Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 38 views

    Introduction of Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET)

    Uploaded by

    Kartheeswari Saravanan
    MANET stands for Mobile Ad-hoc Network, which is a self-configuring, decentralized type of wireless network that allows mobile nodes to directly communicate with each other absent a fixed infrastructure. Nodes in a MANET are free to move and organize themselves arbitrarily, so the network topology may change unpredictably. Each node must forward traffic unrelated to its own use, acting as a router. Routing protocols for MANETs must be adaptive to accommodate frequent changes in network connectivity.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Introduction of Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET)

    Uploaded by

    Kartheeswari Saravanan
    38 views5 pages
    MANET stands for Mobile Ad-hoc Network, which is a self-configuring, decentralized type of wireless network that allows mobile nodes to directly communicate with each other absent a fixed infrastructure. Nodes in a MANET are free to move and organize themselves arbitrarily, so the network topology may change unpredictably. Each node must forward traffic unrelated to its own use, acting as a router. Routing protocols for MANETs must be adaptive to accommodate frequent changes in network connectivity.

    Original Title

    MANET.docx

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    MANET stands for Mobile Ad-hoc Network, which is a self-configuring, decentralized type of wireless network that allows mobile nodes to directly communicate with each other absent a fixed infrastructure. Nodes in a MANET are free to move and organize themselves arbitrarily, so the network topology may change unpredictably. Each node must forward traffic unrelated to its own use, acting as a router. Routing protocols for MANETs must be adaptive to accommodate frequent changes in network connectivity.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    38 views5 pages

    Introduction of Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET)

    Uploaded by

    Kartheeswari Saravanan
    MANET stands for Mobile Ad-hoc Network, which is a self-configuring, decentralized type of wireless network that allows mobile nodes to directly communicate with each other absent a fixed infrastructure. Nodes in a MANET are free to move and organize themselves arbitrarily, so the network topology may change unpredictably. Each node must forward traffic unrelated to its own use, acting as a router. Routing protocols for MANETs must be adaptive to accommodate frequent changes in network connectivity.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 5

    Introduction of Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET)

    MANET stands for Mobile adhoc Network also called as wireless adhoc network or adhoc
    wireless network that usually has a routable networking environment on top of a Link Layer ad
    hoc network.. They consist of set of mobile nodes connected wirelessly in a self configured,
    self healing network without having a fixed infrastructure. MANET nodes are free to move
    randomly as the network topology changes frequently. Each node behave as a router as they
    forward traffic to other specified node in the network.

    MANET may operate as standalone fashion or they can be the part of larger internet. They
    form highly dynamic autonomous topology with the presence of one or multiple different
    transceivers between nodes. The main challenge for the MANET is to equipped each devices
    to continuously maintain the information required to properly route traffic. MANETs consist of
    a peer-to-peer, self-forming, self-healing network MANET’s circa 2000-2015 typically
    communicate at radio frequencies (30MHz-5GHz). This can be used in road safety, ranging
    from sensors for environment, home, health, disaster rescue operations, air/land/navy
    defense, weapons, robots, etc.

    Characteristics of MANET –
     Dynamic Topologies: Network topology which is typically multihops, may change
    randomly and rapidly with time, it can form unidirectional or bi-directional links.
     Bandwidth constrained, variable capacity links: Wireless links usually have lower
    reliability, efficiency, stability and capacity as compared to wired network.The throughput
    of wireless communication is even less than a radio’s maximum transmission rate after
    dealing with the constraints like multiple access, noise, interference conditions, etc.
     Autonomous Behavior: Each nodes can act as a host and router, which shows its
    autonomous behavior.
     Energy Constrained Operation: As some or all the nodes rely on batteries or other
    exhaustible means for their energy.Mobile nodes are characterized with less memory,
    power and light weight features.
     Limited Security: Wireless network are more prone to security threats. A centralized
    firewall is absent due to its destributed nature of operation for security, routing and host
    configuration.
     Less Human Intervention: They require minimum human intervention to configure the
    network, therefore they are dynamically autonomous in nature.

