Baby Jane S.
Espejon July 25, 2018
BEEd IV-B
Activity 1
Research Break
1. What are the significant events that have shaped the history of special
education in the last century?
a. In the early 1900’s until 1949
(1922) Council for Exceptional Children
The International Council for the Education of Exceptional Children
is organized by a group of administrators and supervisors attending the
summer session at Teachers College, Columbia University, and their
faculty members on August 10, 1922. The Council begins with 12
members. By 1918 all States have mandated compulsory education.
(1940) Beginning of the modern Special Education Movement
& National Foundation for the Blind & American Federation of the
Physically Handicapped
This decade is considered the beginning of the modern Special
Education Movement. During World War II, many young soldiers
sustained injuries that resulted in lifelong disabilities. The need for
educational and employment opportunities and services for these
young men created legislation that would precede Special Education
legislation. *National Foundation for the Blind is formed and advocate
for white cane laws and input from the blind on a variety of programs.
*American Federation of the Physically Handicapped is formed-
advocated for the end-of-job discrimination.
b. The third quarter of the century
(1968) Elementary and Secondary Education Act Amendments
of 1968
Established programs to improve special education $100,000 was
provided as the base for the state allotment and Private non-profit
agencies added as eligible local grant recipients
(1972) The equal protection argument to students with
disabilities. The courts take the position that children with disabilities
have an equal right to access education as their non-disabled peers.
Although there is no existing federal law that mandates this stance,
some students begin going to school as a result of these court
decisions
(1973) Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 is enacted
into statute. This national law protects qualified individuals from
discrimination based on their disability.
(1975) The Education for All Handicapped Children Act
(EAHCA) is enacted. This was also known as P.L. 94142. Before
1975, children with disabilities were mostly denied an education solely
on the basis of their disabilities. EAHCA, along with some key
Supreme Court cases, mandated all school districts to educate
students with disabilities. Today we know this law as the Individuals
with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA).
(1977) The final federal regulations of EAHCA are released. It
Provide a set of rules in which school districts must adhere to when
providing an education to students with disabilities.
(1986) The EAHCA is amended with the addition of the
Handicapped Children’s Protection Act. This amendment makes
clear that students and parents have rights under EAHCA (now IDEA)
and Section 504.
c. The last thirty years
(1990) The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) is enacted.
(1990) The EAHCA is amended and is now called the Individuals
with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA).
(1997) IDEA reauthorized. This amendment calls for students with
disabilities to be included in on state and district-wide assessments.
Also, Regular Education Teachers are now required to be a member of
the IEP team.
(2001) No Child Left Behind is enacted. This law calls for all
students, including students with disabilities, to be proficient in math
and reading by the year 2010.
2. What is the importance of legislation in the development and sustenance of
special education programs?
It serves as a tool for ensuring that people with disabilities have access
to the same rights and opportunities as everybody else. The legislation in the
development and sustenance of special education programs really helps
children who need it. Public schools nowadays shall design an independent
Individualized Education Program, which is to be implemented in the Least
Restrictive Environment for the benefit of the child. The program in itself is
unique and is written down so as to provide qualifying children/students with
the services that they would need to overcome hindrances while learning.
3. Enumerate the laws that pertain to:
a. Inclusion of children with special needs in all programs and concerns of
the Government
No Child Left Behind
The Elementary and Secondary Education Act or the No Child Left
Behind Act as it is popularly known as, came into existence in 2001
and called for schools to be held accountable for the academic
performance of every child, whether with disability or not.
b. Education of children with special needs
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)
The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, or IDEA, was
created in 1990 and is a modification of the Education for All Handicapped
Children Act. This law ensures that special needs students receive
appropriate free public education in the least restrictive environment
necessary to meet those students’ needs. It helps students receive the
extra assistance they need but allows them to participate in the same
activities as children without special needs whenever possible.
c. Participation of home, parents and the community in special education
activities
Individualized Education Programs
The IDEA maintains that parents and teachers of children who
qualify for special education must develop an Individualized Education
Program, or IEP, that helps establish specific education for a child’s
explicit needs. This requires caregivers to meet initially to determine a
child’s eligibility for an IEP and to come together annually to develop and
assess the educational plan.
d. Commemoration of significant events
Students with Disabilities and Postsecondary School
The 1973 Rehabilitation Act and 1990 Americans with Disabilities
Act forbid any form of discrimination in schools based on the disability of
candidates. This law applies to universities, colleges, as well as the
schools across elementary, middle, and high levels. Many special needs
students continue their studies at postsecondary level where the laws
prove to be slightly different. Postsecondary schools are not required to
provide appropriate public is law applies to education for free to the
students but there is an obligation to offer suitable academic adjustments
and accessible housing to disabled students.
4. Define and explain the following terms:
a. Exceptional children
It is an inclusive term that refers to children with learning and/or
behavior problems, children with physical disabilities or sensory
impairments, and children who are intellectually gifted or have a
special talent.
b. Special education
Special Education is basic education that takes into account the
special needs of both disabled children and gifted children that
requires a systematic and deliberate process for them to achieve
functional literacy and which will bring the individual to the highest level
of his potential and capacity. It is also defined as that type of education
tailored to meet the needs of children who cannot profit because of
disabilities or exceptional abilities.
c. Disability or impairment
Disability is a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits
one or more psychological, physiological or anatomical function of an
individual; Impairment is any loss, diminution or aberration of
psychological, physiological or anatomical structure or function.
d. Handicap
Handicap refers to a disadvantage for a given individual, resulting from
impairment or a disability that limits or prevents the functions or activity
that is considered normal given the age and sex of the individual.
e. At risk
At risk refers to children who, although not currently identified as
having a disability, are considered to have a greater-than-usual chance of
developing one. The term is often applied to infants and preschoolers
who, because of conditions surrounding their births or home
environments, may be expected to experience developmental problems at
a later time. The term is also used to refer to students who are
experiencing learning problems in the regular classroom and are therefore
at risk of school failure or of being identified for special education services.
References:
www.education.gov.pg/.../pd-se-5-1-introduction-to-special-education-lecturer.pdf
https://www.masters-in-special-education.com/lists/5-important-special-education-laws/
impactofspecialneeds.weebly.com/.../timeline_-_the_history_of_special_education.pdf
