The City School Peshawar Campus

Name ----------------------------------------------- Date -----------------------------

Class level . A level Subject Physics

Write your centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid.
DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES.

Answer all questions.

Electronic calculators may be used.

You may lose marks if you do not show your working or if you do not use appropriate units.

At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.
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Data
speed of light in free space c = 3.00 × 108 m s−1

permeability of free space 

= 4 × 10−7 H m−1
0

permittivity of free space 

0 = 8.85 × 10−12 F m−1
1
( = 8.99 × 109 m F−1)
40
elementary charge e = 1.60 × 10−19 C

the Planck constant h = 6.63 × 10−34 J s

unified atomic mass unit 1 u= 1.66 × 10−27 kg

rest mass of electron me= 9.11 × 10−31 kg

mp= 1.67 ×
rest mass of proton
10−27 kg
molar gas constant R = 8.31 J K−1 mol−1

the Avogadro constant NA= 6.02 × 1023 mol−1

the Boltzmann constant k = 1.38 × 10−23 J K−1

G= 6.67 × 10−11 N
gravitational constant
m2 kg−2
acceleration of free fall g = 9.81 m s−2

Formulae
uniformly accelerated motion s = ut+ 12at 2
v2=u
2
+2as

work done on/by a gas W = pV

G
m =
gravitational potential
−
r
hydrostatic pressure p = gh
p = 13
pressure of an ideal gas Nm
V〈c2〉
a =
simple harmonic motion −
 2x
velocity of particle in s.h.m. v = v0 cos t
2 2
v = ± (x0-x )
s
 3

fv
Doppler effect fo = v ± vs

Q
electric potential V=
40r
capacitors in series 1/C = 1/C1 + 1/C2 + . .
.
capacitors in parallel C = C1 + C2 + . . .

energy of charged capacitor W = QV

electric current I = Anvq

resistors in series R = R1 + R2 + . . .
1/R = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + . .
resistors in parallel
.

Answer all the questions in the spaces provided.

[Turn over
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1 (a) Two point masses are separated by a distance x in a vacuum.

State an expression for the force F between the two masses M and m.
State the name of any other symbol used.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[1]

(b) A small sphere S is attached to one end of a rod, as shown in Fig. 1.1.

thread

rod
small sphere S

8.0 cm

view from side

Fig. 1.1 (not to scale)

The rod hangs from a vertical thread and is horizontal.

The distance from the centre of sphere S to the thread is 8.0 cm.

A large sphere L is placed near to sphere S, as shown in Fig. 1.2.

large sphere L
 5

initial position
of rod
6.0 cm

final position
of rod 
1.2 mm
small sphere S
8.0 cm
thread
view

from above

Fig. 1.2 (not to scale)

There is a force of attraction between spheres S and L, causing sphere S to move through a distance
of 1.2 mm.
The line joining the centres of S and L is normal to the rod.

(i) Show that the angle  through which the rod rotates is 1.5 × 10–2 rad.

[Turn over
 6

[1]

(ii) The rotation of the rod causes the thread to twist.

The torque T (in N m) required to twist the thread through an angle  (in rad) is given by

T = 9.3 × 10–10 × .

Calculate the torque in the thread when sphere L is positioned as shown in Fig. 1.2.

torque = .................................................. N m [1]

(c) The distance between the centres of spheres S and L is 6.0 cm.
The mass of sphere S is 7.5g and the mass of sphere L is1.3 kg.

(i) By equating the torque in (b)(ii) to the moment about the thread produced by
gravitational attraction between the spheres, calculate a value for the gravitational
constant.

gravitational constant = ............................................... N m2 kg–2 [3]

(ii)Suggest why the total force between the spheres may not be equal to the force
calculated using Newton’s law of
gravitation. ..................................................................................................................
.........................

.......................................................................................................................................
[1]

[ Total 7 ]
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2 (a) The first law of thermodynamics may be expressed in the form

U = q + w.

(i) State, for a system, what is meant by:

1. +q

........................................................................................................................................... ...............

............................................................................................................................

2. +w.

..........................................................................................................................................
.

..........................................................................................................................................
.
[2]

(ii) State what is represented by a negative value of U.

..........................................................................................................................................
.

.......................................................................................................................................
[1]

[Turn over
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(b) An ideal gas, sealed in a container, undergoes the cycle of changes shown in Fig. 2.1.

volume / 10–3 m3

Fig. 2.1

At point A, the gas has volume 2.4 × 10–3 m3, pressure 1.6 × 105 Pa and temperature 300 K.

The gas is compressed suddenly so that no thermal energy enters or leaves the gas during the
compression. The amount of work done is 480 J so that, at point B, the gas has volume 8.7
× 10–4 m3, pressure 6.6 × 105 Pa and temperature 450 K.

The gas is now cooled at constant volume so that, between points B and C, 1100 J of
thermal energy is transferred. At point C, the gas has pressure 1.6 × 10 5 Pa and temperature
110 K.

Finally, the gas is returned to point A.

