Introduction to Programming

with Python

1
Which of these languages do you know?

• C or C++
• Java
• Perl
• Scala
• PHP
• Python
• Matlab
• Ruby
Python
 Python is a high-level, interpreted, interactive and object-oriented scripting language.
Python is designed to be highly readable. It uses English keywords frequently where
as other languages use punctuation, and it has fewer syntactical constructions than
other languages.

 Python is Interpreted: Python is processed at runtime by the interpreter. You do

not need to compile your program before executing it. This is similar to PERL and
PHP.

 Python is Interactive: You can actually sit at a Python prompt and interact with
the interpreter directly to write your programs.

 Python is Object-Oriented: Python supports Object-Oriented style or

technique of programming that encapsulates code within objects.

 Python is a Beginner's Language: Python is a great language for the beginner-

level programmers and supports the development of a wide range of applications
from simple text processing to WWW browsers to games.

4
Brief History of Python
 Invented in the Netherlands, early 90s by Guido van
Rossum
 Named after Monty Python
 Open sourced from the beginning
 Considered a scripting language, but is much more
 high-level, interpreted, interactive and object-oriented
scripting language.
 Used by Google from the beginning
 Increasingly popular
The Python tutorial is good!
The Basics
 Python Overview

• Programs are composed of modules

• Modules contain statements
• Statements contain expressions
• Expressions create and process objects
 Running Python:

• Three different ways to start Python:

(1) Interactive Interpreter:
– Enter python and start coding right away in the
interactive interpreter by starting it from the
command line.
 Running Python:

(2) Running by creating Script

(3) Integrated Development Environment

 Hello World

•Open a terminal window and type “python”

•If on Windows open a Python IDE like IDLE
•At the prompt type ‘hello world!’

>>> 'hello world!'

'hello world!'
 The Python Interpreter
•Python is an interpreted
language >>> 3 + 7
•The interpreter provides an 10
interactive environment to >>> 3 < 15
play with the language True
>>> 'print me'
•Results of expressions are 'print me'
printed on the screen >>> print 'print me'
print me
interpret
>>>
source code output
Hello.py
 print
 print : Produces text output on the console.

 Syntax:
print "Message"
print Expression
 Prints the given text message or expression value on the console, and moves the cursor
down to the next line.

print Item1, Item2, ..., ItemN

 Prints several messages and/or expressions on the same line.

 Examples:
print "Hello, world!"
age = 45
print "You have", 65 - age, "years until retirement"
Output:
13
 print
 print : Produces text output on the console.

 Syntax:
print "Message"
print Expression
 Prints the given text message or expression value on the console, and moves
the cursor down to the next line.

print Item1, Item2, ..., ItemN

 Prints several messages and/or expressions on the same line.
 Examples:
print "Hello, world!"
age = 45
print "You have", 65 - age, "years until retirement"
Output:
Hello, world!
14
You have 20 years until retirement
First Python Program:

 INTERACTIVE MODE PROGRAMMING:

 Type the following text to the right of the Python prompt and
press the Enter key:

 this will produce following result:

First Python Program:

 SCRIPT MODE PROGRAMMING:

 Let us write a simple Python program in a script.
 All python files will have extension .py.
 So put the following source code in a test.py file.
 Documentation

The ‘#’ starts a line comment

>>> 'this will print'

'this will print'
>>> #'this will not'
>>>
 Whitespace
Whitespace is meaningful in Python: especially
indentation and placement of newlines
•Use a newline to end a line of code
Use \ when must go to next line prematurely
•No braces {} to mark blocks of code, use
consistent indentation instead
• First line with less indentation is outside of the block
• First line with more indentation starts a nested block
•Colons start off a new block in many constructs,
e.g. function definitions, then clauses
Example
Example
Example
 Variables
• Are not declared, just assigned
• The variable is created the first time you assign it
a value
• Are references to objects
• Type information is with the object, not the
reference
• Everything in Python is an object
 Variables
◼ Syntax:

