TYPES OF NUMBERS MEASUREMENT VOLUME (answers = cubed) SURFACE AREA (answers = squared)

(answers never
• Natural: counting #s except 0 (1, 2, 3…) cubed) • Cube: s3 or lwh • Cube: 6s2 or 6lw
• Whole: counting #s including 0 (1, 2, 3…) • Rect. Prism: lwh • Rect. Prism: 2(lw+lh+wh) or 2lw+2lh+2wh
• Integers: whole #s and their opposites • Area of square: • Triangular Prism: ½lwh • Triangular Prism: 2B+Perimeter of the base *height
(… -2, -1, 0, 1, 2…) s2 or lw • Cylinder: πr 2 h • Cylinder: 2πr 2 + 2πrh or 2πr 2 + πdh
• Rational: all #s that can be expressed as a • Area of rectangle: • Cone: 1/3πr 2 h • Cone: πr 2+ πr ∗ slant
fraction (can be positive, negative, whole, lw • Pyramid: 1/3Bh • Pyramid: B + # of sides * ½bh
fractions, but not all decimals will be one). • Area of triangle:
Repeating decimals (decimals that repeat ½bh
INDIRECT MEASUREMENT: used when comparing similar objects/figure… ex. 2 similar
the same numbers) and terminating • Area of circle:
triangles, shadows of flagpole to shadow of a person… USE A PROPORTION TO SOLVE
decimals (decimals that end) are rational. πr2
• Irrational: can’t be written as a fraction • Perimeter:
(will always be a decimal that keeps going add all sides up SCATTER PLOTS
without repeating) • Circumference:
• Real: any number 2πr or πd • Relationships:
o Positive: goes from bottom left to top right, both variables increase (the time you
spend studying and your grade… the MORE you study the HIGHER your grade)
PYTHAGOREAN THEOREM SURVEYS o Negative: goes from top left to bottom right, as one variable goes up the other
variable goes down (Amount of gas in car, # of miles you drive your car… the
• Used only for right triangles • Population: people you MORE you drive, the LESS gas you have in your car)
• 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 = 𝑐 2 want to survey o No Relationship: random dots (phone number, math average)
• A and B represent the sides of a • Sample: representative • Variables: Example of variables that show a relationship- AC bill, temperature outside
triangle that make up the right group of the population o Independent: can’t be changed by other variable. Temperature is independent b/c the
angle and C is the diagonal. C is (smaller version of AC bill can’t change it
called the hypotenuse. population) o Dependent: can be influenced by the other variable. AC bill is the dependent b/c it
• Pythagorean Triple: 3-4-5 Rule • You would use a sample will DEPEND on the temperature
where 3 and 4 are the sides and 5 is not the entire US • Line of Best Fit: Allows you to make predictions with a scatter plot. Must run through at
the hypotenuse population when finding least 2 points. Line should split the points into half (same # of each side of L of BF).
the average # of kids in a • Correlation: positive, negative, strong (close together), weak (spread out), none (random)
STATISTICAL MISUSES family in the US
• Biased = Bad
• Unbiased is the best type GRAPHS
• Altering data/graphs to make
something appear differently than it • Should be random.
• Line Graph: shows change over time (Ex. show change in temperature over time)
really is Surveyor doesn’t hand
• Histograms: a type of bar graph that uses intervals. The intervals must be the same and a
• Ex: skipping from 0 to a larger # on pick which people to
number can’t be in more than 1 set (Ex. All the following have 4 numbers in the interval: 1-
a scale, changing how you count survey. Must represent an
4, 5-8, 9-12, and so on and the number 8 is only in one interval set)
with the intervals, using objects entire population not just
• Circle: used to compare parts to a whole. 360 degrees in a circle… to figure out
instead of bars that change in both part (ex. 8th graders don’t
measurement of an angle use the proportion: # of degrees = # of specific topic
width and height (not just height) represent whole school).
360 degrees total # of all
 DILATIONS SLOPE INTERCEPT FORM STANDARD → Y=MX+B

• Scale Factor of 1 stays the same • y = mx+b • ax+by=c

• Reduction: SF less than 1, shrinks • m is the slope, b is the y-intercept, and x and y are • Steps: 1. Move your x’s to the other side by
• Enlargement: SF greater than 1, gets bigger coordinates of a point doing the opposite. 2. Get y by itself if it isn’t
• SF of 0 doesn’t exist, anything x 0 = 0 • If you don’t see a b then your y-intercept is 0 and if you already. 3. Make sure it’s in y= mx+b
• To get new points of new figure multiply don’t see a # in front of x then it has a slope of 1
SF to each #. • If you don’t see a x then the line is horizontal, slope = 0. If INTERCEPTS
• To get SF using 2 sets of points, do new you don’t see a y then the line is vertical, has no slope.
divided by old Think of treadmill (0 incline means it’s flat and if it’s • Y-intercept: where line crosses the y axis, x = 0,
vertical you can’t run on it). is known as the constant
QUADRANTS • X-intercept: where line, crosses the x axis, y = 0

INEQUALITIES SLOPE (m) WORDS TO KNOW

• <, >, <, > Slope = Rise = y1-y2 • Variable: a letter that’s holding the place of a
• Treat problems the same way Run x1-x2 number
as in standard form or y=mx+b • Substitution: when you plug a number into an
except when dividing or Use 2nd one when given
equation where a variable is
multiplying by a negative 2 points
• Linear: a straight line
number then you flip the sign
• Nonlinear: not a straight line
so it faces the other direction
• Graphing the line: SOLID line
if sign is =, >, or < and use TEST TIPS
DOTTED line if sign is < or >
• Shading: 1. Pick a point not on • Get plenty of rest the night before
or real close to your line. 2.
• Eat a good breakfast the morning of the test
Using the coordinates of the
point (x,y), put them into the • RELAX!!
FUNCTION
slope intercept equation you • As soon as you’re allowed to start, quickly write down helpful
• Looks like f(x) = an equation with x in it have and solve. 3. If the formulas and notes on your scrap paper so you don’t forget during
• Often put in table to represent x and what statement is TRUE shade the
the test
the function will equal side of the line that the point
you picked was on, but if it is • Use process of elimination
• Example: If f(x) = 4x-5 then what’s f(3)?
f(3) = 4*3 - 5 → f(3) = 12 – 5 → f(3) = 7 NOT TRUE shade the other • You can write in your test book so WRITE ALL OVER IT. Cross
x 4x-5 f(x) side of the line in. out wrong answers, highlight/underline/circle important words.
1 4*1-5 -1 • Circle your correct answer in the test book so if you get off on
2 4*2-5 3
3 4*3-5 7
your bubble sheet you can easily go back and fix things
• The x CANNOT repeat (sideways U) • BELIEVE IN YOURSELF!!