Simple Biogas Plant

Design and Construct

Scientific Supervision by ;
Ph.Dr. Fayadh
Designed by;
Mechanical Engineering Department.
Postgraduate Students (Renewable Energy Team).April , 2020
 Contents :
Title Page Number

Acknowledgment . 2

Summary . 3

Introduction . 4

Chapter (1) ; Facts about Bio-Gas Plants . 5

1-1 Production . 5

1-2 Typical composition of Bio-Gas . 5

1-3 Major Advantages . 6

1- 4 Item used in the construct and it’s costs . 7

Chapter ( 2 ) ; Construction . 8

2-1 Making the holes in the barrel . 8

2-2 Connecting the valves and fittings . 10

2-3 connecting the pipes . 11

2-4 connecting the rubber tube . 13

2-5 Final assembly . 14

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 Acknowledgement
We take immense pleasure in thanking for Dr. Fayadh (Ph.Dr. in Mchanical Engineerign Dept , Tikrit University )
for having permitted us to carry out to did this project .
This project would never be completed without support and Guidance of him .
Finally, many thanks to every member in this team for the helping each other to produce this
work in exceptional circumstances .
The Project Team

Team Members ;
1- Abdullah Drea . 6- Mufaid hamzaa .

2- Majed Ahmed . 7- Waad Ahmed .

3- Amer Khalf .

4- Mohammed Yaseen .

5- Arkan Alteif .

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 Summary
Everyone is talking about biogas - politicians and ecologists, engineers and economists, and
experts. Biogas has become fashionable. The energy crisis of the next few years is the shortage
of fuel for the daily needs of millions of people. Simple biogas plants are intended to help solve
this problem. It is time to set about this task in a "professional" manner in the best sense of this
word.
Simple biogas plants are complicated enough to require total involvement with their
specific technology. After all, a biogas plant can only help to solve the problems of the future if it
works! But many plants work badly. They are operated wrongly, are deficient in detail and are
often incorrectly scaled.
Simple biogas plants have been constructed in Third World countries for about thirty
years. But good and bad solutions are featured side by side without comment in articles and
books. The same mistakes are repeated over and over again. This need not be the case. The
designer of a biogas plant must be able to distinguish between valid and invalid solutions.

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Introduction :

Biogas has multiple benefits. It can be used as Cooking –gas. It can be

used for the production of electricity. Moreover, it is environment
friendly. This residue of Biogas-Plant can be used as Fertilizer also.
Natural gases are limited and biogas plant can be better replacement
for natural gas.

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 Chapter (1)- Facts about Biogas Plant
1- 1 : Production
Biogas plant can be produced via

1- Kitchen Biodegradable waste

2- Human Manure .

3- Cow Manure.

4 - All sort of Bio Manure

1-2 : Typical Composition of Bio-Gas

Compound Chem %

Methane CH4 50 –75

Carbon dioxide CO2 25 – 50

Nitrogen N2 0 –10

Hydrogen H2 0 –1

Hydrogen sulfide H2S 0 –3

Oxygen O2 0–0

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1-3 : Major Advantages:

No Major Advantages:

1 It generates a clean cooking fuel that can replace LPG.

2 It can be used in the gasoline generator to produce electricity .

3 it also generates organic fertilizer in the form of spent slurry.

4 It is easy to use and maintain because it is above ground.

5 There is no smell, mosquitoes, dogs, vermin, flies, etc.

6 All the organic waste is disposed-off at source.

7 It can solve the wastes problem through reducing the wastes .

8 It reduces the air pollution . and there is no ash when firing .

9 It also consider as a source of increasing the financial outcomes of

the families .

