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Sample Problem: Expand in Fourier Series − and show that, 0<x <π 1− 1 3 + 1 5 − 1 7 + 1 9 − 4

This document expands the function f(x) in a Fourier series on the interval (-π, π]. It shows that f(x) = -1 for -π < x < 0 and f(x) = 1 for 0 < x < π. Through calculating the Fourier coefficients an, bn it is determined that the Fourier series expansion of f(x) is the sine series: f(x) = (4/π)sin(x) + (4/3π)sin(3x) + (4/5π)sin(5x) + ... This matches the piecewise definition of f(x), proving that the Fourier series converges to the original function f

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
59 views4 pages

Sample Problem: Expand in Fourier Series − and show that, 0<x <π 1− 1 3 + 1 5 − 1 7 + 1 9 − 4

This document expands the function f(x) in a Fourier series on the interval (-π, π]. It shows that f(x) = -1 for -π < x < 0 and f(x) = 1 for 0 < x < π. Through calculating the Fourier coefficients an, bn it is determined that the Fourier series expansion of f(x) is the sine series: f(x) = (4/π)sin(x) + (4/3π)sin(3x) + (4/5π)sin(5x) + ... This matches the piecewise definition of f(x), proving that the Fourier series converges to the original function f

Uploaded by

Aron Carig
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Sample Problem:

Expand in Fourier Series


−1
f ( x )= ∫ ❑ −π < x <0 and show that,
1

1 1 1 1 π
0< x < π 1− + − + −…+¿
3 5 7 9 4

For f ( x ) :

L
1
a 0= ∫ f ( x ) dx
L −L

0 L
a 0=
1
L [∫
−L
f ( x ) dx +∫ f ( x ) dx
0
]
L=π
0 π
a 0=
1
π [∫ π
(−1 ) dx+∫ ( 1 ) dx
0
]
0 π
¿
1
π [
∫ −dx +∫ dx
π 0
]
1
¿ [ [ −x ]0−π + [ x ] π0 ]
π
1
a 0= [ 0−(+π ) ]+ [ π−0 ]
π
1
¿ [−π + π ]0
π
¿0

Note that f ( x ) is odd function


L
1 nπx
a n= ∫ f ( x)cos
L −L L
dx ( )
0 π
¿
1
π [ ∫ −1 cos
−π
nπx
( )
π
dx +∫ 1 ∙cos
0
nπx
π
dx ( ) ]
0 π
a n=
1 1
π nπ[
∫ 1
−cos nx ( n ) dx + ∫ cos nx ( n ) dx
n0 ]
0 π
1 1
¿
π {[ −1
n
∙ sin nx ] [
−π
+
n
sin nx ]} 0

1 sin ( 0 ) sin nπ 1 1
a n=
π {[ n

n n n][
+ sin nπ − sin ( 0 ) ]}
1 sin nπ sin nπ
¿
π
0−[ n
+
n
−0 ]
1
¿ (0)
π
¿0

L
1 nπx
b n= ∫ f (x)∙sin dx
L −L L
0 π
¿
1
π [
∫ (−1 ) sin
π
nπx
( )
π
dx+∫ ( 1 ) sin
0
nπx
π
dx ( ) ]
0 π

b n=
1
π {[ 1

n −π
1
−sin ( nx ) dx+ ∫ sin ( nx ) dx
n 0 ]}
0 π

¿
1
π {[ ] [
cos nx
n −π
+
−cos ( nx )
n ]}
0

b n= {[1
π
cos ( 0 ) cos ( n (−π ) ) −cos ( nπ ) −cos ( 0 )
n

n
+
n ][

n ]}
1 1 cos nπ −cos nπ 1
¿
π {[ n

n
+
n
+
n ][ ]}
1 2 2 cos nπ
b n=
π {[ n

n ]}
1 2
¿ ∙ [ 1−cos nπ ]
π n
2
¿ [ 1− (1 )n ]

a0 ∞ nπx nπx
cos nx=(−1 )n
when: n = 1 → cosπ = -1
f ( x )= ∑ a n cos
2 n=1 L[ ( ) ( )]
+bn sin
L

n = 2 → cos2π = 1
n = 3 → cos3π = -1
n = 4 → cos4π = 1
a0 ∞ nπx

nπx
f ( x )= + ∑ a n cos
2 n=1 L ( )
+¿ ∑ bn sin
n=1 L
¿ ( )
2
a 0=0 an =0 bn = [ 1−(−1 )n ]

∞ ∞
nπx 2 nπx
f ( x )=0+∑ 0−cos
n=1 L
+∑ ( )
n=1 nπ
[ n
1−(−1 ) ] sin
π

2
f ( x )= ∑

[ 1−(−1 )n ] ∙ sin nx
n=1

Let n = 1
2
¿ [ 1− (−1 )1 ] sin x
(1 ) π
2
¿ (2)sin x
π
4
¿ sin x
π
Let n = 2
2
¿ [ 1−(−1 )2 ] sin 2 x
( 2) π
¿0
Let n = 3
2
¿ sin 3 x
( 3) π
4
¿ sin3 x

Let n = 4
2
¿
(4 ) π
[ 1−(−1 )4 ] sin 4 x
¿0

4 4 4 4
f ( x )= sin x + sin 3 x + sin 5 x+ sin 7 x +…+¿ ¿
π 3π 5π 7π
4
f ( x )= ¿
π
f ( x )=1
if 0< x < π
π
let x=
2

4
1= ¿
π
4
1= ¿
π
π −1 1 1
=1 + − + …−¿ ¿
4 3 5 7

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