name = value >>> x = 7

>>> x
◼ Examples: x = 5
gpa = 3.14
7
>>> x = 'hello'
x 5 gpa 3.14 >>> x
'hello'
◼ A variable that has been given a >>>
value can be used in expressions.
x + 4 is 9
 Naming Rules
• Names are case sensitive and cannot start
with a number. They can contain letters,
numbers, and underscores.
bob Bob _bob _2_bob_ bob_2 BoB
• There are some reserved words:
and, assert, break, class, continue,
def, del, elif, else, except, exec,
finally, for, from, global, if,
import, in, is, lambda, not, or,
pass, print, raise, return, try,
while
 Assignment
• You can assign to multiple names at the
same time
>>> x, y = 2, 3
>>> x
?
>>> y
?
 Assignment
• You can assign to multiple names at the
same time
>>> x, y = 2, 3
>>> x
2
>>> y
3
This makes it easy to swap values
>>> x, y = y, x
• Assignments can be chained
>>> a = b = x = 2
Expressions
 expression: A data value or set of operations to
compute a value.
Examples: 10 + 4 * 3
OUTPUT ?????

28
Expressions
 expression: A data value or set of operations to
compute a value.
Examples: 10 + 4 * 3
22

 Arithmetic operators we will use:

 + - * / addition, subtraction/negation, multiplication, division
 % modulus, a.k.a. remainder
 ** exponentiation
 // floor division (5/2= 2)

1 + 3 * 4 is ??

29
Expressions
 expression: A data value or set of operations to
compute a value.
Examples: 10 + 4 * 3
22

 Arithmetic operators we will use:

 + - * / addition, subtraction/negation, multiplication, division
 % modulus, a.k.a. remainder
 ** exponentiation
 // floor division (5/2= 2)
 precedence: Order in which operations are computed.
 * / % ** have a higher precedence than + -
1 + 3 * 4 is 13

30
Expressions
 expression: A data value or set of operations to compute a
value.
Examples: 10 + 4 * 3
22

 Arithmetic operators we will use:

 + - * / addition, subtraction/negation, multiplication, division
 % modulus, a.k.a. remainder
 ** exponentiation
 // floor division (5/2= 2)
 precedence: Order in which operations are computed.
 * / % ** have a higher precedence than + -
1 + 3 * 4 is 13

 Parentheses can be used to force a certain order of evaluation.

(1 + 3) * 4 is 16

31
Logic
 Many logical expressions use relational operators:
Operator Meaning Example Result
== equals 1 + 1 == 2 True
!= OR <> does not equal 3.2 != 2.5 True
< less than 10 < 5 False
> greater than 10 > 5 True
<= less than or equal to 126 <= 100 False
>= greater than or equal to 5.0 >= 5.0 True

 Logical expressions can be combined with logical

operators: Operator Example Result
and 9 != 6 and 2 < 3 True
or 2 == 3 or -1 < 5 True
not not 7 > 0 False

32
 Standard Data Types
• Python has five standard data types −
• Numbers – int, long, float, complex
• String
• List
• Tuple
• Dictionary

• Integers (default for numbers)

z = 5 / 2
• Floats
x = 3.456
• Strings
• Can use “” or ‘’ to specify with “abc” == ‘abc’
 Numbers: Integers
• Integer – the equivalent of
a C long >>> 132224
• Long Integer – an 132224
unbounded integer value. >>> 132323 ** 2
17509376329L
>>>
• var1 = 1
• Var2 = 10

• We can delete a single object or multiple

objects by using the del statement.
• del var1
 Numbers: Floating Point
• int(x) converts x to an >>> 1.23232
integer 1.2323200000000001
>>> print 1.23232
• float(x) converts x to a 1.23232
floating point >>> 1.3E7
• The interpreter shows 13000000.0
>>> int(2.0)
a lot of digits
2
>>> float(2)
2.0
 Numbers: Complex
• Built into Python
• Same operations are >>> x = 3 + 2j
supported as integer and >>> y = -1j
>>> x + y
float
(3+1j)
>>> x * y
(2-3j)
 String Literals

