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EC Electronics-and-Communications Engineering Book

The document outlines the sections and topics covered in an engineering course, including: 1) Analog and digital circuits, signals and systems, electronic devices, electromagnetics and communications 2) Specific topics covered are semiconductor physics, filters, amplifiers, oscillators, memories, microprocessors, control systems, modulation, coding, antennas and fiber optics. 3) Engineering mathematics concepts are also covered such as linear algebra, calculus, differential equations, probability and statistics.

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466 views1 page

EC Electronics-and-Communications Engineering Book

The document outlines the sections and topics covered in an engineering course, including: 1) Analog and digital circuits, signals and systems, electronic devices, electromagnetics and communications 2) Specific topics covered are semiconductor physics, filters, amplifiers, oscillators, memories, microprocessors, control systems, modulation, coding, antennas and fiber optics. 3) Engineering mathematics concepts are also covered such as linear algebra, calculus, differential equations, probability and statistics.

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Small signal equivalent circuits of diodes, BJTs and MOSFETs; Simple diode circuits:
Section 1: Engineering Mathematics clipping, clamping and rectifiers; Single-stage BJT and MOSFET amplifiers: biasing, bias
Linear Algebra: Vector space, basis, linear dependence and independence, matrix stability, mid-frequency small signal analysis and frequency response; BJT and MOSFET
algebra, eigen values and eigen vectors, rank, solution of linear equations – existence amplifiers: multi-stage, differential, feedback, power and operational; Simple op-amp
and uniqueness. circuits; Active filters; Sinusoidal oscillators: criterion for oscillation, single-transistor and op-
amp configurations; Function generators, wave-shaping circuits and 555 timers; Voltage
Calculus: Mean value theorems, theorems of integral calculus, evaluation of definite and reference circuits; Power supplies: ripple removal and regulation.
improper integrals, partial derivatives, maxima and minima, multiple integrals, line, surface
and volume integrals, Taylor series. Section 5: Digital Circuits
Differential Equations: First order equations (linear and nonlinear), higher order linear Number systems; Combinatorial circuits: Boolean algebra, minimization of functions using
differential equations, Cauchy's and Euler's equations, methods of solution using variation Boolean identities and Karnaugh map, logic gates and their static CMOS
of parameters, complementary function and particular integral, partial differential implementations, arithmetic circuits, code converters, multiplexers, decoders and PLAs;
equations, variable separable method, initial and boundary value problems. Sequential circuits: latches and flip-flops, counters, shift-registers and finite state machines;
Data converters: sample and hold circuits, ADCs and DACs; Semiconductor memories:
Vector Analysis: Vectors in plane and space, vector operations, gradient, divergence and ROM, SRAM, DRAM; 8-bit microprocessor (8085): architecture, programming, memory and
curl, Gauss's, Green's and Stoke's theorems. I/O interfacing.

Complex Analysis: Analytic functions, Cauchy's integral theorem, Cauchy's integral Section 6: Control Systems
formula; Taylor's and Laurent's series, residue theorem.
Basic control system components; Feedback principle; Transfer function; Block diagram
Numerical Methods: Solution of nonlinear equations, single and multi-step methods for representation; Signal flow graph; Transient and steady-state analysis of LTI systems;
differential equations, convergence criteria. Frequency response; Routh-Hurwitz and Nyquist stability criteria; Bode and root-locus plots;
Lag, lead and lag-lead compensation; State variable model and solution of state
Probability and Statistics: Mean, median, mode and standard deviation; combinatorial equation of LTI systems.
probability, probability distribution functions - binomial, Poisson, exponential and normal;
Joint and conditional probability; Correlation and regression analysis. Section 7: Communications
Random processes: autocorrelation and power spectral density, properties of white noise,
Section 2: Networks, Signals and Systems filtering of random signals through LTI systems; Analog communications: amplitude
Network solution methods: nodal and mesh analysis; Network theorems: superposition, modulation and demodulation, angle modulation and demodulation, spectra of AM and
Thevenin and Norton’s, maximum power transfer; Wye-Delta transformation; Steady state FM, superheterodyne receivers, circuits for analog communications; Information theory:
sinusoidal analysis using phasors; Time domain analysis of simple linear circuits; Solution of entropy, mutual information and channel capacity theorem; Digital communications:
network equations using Laplace transform; Frequency domain analysis of RLC circuits; PCM, DPCM, digital modulation schemes, amplitude, phase and frequency shift keying
Linear 2-port network parameters: driving point and transfer functions; State equations for (ASK, PSK, FSK), QAM, MAP and ML decoding, matched filter receiver, calculation of
networks. bandwidth, SNR and BER for digital modulation; Fundamentals of error correction,
Hamming codes; Timing and frequency synchronization, inter-symbol interference and its
Continuous-time signals: Fourier series and Fourier transform representations, sampling
mitigation; Basics of TDMA, FDMA and CDMA.
theorem and applications; Discrete-time signals: discrete-time Fourier transform (DTFT),
DFT, FFT, Z-transform, interpolation of discrete-time signals; LTI systems: definition and Section 8: Electromagnetics
properties, causality, stability, impulse response, convolution, poles and zeros, parallel and
cascade structure, frequency response, group delay, phase delay, digital filter design Electrostatics; Maxwell’s equations: differential and integral forms and their interpretation,
boundary conditions, wave equation, Poynting vector; Plane waves and properties:
techniques.
reflection and refraction, polarization, phase and group velocity, propagation through
Section 3: Electronic Devices various media, skin depth; Transmission lines: equations, characteristic impedance,
impedance matching, impedance transformation, S-parameters, Smith chart;
Energy bands in intrinsic and extrinsic silicon; Carrier transport: diffusion current, drift
Waveguides: modes, boundary conditions, cut-off frequencies, dispersion relations;
current, mobility and resistivity; Generation and recombination of carriers; Poisson and
Antennas: antenna types, radiation pattern, gain and directivity, return loss, antenna
continuity equations; P-N junction, Zener diode, BJT, MOS capacitor, MOSFET, LED, photo
arrays; Basics of radar; Light propagation in optical fibers.
diode and solar cell; Integrated circuit fabrication process: oxidation, diffusion, ion
implantation, photolithography and twin-tub CMOS process.

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