(i) State and explain the total change in internal energy of the gas for one complete cycle ABCA.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[2]
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(ii) Calculate the external work done on the gas during the expansion from point C to point A.

work done = ...................................................... J [2]

(iii) Complete Fig. 2.2 for the changes from:

1. point A to point B

2. point B to point C

3. point C to point A.
change +q / J +w / J U / J

A B
.................... .................... ....................
B C
.................... .................... ....................
C A
.................... .................... ....................
Fig. 2.2
[4]

[Total: 11]
3 A spring is hung vertically from a fixed point. A mass M is hung from the other end of the spring, as
illustrated in Fig. 3.1.

spring

mass M

Fig. 3.1

The mass is displaced downwards and then released. The subsequent motion of the mass is simple
harmonic.

The variation with time t of the length L of the spring is shown in Fig. 3.2.

[Turn over
 10

16

L / cm

14

12

10

8
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

t/s

Fig. 3.2

(a) State:

(i) one time at which the mass is moving with maximum speed

time = ..................................................... s [1]

(ii) one time at which the spring has maximum elastic potential energy.

time = ...................................................... s [1]

(b) Use data from Fig. 3.2 to determine, for the motion of the mass:

(i) the angular frequency

angular frequency = .............................................. rad s–1 [2]

(ii) the maximum speed

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maximum speed = ................................................ m s –1 [2]

(iii) the magnitude of the maximum acceleration.

maximum acceleration = ................................................ m s –2 [2]

(c) The mass M is now suspended from two springs, each identical to that in Fig. 3.1, as shown in
Fig. 3.3.

mass M

[Turn over
 12

Fig. 3.3

Suggest and explain the change, if any, in the period of oscillation of the mass. A numerical answer is
not required.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[2]

[Total: 10]
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4 (a) State what is meant by the specific acoustic impedance of a medium.

..................................................................................................................................................
.

..................................................................................................................................................
.

...............................................................................................................................................
[2]

(b) A parallel beam of ultrasound of intensity I0 is incident on the boundary between two media A and
B, as illustrated in Fig. 4.1.

medium A medium B
Z Z
specific acoustic impedance A specific acoustic impedance B

incident transmitted
intensity I0 intensity IT

Fig. 4.1

The two media A and B have specific acoustic impedances ZA and ZB respectively.
The intensity of the beam transmitted through the boundary is IT.

State how the ratio

I
intensity T of transmitted beam
I
intensity 0 of incident beam

depends on the relative magnitudes of ZA and ZB.

..................................................................................................................................................
.

..................................................................................................................................................
.

..................................................................................................................................................
.

...............................................................................................................................................
[2]

[Turn over
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(c) The linear absorption (attenuation) coefficient  of medium B is 23 m–1.

Calculate the thickness of medium B required to reduce the intensity of the ultrasound beam to 34%
of its initial intensity in medium B.

thickness = ..................................................... m [3]

[Total:7]
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5 State what is meant by electric potential at a point.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[2]

(b) Two parallel metal plates A and B are held a distance d apart in a vacuum, as illustrated in Fig.
6.1.
plate B
+V 0

x
P
d

0V
plate A

Fig. 6.1

Plate A is earthed and plate B is at a potential of +V0.

Point P is situated in the centre region between the plates at a distance x from plate B.
The potential at point P is V.

On Fig. 6.2, show the variation with x of the potential V for values of x from x = 0 to x = d.

+V 0
potential
V

0
0 d

distance x

Fig. 6.2 [3]

(c) Two isolated solid metal spheres M and N, each of radius R, are situated in a vacuum. Their
centres are a distance D apart, as illustrated in Fig. 6.3.
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sphere M sphere N
charge + Q charge + Q
P
R R

Fig. 6.3

Each sphere has charge +Q.

Point P lies on the line joining the centres of the two spheres, and is a distance y from the
centre of sphere M.

On Fig. 6.4, show the variation with distance y of the electric potential at point P, for
values of y from y = 0 to y = D.
+

potential

0
0 R (D – R ) D
y

Fig. 6.4
[4]

[Total: 9]
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6 (a) State Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction.

..................................................................................................................................................
.

..................................................................................................................................................
.

...............................................................................................................................................
[2]

(b) An ideal transformer is illustrated in Fig. 10.1.

soft-iron
core

E load
resistor

primary coil secondary coil

2700 turns 450 turns

Fig. 10.1

Explain why, when there is an alternating current in the primary coil, there is a current in the load
resistor.

..................................................................................................................................................
.

..................................................................................................................................................
.

..................................................................................................................................................
.

..................................................................................................................................................
.

...............................................................................................................................................
[3]

(c) The primary coil in (b) has 2700 turns. The secondary coil has 450 turns.

The e.m.f. E applied across the primary coil is given by the expression

E = 220 sin(100t )

where E is measured in volts and t is the time in seconds.

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Calculate the root-mean-square (r.m.s.) e.m.f. induced in the secondary coil.

r.m.s. e.m.f. = ...................................................... V [3]

[Total: 8]