• Strings are immutable

• There is no char type like >>> x = 'hello'
>>> x = x + ' there'
in C++ or Java
>>> x
• + is overloaded to do 'hello there'
concatenation
 Strings are immutable

• x[2]=‘a’
Error Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<pyshell#30>", line 1, in <module>
a[1]='q'
TypeError: 'str' object does not support item
assignment
 Strings
 string: A sequence of text characters in a program.
 Strings start and end with quotation mark " or apostrophe ' characters.
 Examples:
"hello"
"This is a string"
"This, too, is a string. It can be very long!"

 A string may not span across multiple lines or contain a " character.
"This is not
a legal String."
"This is not a "legal" String either."

 A string can represent characters by preceding them with a backslash.

 \t tab character
 \n new line character
 \" quotation mark character
 \\ backslash character

 Example: print "Hello\tthere\nHow are you?"

40
Indexes
 Characters in a string are numbered with indexes starting at 0:
 Example:
name = "P. Diddy"
>>> s = '012345'
index 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 >>> s[3]
character P . D i d d y '3'
>>> s[1:4]
 Accessing an individual character of a string: '123'
variableName [ index ] >>> s[2:]
 Example:
'2345'
print name, "starts with", name[0] >>> s[:4]
'0123'
Output:
P. Diddy starts with P
>>> s[-2]
'4'
41
• str = 'Hello World!'
• print str
• print str[0]
• print str[2:5]
• print str[2:]
• print str * 2
• print str + "TEST”
• Hello World!
• H
• llo
• llo World!
• Hello World!Hello World!
• Hello World!TEST
String properties
 len(string) - number of characters in a string
(including spaces)
 str.lower(string) - lowercase version of a string
 str.upper(string) - uppercase version of a string

 Example:
name = "Martin Douglas Stepp"
length = len(name)
big_name = str.upper(name)
print big_name, "has", length,
"characters"
Output:
MARTIN DOUGLAS STEPP has 20 characters

44
String Literals: Many Kinds
 Can use single or double quotes, and three double
quotes for a multi-line string
>>> 'I am a string'
'I am a string'
>>> "So am I!"
'So am I!'
>>> s = """And me too!
though I am much longer
than the others :)"""
'And me too!\nthough I am much longer\nthan the others :)‘
>>> print s
And me too!
though I am much longer
than the others :)‘
Basic Datatypes
 Integers (default for numbers)
z = 5 / 2 # Answer 2, integer division
 Floats
x = 3.456
 Strings
 Can use “” or ‘’ to specify with “abc” == ‘abc’
 Unmatched can occur within the string: “matt’s”
 Use triple double-quotes for multi-line strings or
strings that contain both ‘ and “ inside of them:
“““a‘b“c”””
>>word = 'word'
>>word
Output=?

>>sentence = "This is a sentence."

>>sentence
Output=?

>>paragraph = """This is a paragraph.

>>It is made up of multiple lines and sentences."""
>>paragraph
Output=?
>>word = 'word'
>>word
Output=word

>>sentence = "This is a sentence."

>>sentence
Output= This is a sentence.

>>paragraph = """This is a paragraph.