    Pros and Cons of MANET –


    Pros:
    1. Seperation from central network administration.
    2. Each nodes can play both the roles ie. of router and host showing autonomous nature.
    3. Self configuring and self healing nodes, does not require human intervention.
    Cons:
    1. Resources are limited due to various constraints like noise, interference conditions, etc.
    2. Lack of authorization facilities.
    3. More prone to attacks due to limited physical security.
    MANET Routing Protocols
    In Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET), nodes do not know the topology of their network, instead
    they have to discover it by their own as the topology in the ad-hoc network is dynamic
    topology. The basic rules is that a new node whenever enters into an ad-hoc network, must
    announce its arrival and presence and should also listen to similar announcement broadcasts
    made by other mobile nodes.
    1. Pro-active routing protocols:
    These are also known as table-driven routing protocols. Each mobile node maintains a
    separate routing table which contains the information of the routes to all the possible
    destination mobile nodes.

    Since the topology in the mobile ad-hoc network is dynamic, these routing tables are updated
    periodically as and when the network topology changes. It has a limitation that is doesn’t
    work well for the large networks as the entries in the routing table becomes too large since
    they need to maintain the route information to all possible nodes.
    1. Destination Sequenced Distance Vector Routing Protocol (DSDV):
    It is a pro-active/table driven routing protocol. It actually extends the distance vector
    routing protocol of the wired networks as the name suggests. It is based on the Bellman-
    ford routing algorithm. Distance vector routing protocol was not suited for mobile ad-hoc
    networks due to count-to-infinity problem. Hence, as a solution Destination Sequenced
    Distance Vector Routing Protocol (DSDV) came into picture.
    Destination sequence number is added with every routing entry in the routing table
    maintained by each node. A node will include the new update in the table only if the entry
    consists of the new updated route to the destination with higher sequence number.
    2. Global State Routing (GSR):
    It is a pro-active/table driven routing protocol. It actually extends the link state routing of
    the wired networks. It is based on the Dijkstra’s routing algorithm. Link state routing
    protocol was not suited for mobile ad-hoc networks because in it, each node floods the
    link state routing information directly into the whole network i.e. Global flooding which
    may lead to the congestion of control packets in the network.
    Hence, as a solution Global State Routing Routing Protocol (GSR) came into the picture.
    Global state routing doesn’t flood the link state routing packets globally into the network.
    In GSR, each of the mobile node maintains one list and three tables namely, adjacency
    list, topology table, next hop table and distance table.
    2. Reactive routing protocols:
    These are also known as on-demand routing protocol. In this type of routing, the route is
    discovered only when it is required/needed. The process of route discovery occurs by flooding
    the route request packets throughout the mobile network. It consists of two major phases
    namely, route discovery and route maintenance.
    1. Dynamic Source Routing protocol (DSR):
    It is a reactive/on-demand routing protocol. In this type of routing, the route is
    discovered only when it is required/needed. The process of route discovery occurs by
    flooding the route request packets throughout the mobile network.
    It consists of two phases:
     Route Discovery:
    This phase determines the most optimal path for the transmission of data packets
    between the source and the destination mobile nodes.
     Route Maintenance:
    This phase performs the maintenance work of the route as the topology in the
    mobile ad-hoc network is dynamic in nature and hence, there are many cases of link
    breakage resulting in the network failure between the mobile nodes.

    2. Ad-Hoc On Demand Vector Routing protocol (AODV):


    It is a reactive/on-demand routing protocol. It is an extension of dynamic source routing
    protocol (DSR) and it helps to remove the disadvantage of dynamic source routing
    protocol. In DSR, after route discovery, when the source mobile node sends the data
    packet to the destination mobile node, it also contains the complete path in its header.
    Hence, as the network size increases, the length of the complete path also increases and
    the data packet’s header size also increases which makes the whole network slow.
    Hence, Ad-Hoc On Demand Vector Routing protocol came as solution to it. The main
    difference lies in the way of storing the path, AODV stores the path in the routing table
    whereas DSR stores it in the data packet’s header itself. It also operates in two phases in
    the similar fashion: Route discovery and Route maintenance.
    3. Hybrid Routing protocol:
    It basically combines the advantages of both, reactive and pro-active routing protocols. These
    protocols are adaptive in nature and adapts according to the zone and position of the source
    and destination mobile nodes. One of the most popular hybrid routing protocol is Zone
    Routing Protocol (ZRP).
    The whole network is divided into different zones and then the position of source and
    destination mobile node is observed. If the source and destination mobile nodes are present
    in the same zone, then proactive routing is used for the transmission of the data packets
    between them. And if the source and destination mobile nodes are present in different zones,
    then reactive routing is used for the transmission of the data packets between them.

    You might also like