MITADT’s

MIT School of Engineering

UNIT III LASER AND PHOTONICS

Questions

1. Explain spontaneous and stimulated emission. (4)

2. What is population inversion and how it can be achieved? (2)

3. What is lasing action? Explain in detail (6)

4. What are components of a laser device? Explain their operations. (6)

5. What is a resonant cavity? What is its importance for working of the Laser? (4)

6. Describe the construction and working of Ruby Laser with necessary diagrams. (6)

7. Describe the construction and working of He-Ne laser with necessary diagrams. (6)

8. What is a semi-conductor laser? (4)

9. List the properties of LASER light. (4)

10. Why is LASER monochromatic? which factor decides this property? (2)
11. Why is LASER light highly intense? which factor decides this property? (2)

12. Define acceptance angle and Numerical aperture and give their expressions. (4)

13. Explain the block diagram of the fibre optic communication system. (4)

14. Describe advantages of optical fibre communication system over the normal cable
communication system. (6)
15. Write Short notes on (a) Photonic crystal (b) Fiber Bragg Grating (4)
16. How is light guided through an optical fiber? (2)
17. What is the difference between Ruby laser and He:Ne laser (4)
18. What is the difference between He:Ne laser and semiconductor laser (4)
19. Explain pumping mechanism of Ruby laser with energy level diagram. (4)
20. Explain pumping mechanism of He:Ne laser with energy level diagram. (4)
21. Why is coolant used in ruby laser ? (2)
22. Why is RUBY laser is pulsed ? (2)
23. Why is He:Ne laser is continuous? (2)

Problems

1. A typical He-Ne laser emits radiations of wavelength 6328 angstroms. How many photons per
second would be emitted by a one mili-watt He-Ne laser? (4)
nhc
(Hint: E=nhυ= )
λ
2. In an optical fibre, the core material has refractive index 1.6 and the refractive index of clad
material is 1.4. Calculate critical angle and acceptance angle. (4)

(Hint: Critical angle: θc = sin-1 (n2/n1), Acceptance angle: θA= sin-1 (n12 – n22)1/2

3. Calculate the refractive indices of the core and the cladding material of a fibre from the
following data. (4)
Numerical aperture= 0.22, Δ=0.012

(Hint: NA = n1 (2Δ)1/2 , Δ = (n1 – n2 )/n1 )

Unit – IV Quantum mechanics and Nano technology

1. State the de’ Broglie hypothesis and derive de’ Broglie wavelength for an electron in terms of its
kinetic energy.
2. Explain wave-particle dual nature of matter waves ? (4)
3. Derive time dependent Schrodinger wave equation for a particle. (6)
4. Derive time independent Schrodinger wave equation for a particle. (6)
5. Explain eigen value and eigen function. (2)
6. State and Explain Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle. (4)
7. For the case of particle in a one dimensional rigid box draw the diagram and explain boundary
conditions for this system. (4)
8. Derive expression for energy of particle in a one dimensional infinite potential well. (6)
9. Derive and explain the wavefunction and probability density for a particle in a rigid box. (6)
10. Explain any one Physical synthesis method of nanoparticles. (4)
11. Explain any 6 properties of nanostructures. (6)
12. Explain any one Chemical synthesis method of nanoparticles. (6)
13. Explain any three applications of Nano-technology in detail. (6)
14. Why nanoparticles show different properties than their bulk counter parts? (4)
15. Explain optical properties of nanoparticles. (2)
16. What are the applications of nanotechnology in the field of automobile industry? (2)
17. Explain the growth mechanism of nanoparticles with lamer diagram. (4)
18. What are the applications of nanotechnology in the field of electronics industry? (2)
19. What are the applications of nanotechnology in the field of medical branch (2)
20. If a particles is in infinite potential well then show that E=n2h2/8mL2 (6)
21. Explain the phenomena of tunneling effect. (3)
22. Explain Heisenberg uncertainty principle and prove this principle by single slit experiment. (6)

Problems
1. An electron beam is accelerated from rest through a potential difference of 200V. Calculated
the de’ Broglie wavelength associated with the electron. (4)
(Hint: de’ Broglie Wavelength: λ = h/p)
2. Find the kinetic energy of an electron whose de Broglie wavelength is the same
as the wavelength of a 100 KeV X ray. (4)

(Hint: Kinetic energy of electron E = 1/2 mev2, Photon energy: E = hc/λ, de’ Broglie Wavelength
λ = h/p)

3. Using the uncertainty principle, estimate the minimum kinetic energy of an electron confined
within a region whose size is l = 0.20 nm. (4)
(Hint: Δx Δp = ћ/2, Kinetic energy of electron E = p2/(2m))
4. Lowest energy of an electron trapped in a potential well 38 eV. Calculate the width of the well.
(4)
(L=0.9965 A0)
5. An electron is trapped in a rigid box of width 2 A0 find its lowest energy level and momentum.
Hence find the energy of the 3 rd level. (6)
-24
(E1 9.434 eV, P= 1.66x10 kg.m/S, E3= 84.906eV)

Unit – V Green energy physics

1. Write short notes: (4 marks each)

(i) Geothermal energy