>>It is made up of multiple lines and sentences."""
>>paragraph
Output= This is a paragraph. It is made up of multiple lines
and sentences
 Data Type Summary

• Lists, Tuples, and Dictionaries can store any type

(including other lists, tuples, and dictionaries!)
• All variables are references
 Lists
list = [ 'abcd', 786 , 2.23, 'john', 70.2 ]
tinylist = [123, 'john']
• print list
# Prints complete list
• print list[0]
# Prints first element of the list
• print list[1:3]
# Prints elements starting from 2nd till 3rd
• print list[2:]
# Prints elements starting from 3rd element
• print tinylist * 2
# Prints list two times print
• list + tinylist
# Prints concatenated lists
This produce the following result −
•['abcd', 786, 2.23, 'john', 70.200000000000003]
•abcd
•[786, 2.23]
•[2.23, 'john', 70.200000000000003]
•[123, 'john', 123, 'john']
•['abcd', 786, 2.23, 'john', 70.200000000000003, 123, 'john']
 Counting in a list
lst=[1,1,2,2,4,5,6]
x=2
count = 0
for ele in lst:
if (ele == x):
count = count + 1
print (count)
 Printing even numbers in a list
for n in lst:
if n % 2 == 0:
print (n)
 Removing duplicates from a list
emp=[]
for n in lst:
if n not in emp:
emp.append(n)
print (emp)
 Tuples
• A tuple is another sequence data type that is similar to the
list.
• The main differences between lists and tuples are: Lists are
enclosed in brackets [] and their elements and size can be
changed, while tuples are enclosed in parentheses ( ) and
cannot be updated.
• Tuples can be thought of as read-only lists.
 Python Dictionary
• Python's dictionaries are kind of hash table
type. Consist of key-value pairs.
• A dictionary key can be almost any Python
type, but are usually numbers or strings.
Values, on the other hand, can be any
arbitrary Python object.
• Dictionaries are enclosed by curly braces
and values can be assigned and accessed
using square braces []
thisdict =
{"apple":"green","banana":"yellow","cherry
":"red"}
print(thisdict)
thisdict["apple"] ="red"
print(thisdict)

O/P
{'cherry': 'red', 'apple': 'green', 'banana':
'yellow'}
{'cherry': 'red', 'apple': 'red', 'banana': 'yellow'}
thisdict =
{"apple":"green","banana":"yellow","cherry
":"red"}
print(thisdict.keys())
print(thisdict.values())
O/P:
['cherry', 'apple', 'banana']
['red', 'green', 'yellow']
 Data Type Summary

• Integers: 2323, 3234L

• Floating Point: 32.3, 3.1E2
• Complex: 3 + 2j, 1j
• Lists: l = [ 1,2,3]
• Dictionaries: d = {‘hello’ : ‘there’, 2 : 15}
 User Input
• The raw_input(string) method returns a line of
user input as a string
• The parameter is used as a prompt
• The string can be converted by using the
conversion methods int(string), float(string), etc.
 Input: Example
name = input("What's your name? ")

birthyear = int(input("What's your birth year? "))

print "Hi %s! You are %d years old!" % (name, 2015 - birthyear)

~: python input.py
What's your name?
> Michael
What year were you born?
>1980
Hi Michael! You are 35 years old!
 WAP to take two numbers as input
from user and perform all binary
operations.
• Addition
• Subtraction
• Multiplication
• Division
• Floor division
• exponentiation
 No Braces
• Python uses indentation instead of braces to determine
the scope of expressions
• All lines must be indented the same amount to be part
of the scope (or indented more if part of an inner
scope)
• This forces the programmer to use proper indentation
since the indenting is part of the program!
 Control Flow
Things that are False
• The boolean value False
• The numbers 0 (integer), 0.0 (float) and 0j (complex).
• The empty string "".
Things that are True
• The boolean value True
• All non-zero numbers.
• Any string containing at least one character.
• A non-empty data structure.
Control Flow: if
 if statement: Executes a group of statements only if a
certain condition is true. Otherwise, the statements are
skipped.
 Syntax:
if condition:
statements

