DAO1704X & DSC1007X

Week 7

Data Intelligence

1
 Learning Objectives
• Master basic Excel skills, in particular PivotTable
• Perform descriptive analytics
• Develop data visualization

2
 Basic Analytics Steps

Model or
Data Descriptive Data
Data Input Processing Statistics Visualization
Report Output Presentation
Generation

3
 Every analytics project starts with
questions

• Data on Elecmart Sales

• Q1. How are sales transactions distributed among regions?
• Q2. On average, which gender spends more, male or
female?
• Q3. What is the distribution of total cost?
• Q4. If Elecmart wants to conduct a promotion, which day in
a week is the best and where?

4
Understanding of your data set

Categorical Variable
• Also known as Qualitative Variable
• Example: Gender, Occupation

Numerical Variable
• Also known as Quantitative Variable
• Example: Salary

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 Excel Function

• There are functions in Excel to count data based on

condition(s)

• countifs

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 Answering Q1.
•How are sales transactions distributed among
regions?

• Count the number of transactions by regions

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 Describing Categorical Data

• Example: Elecmart Sales

70
Male
60

50

40
Male MidWest
30 Female NorthEast
West
20 South

10

0
MidWest NorthEast West South

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 Practice

• Please explore which time slot has the largest

number of transactions?

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 Describing Numerical Data

• Example: ElecMart Sales Column1

• Summary Statistics Mean

Standard Error
153.818

4.868652

Median 126.72

Mode 113.95

Standard Deviation 97.37304

Sample Variance 9481.508

Kurtosis 0.774828

Skewness 1.093076

Range 478.19

Minimum 6.82

Maximum 485.01

Sum 61527.21

Count 400

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 Numerical vs Categorical

• On average, which gender spends more, male

or female?

• Split data into different small partitions based on

condition(s)

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 Excel Function

• There are functions in Excel to calculate the average of

numerical variables based on condition(s)

• averageifs

12
 Answering Q2.
• On average, which gender spends more, male or
female?
• Find out the gender-specific average spending (total cost)
• Find out region variability in average spending

13
 Multi-Objective Visualization
• Combo Chart

14
 Answering Q3

•What is the distribution of total cost?

•Histogram to show the basic shape

15
 Finding Relationship

• Explore a possible relationship between two

numerical variables

The number of items in a transaction versus average

spending per item in a transaction

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 Pivot Table
• An interactive worksheet table that
• Provides a powerful tool for summarizing large amount of
data;
• Calculates totals, averages, counts, percentages, etc. based
on any numeric fields in your table;
• Generates charts on summarized information

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 Flexible

Visible
Pivot Interactive

Table

Dynamic

18
 Data Preparation

• Data should be arranged in a list

• Columns represent fields
• Rows represent a record of related data
• First row = column label
• Remove subtotals
• Convert list into Excel table

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Fundamentals of Pivot Table
Construct Pivot Table

Arrange Data

Calculate Data

Format the table

Construct Pivot Chart

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Fundamentals of Pivot Table
Construct Pivot Table

Arrange Data

Calculate Data

Format the table

Construct Pivot Chart

21
 Arranging Data

• Arrange rows and columns based on your business

questions
• Filter data if necessary
• Sorting

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 Construct a Pivot table
• Place mouse cursor inside the region of data.
• Choose “Insert | Pivot Table” from the menu bar.

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 Data fields for selection

Fields to be placed in columns

Filtering factor

Fields to be
placed in rows Values to be summarised

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 Practice

• Organize ElecMart data by region and gender,

filtered by card type.
• Build Pivot Chart to visualise the data.

25
Fundamentals of Pivot Table
Construct Pivot Table

Arrange Data

Calculate Data

Format the table

Construct Pivot Chart

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 Calculate Data

• Change field settings

• Multiple calculation

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 Change field setting

Right click on the field Select your desired field

28
Multiple Calculations

You can add multiple

calculations of the same
field in pivot table

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 Practice

• Please explore which time slot has the largest

spending

• Consider time and region at the same time

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Summarize by count

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 Answering Q4

•If Elecmart wants to conduct a promotion, which

day in a week is the best and where?

• Using Pivot table

32
Fundamentals of Pivot Table
Construct Pivot Table

Arrange Data

Calculate Data

Format the table

Construct Pivot Chart

33
 Formatting Table

• Display data in various forms

• Grouping Data

34
Show value as

35
 Grouping

• Select both Date and Total Cost in the pivot table.

• Right click on any date data and select “Group”.
• Select group by “Month”.

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Grouping

37
 Grouping by value

• Select “TotalCost” and “HighItem” in pivot table.

• Right click on any highitem data. Select “Group”
• Specify the range of value you want to summarize.

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Grouping by value

39
Fundamentals of Pivot Table
Construct Pivot Table

Arrange Data

Calculate Data

Format the table

Construct Pivot Chart

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Pivot Chart

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 Take-home Message

• Excel is powerful to do the basic descriptive analytics

• Pivot table is a quick way to summarize your data and

draw visualization

• If possible, using charts is a more effective way to

convey information.

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