10 The methane produced can be used for Ethanol Production .

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1-4 : The Items used in the design and it costs ( Prices are according to the Iraqi Markets ) .
No Item Type Dimension Uses Qty Price (ID) Total Price (ID)

1. Barrel Plastic 140 litter Digester 1 17000 17000

2. connecter +Nut +Washer BBR ½ Inch Gas outlet + drain + slurry exit 5 1000 5000

3. Connecter + Nut +Washer BBR 2 Inch Feeding inlet 1 2500 2500

4. Connecter + Nut + Washer BBR 1 ½ Inch Over flow (Liquids outlet ) 1 1500 1500

5. Plugs BBR ½ Inch For closing the side holes 2 500 1000

6. Pipe BBR 2 Inch Feeding 2M 2500 5000

7. Pipe BBR 1 ½ Inch Over flow (Liquids outlet ) 2M 2000 4000

8. Socket BBR 2 Inch feeding inlet connecting 1 3000 3000

9. Valve BBR 2 Inch Feeding inlet (Opening & Closing ) 1 5000 5000

10. Connector (reducer ) BBR 4 X2 Inch Feeding inlet 1 5000 5000

11. Elbow BBR 1 ½ Inch Connecting the exit holes 2 1000 2000

12. Socket BBR 1 ½ Inch Connecting the exit holes 1 2000 2000

13. Pipe BBR ½ Inch Gas Outlet 30 cm 500 500

14. Socket BBR ½ Inch Connecting the gas hole 2 500 1000

15. Connector (reducer ) BBR ½ x ¼ Inch to connect the hose of gas consuming 1 500 500

16. Hose Rubber ¼ Inch to transfer the gas to the network 2M 500 1000

17. Rubber Tube Rubber size (16 ) to store gas 1 5000 5000

18. Valve Metal ¼ Inch to control the gas 1 3000 3000

19. Glue / / to preventing leakages 1 bottle 3000 3000

20. Epoxy / / For additional leakages prevention 1 bottle 2000 2000

21. Silicon rod + Tefelon tape / / to reduce the clearance of fittings 1,1 3000 3000

22. Total Cost = 72000 ID

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 Chapter (2) - Construction
In this chapter , We explained the procedure of construction the Bio-Gas Plant ;
2- 1 : Making the Holes in the Barrel . by using the drilling machine .
1- In the upper cover of the barrel , Open (1 )hole Size ( 2’’ ) for feeding inlet .

2-In the upper cover of the barrel , Open (1) hole Size( 1 ½ ‘’) for outlet .

3- In the upper cover of the barrel , Open (2) holes Size ( ½ ‘’ ) , one hole for venting and the other for gas production .

When all the above steps done , it should be like the below photo :

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4 – In the side of the barrel , open ( 2 ) holes for exit size ( ½’’) . one at the upper and the other at the middle .

5- in the bottom of the barrel side , open a (1 ) hole size ( ½’’ ) for drain .

When all the above steps done , it should be like the below photo :

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2- 2 Connecting the Valves and Fittings .
1- connect the socket (2’’ ) with the reducer (4’’X2’’) and the valve (2’’) and use the glue and the Teflon tape to ensure no leakages in the
system .

2- connect the socket (1/2’’) with the reducer (1/2” X 1/4’’ ) with the valve (1/4’’ ) to make gas production outlet and connect the hose (
¼’’) . as in the below photo ;

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3- connect the plugs (1/2’’) to the side holes (1/2’’ ) and they opened at need to flushing the barrel .

4- connect the drain hole ( ½’’ ) . when done , it should be like the below photo ;

2-3 : Connecting the Pipes .

1- Cut the pipe ( 2’’ ) in (45) degree in length
about (80 cm ) .
2- cut the pipe (1 ½’’ ) in (45) degree in length
about (40 cm ) .
3- connect them as in the beside photo :

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After we done , the schematic view of the barrel should be like the below photo ;

Production gas outlet ( ½’’ )

Overflow outlet ( 1 ½’’)

Feeding inlet (2’’) with
pipe (2’’) , length 80 cm

1 ( ½’’) pipe , Length 40 cm

Pipe (2’’) length 80 cm

Drain
(1/2’’)

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2-4 : Connecting the rubber tube ;
1-after completing the above steps , now it’s the time to connect the rubber tube .

2- remove the small check valve in the outlet of the tube .

3- connect the metal valve ( ¼’’ ) to the rubber hose with the gas production hole and connect the assembly to the rubber tube .

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2- 5 : Final assembly :
The final plant should be cleaning (flushing ) by water to ensure not wastes stay in the pipes or the fittings , in addition it should be tested
by by water and maintain the leakages , we may use the silicon or glue to ensure no leakages in the plant .

The final plant looks like the photo below :

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