69
 A Code Sample (in IDLE)
x = 34 - 23 # A comment.
y = “Hello” # Another one.
z = 3.45
if z == 3.45 or y == “Hello”:
x = x + 1
y = y + “ World” # String concat.
print x
print y
12
HelloWorld
 A Code Sample (in IDLE)
x = 34 - 23 # A comment.
y = “Hello” # Another one.
z = 3.45
if z == 4.45 or y == “Hello”:
x = x + 1
y = y + “ World” # String concat.
print x
print y
 A Code Sample (in IDLE)
x = 34 - 23 # A comment.
y = “Hello” # Another one.
z = 3.45
if z == 4.45 and y == “Hello”:
x = x + 1
y = y + “ World” # String concat.
print x
print y
if/else
 if/else statement: Executes one block of statements if a certain condition is
True, and a second block of statements if it is False.
 Syntax:
if condition:
statements
else:
statements

74
• Draw a flowchart to take student total marks
as input and print whether student is
pass(>50) or fail.
Marks = int(input(" enter your marks: "))
print Marks
if Marks > 50:
print "PASS"
else:
print "FAIL"
WAP in python to find max
between two numbers
number1 = int(input ("Enter number 1: "))
number2 = int(input ("Enter number 2: "))
if number1 > number2:
largest = number1
else:
largest = number2
print("Largest of entered two numbers is",
largest,"\n")
 if/else
 Multiple conditions can be chained with elif ("else if"):
if condition:
statements
elif condition:
statements
else:
statements

79
 WAP in python to find max between three numbers.
num1 = int(input ("Enter number 1: "))
num2 = int(input ("Enter number 2: "))
num3 = int(input ("Enter number 2: "))
if (num1 >= num2):
if(num1>=num3):
largest=num1
else:
largest=num3
else:
if(num2>=num3):
largest=num2
else:
largest=num3
print("The largest number between",num1,",",num2,"and",num3,"is",largest)

80
 Range Test

if (3 <= Time <= 5):

print “Office Hour"
WAP to print the grade accordingly:
A is >90
B is 80-90
C is 60-80
D is 40-60
F is < 40
WAP to find number entered by
user is even or odd
while True:
print("Enter 'x' for exit.")
num = input("Enter any number: ")
if num == 'x':
break
else:
check = num%2
if check == 0:
print(int(num), "is even number.\n")
elif check == 1:
print(int(num), "is odd number.\n")
else:
print(num, "is strange.\n")
 Questions
• Write a python program to ask from user to
enter any character to find whether it is a
vowel or not.
• Write a python program to ask from user to
enter any number to check whether it is a
prime number or not:
• # Python Program - Check Leap Year or
Not
while
 while loop: Executes a group of statements as long as a condition is True.
 good for indefinite loops (repeat an unknown number of times)

 Syntax:
while condition:
statements

86
While Loops
>>> execfile(‘whileloop.py’)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
>>>
In interpreter
 While Loops
>>> execfile(‘whileloop.py’)
x=1 1
while x < 10 : 2
print x 3
x=x+1 4
5
whileloop.py
6
7
8
9
>>>
In interpreter
 WAP to print this series
 1 2 4 8 16 32 64

89
while
number = 1
while number < 65:
print number,
number = number * 2

 Output:
1 2 4 8 16 32 64

90
 The Loop Else Clause
• The optional else clause runs only if the loop exits
normally (not by break)

x=1
1 2 hello
while x < 3 :
print x,
x=x+1
else:
print 'hello'
 The Loop Else Clause
• The optional else clause runs only if the loop exits
normally (not by break)

x=1
1
while x < 3 : 2
print x hello
x=x+1
else:
print 'hello'
 The Loop Else Clause

x=1
while x < 5 :
print x
x=x+1
break
else :
print 'i got here'

whileelse2.py
 The Loop Else Clause

x=1
while x < 5 :
print x
x=x+1
break 1
else :
print 'i got here'

whileelse2.py
WAP in python to check string is palindrome or not
string = "naman"
str=string[len(string)-1]
i=len(string)-2
while i>=0:
str=str+string[i]
i=i-1
print str
print string
if str==string:
print "success"
95
The for loop
 for loop: Repeats a set of statements over a group of values.
 Syntax:

for variableName in groupOfValues:

statements

 We indent the statements to be repeated with tabs or spaces.

 variableName gives a name to each value, so you can refer to it in the statements.
 groupOfValues can be a range of integers, specified with the range function.

