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Create Database: DB - Name

The document provides SQL commands for creating, modifying, and retrieving data from databases and tables. It includes commands for creating, renaming, and deleting databases and tables, as well as adding, modifying, and deleting columns. It also covers retrieving data through basic and advanced queries using operators, functions, joins, and more.

Uploaded by

Yogesh Modhe
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
43 views

Create Database: DB - Name

The document provides SQL commands for creating, modifying, and retrieving data from databases and tables. It includes commands for creating, renaming, and deleting databases and tables, as well as adding, modifying, and deleting columns. It also covers retrieving data through basic and advanced queries using operators, functions, joins, and more.

Uploaded by

Yogesh Modhe
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Create New Database

CREATE DATABASE DB_Name

Rename Database
1) ALTER DATABASE DB_Name modify name = New_DB_Name

2) EXEC sp_renameDB 'DB_Name','New_DB_Name'

Delete Database
DROP DATABASE DBName

Create New Table


CREATE TABLE TN (CN1 Data_Type(size), CN2 Data_Type(size), ..... CN3
Data_Type(Size))

Rename Column properties (dsata type / size)


ALTER TABLE TN ALTER COLUMN CN New_Data_Type(New_Size)

Rename Column
Sp_Rename 't1.C1', 'C7', 'COLUMN'

Add new Column


ALTER TABLE TN ADD CN Data_Type(Size)

Delete Column
ALTER TABLE TN DROP COLUMN CN

Insert Data
1) INSERT INTO TN (CN1, CN2,.. CNn) VALUES ('x', 'y', .. 'z')

2) INSERT INTO TN VALUES ('x', 'y', .. 'z')

Retriving all rows & all columns


SELECT CN, * FROM TN
Updating the data in table
UPDATE TN SET CN1 = 'Value1', CN2 = 'Value2',.... CNn = 'Valuen'
WHERE CN4 = 'condition'

Retriving selected rows & all columns


SELECT * FROM TN WHERE condition(s)

Retriving selected columns & all rows


SELECT CN1, CN2,... CNn FROM TN

Retriving selected columns & all rows


SELECT CN1, CN2,... CNn FROM TN WHERE condition(s)

Retriving distinct (unique) data


SELECT DISTINCT CN1, CN2, ...CNn FROM TN

Retriving distinct (unique) data


SELECT DISTINCT CN1, CN2, ...CNn FROM TN

Select with AND / OR


SELECT Column_List, * FROM TN WHERE X >= 10 OR (Y < 5 AND Y >= 15)

Select with IN / Not IN


SELECT * FROM TN WHERE CN IN / NOT IN('abc', 'xyz')

Select with BETWEEN


SELECT * FROM TN WHERE CN BETWEEN '10' AND '100'

Select with ORDER BY


1) SELECT CN4 FROM TN [WHERE condition] ORDER BY CN2 ASC / DESC
2) SELECT CN4, CN2, CN7, CN1 FROM TN [WHERE condition] ORDER BY 1, 3

Select with LIKE


1) SELECT * FROM TN WHERE CN LIKE '_ABC%'
2) SELECT CN1 FROM TN WHERE CN4 LIKE '%XY_'
Select with AGGRIGATE FUNCTIONS
SELECT Function (CN) FROM TN

1) AVG : Average of all records in the column

2) COUNT : Number of records (rows) in the column

3) MAX : Maximum value in the column

4) MIN : Minimum value in the column

5) SUM : Sum of all records in the column

Column Name / Table Name Alias


1) SELECT CN as CN_Alias FROM TN as TN_Alias
2) SELECT CN CN_Alias FROM TN TN_Alias

NOT NULL constraint


CREATE TABLE TN (C1 int NOT NULL, C2 varchar(25) NOT NULL)

CHECK constraint
CREATE TABLE TN (C1 int NOT NULL CHECK (C1 > 0), C2 varchar(25) NOT NULL)

PRIMARY KEY constraint


create table TN1 (C1 int primary key, C2 Char(50), C3 Varchar(50), C4 int)

FOREIGN KEY constraint


Create Table TN2 (A1 int, A2 Char(50), C1 int FOREIGN KEY REFERENCES TN1 (C1))

Explicit INNOR JOIN (matching rows of both the tables)


SELECT TA.CA1, TA.CA5, TB.CB2, TB.CB7
FROM TA INNER JOIN TB
ON TA.CA1 = TB.CB1

Implicit INNOR JOIN (matching rows of all tables)


SELECT TA.CA1, TA.CA5, TB.CB2, TB.CB7, TB.CB4, TC.CC3
FROM TA, TB, TC
WHERE TA.CA1 = TB.CB1 AND TB.CB4 = TC.CC4
LEFT OUTER JOIN (All rows of TA and matched rows of TB)
SELECT TA.CA1, TA.CA5, TB.CB2, TB.CB7
FROM TA LEFT OUTER JOIN TB
ON TA.CA1 = TB.CB1
RIGHT OUTER JOIN (All rows of TB and matched rows of TA)
SELECT TA.CA1, TA.CA5, TB.CB2, TB.CB7
FROM TA RIGHT OUTER JOIN TB
ON TA.CA1 = TB.CB1

FULL OUTER JOIN (all (matched & unmatched) rows in both tables)
SELECT TA.CA1, TA.CA5, TB.CB2, TB.CB7
FROM TA FULL OUTER JOIN TB
ON TA.CA1 = TB.CB1

CROSS JOIN (TA rows * TB rews)


SELECT TA.CA1, TA.CA5, TB.CB2, TB.CB7
FROM TA CROSS JOIN TB

Concatination
Select CN1 + CN2 as CN_Alias From TN

Display length of string


SELECT LEN ('string')

Remove all white spaces from the beginning of string


SELECT LTRIM (' string ')

Remove all white spaces at the end of string


SELECT RTRIM (' string ')

Replace (in “CN”, find where “Data” occurs, and replace it with “New_Data”)
SELECT Replace (CN, 'Data', 'New-Data') from TN

Retrive current DB date & time


SELECT GETDATE()
DATEDIFF

Returns the number of date and time boundaries crossed between two specified dates.

Syntax : SELECT DATEDIFF (datepart, end_date, start_date )

EX. : SELECT DATEDIFF (day, '02-20-2010', '03-30-2010')

Datepart Abbreviations
Year yy, yyyy

quarter qq, q

Month mm, m

dy, y

Day dd, d

Week wk, ww

Hour hh

minute mi, n

second ss, s

millisecond ms

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