Scribd
Upload
39 views

Introduction To Computers and Programming

Uploaded by

Desny Lê
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
39 views

Introduction To Computers and Programming

Uploaded by

Desny Lê
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 15

Chapter 1:

Introduction to
Computers and
Programming

Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Updated and Recorded by Vo Minh Thanh
Agenda
1.1 Why Program ?
1.2 Computer Systems: Hardware and Software
1.3 Programs and Programming Languages
1.4 What Is a Program Made of ?
1.5 Input, Processing, and Output
1.6 The Programming Process
1.7 Procedural and Object-Oriented Programming
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Updated and Recorded by Vo Minh Thanh
1.1
Why Program?

Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Updated and Recorded by Vo Minh Thanh
Why Program?
Computers can do many different jobs because they are programmable.

Computer – programmable machine designed to follow instructions

Program – A program is a set of instructions that a computer follows to


perform a task. Programs are commonly referred to as software.
Without software, a computer cannot do anything.

Programmer – A programmer, or software developer, is a person with


the training and skills necessary to design, create, and test computer
programs. A person who writes instructions (programs) to make
computer perform a task
Career – Computer programming is an exciting and rewarding career.
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Updated and Recorded by Vo Minh Thanh
1.2
Computer Systems: Hardware and Software

Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Updated and Recorded by Vo Minh Thanh
Main Hardware Component Categories:
1. Central Processing Unit (CPU)
2. Main Memory
3. Secondary Memory / Storage
4. Input Devices
5. Output Devices

Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Updated and Recorded by Vo Minh Thanh
Main Hardware Component Categories

Figure 1-2

Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Updated and Recorded by Vo Minh Thanh
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Comprised of:
Control Unit
Retrieves and decodes program instructions
Coordinates activities of all other parts of computer
Arithmetic & Logic Unit
Hardware optimized for high-speed numeric calculation
Hardware designed for true/false, yes/no decisions

Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Updated and Recorded by Vo Minh Thanh
CPU Organization

Figure 1-3

Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Updated and Recorded by Vo Minh Thanh
Main Memory
• Also called Random Access Memory (RAM)
• It is volatile. Main memory is erased when program
terminates or computer is turned off
• Memory Organized as follows:
– byte: 8 consecutive bits. Bytes have addresses.
– bit: smallest piece of memory. Has values 0 (off, false) or 1
(on, true)

Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Updated and Recorded by Vo Minh Thanh
Main Memory
• Addresses – Each byte in memory is identified by a
unique number known as an address.

• In Figure 1-4, the number 149 is stored in the byte with


the address 16, and the number 72 is stored at address
23.
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Updated and Recorded by Vo Minh Thanh
Secondary Storage
• Non-volatile: data retained when program is not running
or computer is turned off
• Comes in a variety of media:
– magnetic: floppy disk, hard drive
– optical: CD-ROM, DVD
– Flash drives, connected to the USB port

Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Updated and Recorded by Vo Minh Thanh
Input Devices
• Devices that send information to the computer from
outside
• Many devices can provide input:
– Keyboard, mouse, scanner, digital camera, microphone
– Disk drives, CD drives, and DVD drives

Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Updated and Recorded by Vo Minh Thanh
Output Devices
• Output devices are devices that the information is sent to
then these devices will format and present it.
• Common output devices are :
– Monitors, printers, and speakers
– Disk drives, USBs, CD drives, and DVD drives

Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Updated and Recorded by Vo Minh Thanh
Software-Programs
• Software control all the operations of computer
• Categories of software:
– System software: programs that control and manage the
computer hardware and the programs that run on them.
Examples: operating systems, utility programs, software
development tools
– Application software: programs that provide services to the
user. Examples : word processing, games, programs to solve
specific problems

Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Updated and Recorded by Vo Minh Thanh

You might also like