 Example:
for x in (1,2,3,4,5):
print x, "squared is", x * x

96
The for loop
 for loop: Repeats a set of statements over a group of values.
 Syntax:

for variableName in groupOfValues:

statements
 We indent the statements to be repeated with tabs or spaces.
 variableName gives a name to each value, so you can refer to it in the statements.
 groupOfValues can be a range of integers, specified with the range function.

 Example:
for x in (1,2,3,4,5):
print x, "squared is", x * x

Output:
1 squared is 1
2 squared is 4
3 squared is 9
4 squared is 16
5 squared is 25

97
 Program to add n natural numbers
n = int(input("Enter n: "))
sum= 0
i=1
while i <= n:
sum = sum + i
i = i+1
print("The sum is", sum)
Example to illustrate the use of else statement
with the while loop

counter = 0
while counter < 3:
print("Inside loop")
counter = counter + 1
else:
print("Inside else")
Example: Using For loop

computer_brands = ["Apple", "Asus", "Dell", "Samsung"]

for brands in computer_brands:
print brands

Using While loop

computer_brands = ["Apple", "Asus", "Dell", "Samsung"]
i=0
while i < len(computer_brands):
print computer_brands[i]
i=i+1 >>>
Apple
Asus
Dell
Samsung
>>>
range
 The range function specifies a range of integers:
 range(start, stop) - the integers between start (inclusive)
and stop (exclusive)
 It can also accept a third value specifying the change between values.
 range(start, stop, step) - the integers between start (inclusive)
and stop (exclusive) by step

 Example:
for x in range(5, 0, -1):
print x
print "Blastoff!"

101
range
 The range function specifies a range of integers:
 range(start, stop) - the integers between start (inclusive)
and stop (exclusive)
 It can also accept a third value specifying the change between values.
 range(start, stop, step) - the integers between start (inclusive)
and stop (exclusive) by step
 Example:
for x in range(5, 0, -1):
print x
print "Blastoff!"
Output:
5
4
3
2
1
Blastoff!

102
 WAP in python to find sum of squares of first 10
numbers.

103
Cumulative loops
 Some loops incrementally compute a value that is
initialized outside the loop. This is sometimes called a
cumulative sum.
sum = 0
for i in range(1, 11):
sum = sum + (i * i)
print "sum of first 10 squares is", sum

Output:
sum of first 10 squares is 385

 Exercise: Write a Python program that computes the

factorial of an integer.
104
WAP to find Even numbers
n = int(input("Enter a number: "))
print("List of Even numbers is")
for i in range(1,n):
if (i%2 ==0) :
print(i)
factorial
fact =1
i=1
n=input("Enter a number: ")

while i<=n :
fact=fact*i
i=i+1
else:
print("Factorial of ", n, " is ", fact)
Practice Question
 Write a python program that searches for prime numbers
from 10 through 20.
lower = 10
upper = 20

print("Prime numbers between",lower,"and",upper,"are:")

for num in range(lower, upper + 1):

if num > 1:
for i in range(2,num):
if (num % i) == 0:
break
else:
print(num)
 Sum of digits of numbers

n=int(input("Enter a number:"))
tot=0
while(n>0):
dig=n%10
tot=tot+dig
n=n//10
print("The total sum of digits
is:",tot)

109
 Reverse a number

x = int(input("Please Enter a
number to reverse: "))
reverse = 0

while(x):
reverse = reverse * 10
reverse = reverse + x % 10
x = int(x/10)

print(reverse)

