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    Unit LV Digital Electronics

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    Sadan Sri
    Logic gates are basic building blocks of digital circuits that take binary inputs and produce binary outputs. The seven basic logic gates are AND, OR, XOR, NOT, NAND, NOR, and XNOR. An AND gate outputs 1 only if all inputs are 1. An OR gate outputs 1 if any input is 1. A NOT gate inverts its single input. Half adders and full adders are digital circuits used to perform addition of binary numbers, with full adders handling more than two bits.

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    Unit LV Digital Electronics

    Uploaded by

    Sadan Sri
    25 views6 pages
    Logic gates are basic building blocks of digital circuits that take binary inputs and produce binary outputs. The seven basic logic gates are AND, OR, XOR, NOT, NAND, NOR, and XNOR. An AND gate outputs 1 only if all inputs are 1. An OR gate outputs 1 if any input is 1. A NOT gate inverts its single input. Half adders and full adders are digital circuits used to perform addition of binary numbers, with full adders handling more than two bits.

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    Unit Lv Digital Electronics

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    Logic gates are basic building blocks of digital circuits that take binary inputs and produce binary outputs. The seven basic logic gates are AND, OR, XOR, NOT, NAND, NOR, and XNOR. An AND gate outputs 1 only if all inputs are 1. An OR gate outputs 1 if any input is 1. A NOT gate inverts its single input. Half adders and full adders are digital circuits used to perform addition of binary numbers, with full adders handling more than two bits.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    25 views6 pages

    Unit LV Digital Electronics

    Uploaded by

    Sadan Sri
    Logic gates are basic building blocks of digital circuits that take binary inputs and produce binary outputs. The seven basic logic gates are AND, OR, XOR, NOT, NAND, NOR, and XNOR. An AND gate outputs 1 only if all inputs are 1. An OR gate outputs 1 if any input is 1. A NOT gate inverts its single input. Half adders and full adders are digital circuits used to perform addition of binary numbers, with full adders handling more than two bits.

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    Unit lv Digital electronics :: Logic gates :

    DEFINITION ::
    A logic gate is an elementary building block of a digital circuit. Most logic gates have two inputs and
    one output. At any given moment, every terminal is in one of the two binaryconditions low (0)
    or high (1), represented by different voltage levels. The logic state of a terminal can, and generally
    does, change often, as the circuit processes data. In most logic gates, the low state is approximately
    zero volts (0 V), while the high state is approximately five volts positive (+5 V).There are seven basic
    logic gates: AND, OR, XOR, NOT, NAND, NOR, and XNOR.

    1. AND gate ::

    An AND gate is a digital circuit having two inputs and one out put. The out put is high if and olny if
    both inputs are high.

    AND gate truth table ::

    Input Input Output


    A B X= A.B

      0   0   0

      0 1   0

    1   0   0

    1 1 1

    circuit for AND gate.


    OR gate :::The OR gate gets its name from the fact that it behaves after the fashion of the logical
    inclusive "or." The output is high if either or both of the inputs are high If both inputs are low then
    the output is low.

    Out put X = 1 if either A or B or both are 1. Hence out put of OR gate X = A+B.

    OR gate

    Truth table of OR gate ::


    Input Input B O/P X = A+ B
    A

      0   0 0 

      0 1 1

    1   0 1

    1 1 1

    circuit for OR gate.

    NOTgate ::
    A logical inverter , sometimes called a NOT gate to differentiate it from other types of electronic

    inverter devices, has only one input. It reverses the logic state.

     Inverter or NOT gate truth table


    Input A Output X=
    A’

    0   1

      1 0

    The NAND gate operates as an AND gate followed by a NOT gate. It acts in the manner of the logical
    operation "and" followed by negation. The output is "false" if both inputs are "true." Otherwise, the
    output is "true."

    NAND gateThe NAND gate operates as an AND gate followed by a NOT gate. It acts in the manner
    of the logical operation "and" followed by negation. The output is equal to the complementary of
    AND gate. NAND gate of A and B inputs = Q = (A. B )’

    NAND gate

    Input A Input B O/P X= (A.B)’

      0   0 (0.0) ‘ = 1

      0 1 (0.1)’ = 1

    1   0 (1.0)‘= 1

    1 1   (1.1)’= 0

    NOR gate ::

    The NOR gate is a combination OR gate followed by an inverter. So it is the complementary of OR


    gate . NOR gate between A and B = Q = (A+B)’
    Adder circuits ::
    Adders are digital circuits that carry out addition of numbers . it adds the binary bits. There are two
    types if adder circuits .1. half adder which adds two binary bits only and 2. Full adder which add
    more than two bits.

    Half Adder

    Half adder is a combinational circuit that performs simple addition of two binary numbers.

    It has two inputs and two out puts. The block diagram of a half adder is shown below.

    Schematic Representation of Half Adder : circuit diagram ::

    Half adder with AND gates: ::


    Full Adder :
    Full adder is a digital circuit used to calculate the sum of three binary bits which is the main
    difference between this and half adder. Full adders are complex and difficult to implement when
    compared to half adders. Two of the three bits are same as before which are A, the augend bit and
    B, the addend bit. The additional third bit is carry bit from the previous stage and is called Carry –
    in generally represented by CIN. It calculates the sum of three bits along with the carry. The
    output carry is called Carry – out and is represented by COUT.

    The block diagram of a full adder with A, B and CIN as inputs and S, CoUT as outputs is shown 

    Block diagram of Full adder :


    Full adder : block diagram::

    **Binary Decimal Conversion Chart Table


    Binary Decimal

    0000 0

    0001 1

    0010 2

    0011 3

    0100 4

    0101 5

    0110 6

    0111 7

    1000 8

    1001 9

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