 17. Packaging and Package Marking
15.8.1 Repeatability—Coefficient of variation (average of
17.1 Packaging—The material shall be packaged in stan-
replicates) within a laboratory of 2.1 %.
dard commercial containers, so constructed as to ensure
15.8.2 Reproducibility—Coefficient of variation (average of
acceptance by common or other carriers for safe transportation
replicates) between laboratories of 5.0 %.
at the lowest rate to the point of delivery, unless otherwise
16. Dry Flow specified in the contract or order.
16.1 Summary of Test Method—The dry flow characteristics 17.2 Package Marking—Unless otherwise agreed upon be-
of powdered resins bear a complex relationship to particle tween the purchaser and the supplier, shipping containers shall
shape, structure, and size distribution. One way of measuring be marked with the name of the material, type and grade
the flow is by measuring the time for a prescribed volume of designation, quantity contained therein, and, as defined by the
resin to flow through a standard funnel. The funnel orifice must contract or order under which the shipment is made, the name
be large enough to permit continuous flow of dry resins without of the supplier and number of the contract or order.
bridging. The volatile content of the resin shall be within 6 17.3 All packing, packaging, and marking provisions of
50 % of the average specified by the manufacturer (see Test Practice D3892 shall apply to this specification.
Method D3030).
18. Keywords
NOTE 6—Resins of abnormally high or abnormally low moisture
content will exhibit reduced nonuniform flow. It is possible that extremely 18.1 poly(vinyl chloride); vinyl chloride homopolymer

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 D1755 − 09
SUMMARY OF CHANGES

Committee D20 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue
(D1755 - 92(2001)) that may impact the use of this standard. (February 1, 2009)

(1) Updated ISO equivalency statement, in accordance with (8) Removed D1249 reference from 15.3.
D4968, in Note 1. (9) Removed non-mandatory language from 16.1.
(2) Removed reference to deleted standards D1249, D1705, (10) Revised Table 1.
D1898, and D2873. (11) Deleted Tables 3 and 4.
(3) Removed non-mandatory language from 4.2 and added 4.3. (12) Reworded Notes 2, 3, 6, 7, and 8.
(4) Removed D1898 reference from 6.1. (13) Deleted Note 4.
(5) Removed D1898 reference from 7.1. (14) Removed Footnotes 2, 3, 10, 11, 12, 13, and 14.
(6) Removed non-mandatory language from 8.1. (15) Removed any Mercury reference.
(7) Removed D1249 reference from 12.1.1.

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