110
Reverse a string
str = input("Enter string ")
str1=""
for i in str:
str1 = i + str1
print (str1)

111
 Palindrome

str = input("Enter any string: ")

hl=int(len(str)/2)

for i in range(0, hl):

if str[i] != str[len(str)-i-1]:
print("is not palindrome")
break
else:
print("is palindrome")

112
 Sum of digits of a number

n=156
tot=0
while(n>0):
dig=n%10
tot=tot+dig
n=n//10
print("The total sum of digits is:",tot)

113
 Fibonacci series

a=1
b=1
n=10
print(a)
print(b)
while(n-2):
c=a+b
a=b
b=c
print(c)
n=n-1
114
 Armstrong number
num=int(input("enter number: "))
sum = 0

temp = num
while temp > 0:
digit = temp % 10
sum += digit ** 3
temp /= 10

if num == sum:
print(num,"is an Armstrong number")
else:
print(num,"is not an Armstrong number")
115
Loop Control

Break
Continue
pass
The break Statement:

 The break statement in Python terminates the current

loop and resumes execution at the next statement.

 The most common use for break is when some external

condition is triggered requiring a hasty exit from a loop.

 The break statement can be used in

both while and for loops.
for i in range(1,10):
if i == 3:
break
print i

for i in range(1,10):
if i == 3:
break
print i
The continue statement
 The continue statement in Python returns the control
to the beginning of the while loop.

 The continue statement rejects all the remaining

statements in the current iteration of the loop and moves
the control back to the top of the loop.

 The continue statement can be used in

both while and for loops.
for i in range(1,10):
if i == 3:
continue
print i >>>
1
2
4
5
6
7
8
9
>>>
Pass statement
 The pass statement in Python is used when a statement
is required syntactically but you do not want any
command or code to execute.
 The pass statement is a null operation; nothing happens
when it executes.
 The pass is also useful in places where your code will
eventually go, but has not been written yet (e.g., in stubs
for example):
for letter in 'Python':
if letter == 'h':
pass
else:
print ('Current Letter :', letter)

122
 Modules
• When a Python program starts it only has
access to a basic functions and classes.
(“int”, “dict”, “len”, “sum”, “range”, ...)
• “Modules” contain additional functionality.
• Use “import” to tell Python to load a module.
>>> import math
>>> import nltk
• Use ”from module import *” to import
everything.
 Pattern Printing
n=5 *
for i in range(1,n+1): **
for j in range(1,i+1): ***
print ('* ', end="") ****
print('') *****
 Pattern Printing
n=5 1
for i in range(1,n+1): 12
for j in range(1,i+1): 123
print (j, end="") 1234
print('') 12345
print ('')
 Pattern Printing
n=5 *****
for i in range(1,n+1): ****
for j in range(n,i-1,-1): ***
print ('* ', end="") **
print('') *
 Pattern Printing
n=5 54321
for i in range(1,n+1): 5432
for j in range(n,i-1,-1): 543
print (j, end="") 54
print('') 5
 Pattern Printing
n=5 1 2 3 4 5
num=1 6 7 8 9
for i in range(1,n+1): 10 11 12
for j in range(n,i-1,-1): 13 14
#print ('%3d' %(num),end="") 15
print ('{:3d}'.format(num),
end="")
num+=1
print('')
 Pattern Printing
n=5 5
for i in range(1,n+1): 45
for j in range(1,n-i+1): 345
print (end=" ") 2345
for k in range(n-i+1,n+1): 12345
print (k, end="")
print('')
 Pattern Printing
n=5 1
for i in range(1,n+1): 12
for j in range(1,n-i+1): 123
print (end=" ") 1234
for k in range(1,i+1): 12345
print (k, end="")
print('')
 Pattern Printing
k=0 *
rows = 10 ***
for i in range(1, rows+1): *****
for space in range(1, (rows-i)+1): *******
print(end=" ") *********
while k != (2*i-1): ***********
print("* ", end="") *************
k=k+1 ***************
k=0 *****************
print() *******************