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Practice Set 1: MA 202 - Probability & Statistics January 10, 2020

This document contains 9 practice problems for a probability and statistics class. The problems cover a range of probability topics, including: using probability axioms to prove identities; partitioning a sample space; showing a probability law satisfies normalization; expressing events in terms of other events; identifying sample space types; calculating meeting probabilities for random walks; and determining the probability of winning a number game.

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40 views2 pages

Practice Set 1: MA 202 - Probability & Statistics January 10, 2020

This document contains 9 practice problems for a probability and statistics class. The problems cover a range of probability topics, including: using probability axioms to prove identities; partitioning a sample space; showing a probability law satisfies normalization; expressing events in terms of other events; identifying sample space types; calculating meeting probabilities for random walks; and determining the probability of winning a number game.

Uploaded by

Fake Wala
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Practice Set 1

MA 202 - Probability & Statistics


January 10, 2020

1. For events A, B and C, using probability Axioms, prove the following


(a) 0 ≤ P(A) ≤ 1.
(b) P(A ∪ B) = P(A) + P(B) − P(A ∩ B).
(c) P(A ∪ B ∪ C) = P(A) + P(B) + P(C) − P(A ∩ B) − P(A ∩ C) − P(B ∩ C) + P(A ∩ B ∩ C)
(d) P(A ∩ B) ≥ P(A) + P(B) − 1.
(e) For events A1 , A2 , · · · An , using (e), establish the following generalization

P(A1 ∩ A2 ∩ · · · ∩ An ) ≥ P(A1 ) + P(A2 ) + · · · + P(An ) − (n − 1).

2. Let S1 , S2 , · · · , Sn be a partition of the sample space Ω (i.e. ∪ni=1 Si = Ω, Si ∩ Sj = φ, i 6= j).


(a) Show that for any event A, P(A) = ni=1 P(Si ∩ A).
P

(b) Use part (2.a) to show that, for events A, B and C,

P(A) = P(A ∩ B) + P(A ∩ C) + P(A ∩ B c ∩ C c ) − P(A ∩ B ∩ C).

3. Let Ω = {0, 1, 2, · · · }. For λ > 0, show that the probability law p(n) = e−λ λn /n!, n =
0, 1, 2, · · · satisfies the normalization axiom.
4. Express each of the following events in terms of the events A, B, C and D and using the
operations of complementation, union and intersection:
a. at least one of the events A, B, C, D occurs
b. at most one of the events A, B, C, D occurs
c. none of the events A, B, C, D occurs
d. all four events A, B, C, D occur
e. exactly two of the events A, B, C, D occur
f. events A and B occur but not C and D
5. In the following random experiments, identify finite, countably infinite and uncountable sample
spaces.

1
(a) In a coin tossing experiment, the face appears on top.
(b) In a coin tossing experiment the number of times the coin turns in the air.
(c) In a coin tossing experiment the speed with which the coin hits the ground.
(d) In a coin tossing experiment the number of tosses required to get first head.
(e) While playing the darts, the collection of points of hit. The region is a circle of radius r.
6. Two friends have a meeting at a given time, and each will arrive at the meeting place with a
delay between 0 and 1 hour, with all pairs of delays being equally likely. The first to arrive will
wait for 15 minutes and will leave if the other has not yet arrived. What is the probability that
they will meet?
7. Two players A and B both randomly choose an integer from {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}. If
player A number is no more than 2 away from player B number, player A wins. What is your
probability of winning of A.
(a) A can choose any number from the set.
(b) Assume A make wise choices.
8. Two drunken A and B want to meet each other. A is at point (2, 2) and B is at point (6, 5).
Each of them start at the same time and assume that they travel equal steps in equal time. A
can only go either right or up randomly and B can either go left or down randomly. What is the
probability that they will meet each other.

B(6, 5)

A(2, 2)

9. Calculate the probability of meeting, if we have the following grid.

B(6, 6)

A(2, 2)

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