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Heat Load Calculation

This document discusses the importance of conducting a thorough building survey to accurately assess the heating and cooling loads of a space before selecting HVAC equipment. A comprehensive survey considers factors like orientation, construction materials, windows, lighting, appliances, and ventilation. It also identifies available spaces for equipment, obstructions, fire barriers, utility locations, and design conditions like outdoor weather. Conducting a detailed survey of all load sources and space characteristics lays the foundation for realistically estimating loads and economically designing an appropriate HVAC system for a building.

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santosh Indulkar
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355 views5 pages

Heat Load Calculation

This document discusses the importance of conducting a thorough building survey to accurately assess the heating and cooling loads of a space before selecting HVAC equipment. A comprehensive survey considers factors like orientation, construction materials, windows, lighting, appliances, and ventilation. It also identifies available spaces for equipment, obstructions, fire barriers, utility locations, and design conditions like outdoor weather. Conducting a detailed survey of all load sources and space characteristics lays the foundation for realistically estimating loads and economically designing an appropriate HVAC system for a building.

Uploaded by

santosh Indulkar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INTRODUCTION

The primary function of air conditioning is to maintain conditions that are


(1) conducive to human comfort, or (2) required by a product, or process within a
space.

To perform this function, equipment of the proper capacity must be installed


and controlled throughout the year. The equipment capacity is determined by
the actual instantaneous peak load requirements; type of control is determined by
the conditions to be maintained during peak and partial load.

Before the load can be estimated, it is imperative that a comprehensive


survey be made to assure accurate evaluation of the load components. If the
building facilities and the actual instantaneous load within a given mass of the
building are carefully studied, an economical equipment selection and system
design can result, and smooth, trouble free performance is then possible.

The heat gain or loss is the amount of heat instantaneously coming into or
going out of the space. The actual load is defined as that amount of heat which is
instantaneously added or removed by the equipment.

BUILDING SURVEY

Space Characteristics and Heat Load Sources

An accurate survey of the load components of the space to be air conditioned


is a basic requirement for a realistic estimate of cooling and heating loads. The
completeness and accuracy of this survey is the very foundation of the estimate,
and its importance cannot be overemphasized.
FUNDAMANTELS OF REFRIGERATION

Mechanical and architectural drawings, complete field sketches and, in some


cases, photographs of important aspects are part of a good survey. The following
physical aspects must be considered:

1. Orientation of building - Location of the space to be air conditioned with


respect to:
a. Compass points - sun and wind effects.(N,S,E & W)
b. Nearby permanent structures - shading effects.
c. Reflective surfaces - water, sand, parking lots, etc.
2. Use of space(s) – Office, hospital, department store, specialty shop, machine
shop, factory, assembly plant, etc.
3. Physical dimensions of space(s) - Length, width, and height.
4. Ceiling height - Floor to floor height, floor to ceiling, clearance between
suspended ceiling and beams.
5. Columns and beams - Size, depth.
6. Construction materials - Materials and thickness of walls, roof, ceiling,
floors and partitions.
7. Surrounding conditions - Exterior color of walls and roof, shaded by
adjacent building or sunlit, Surrounding spaces conditioned or
unconditioned- temperature of non-conditioned adjacent spaces, such as
furnace or boiler room, and kitchens.
8. Windows - Size and location, wood or metal sash, single or double hung.
Type of shading device. Dimensions of reveals and overhangs.
9. Doors - Location, type, size, and frequency of use.
10. Stairways, elevators, and escalators - Location, temperature of space if open
to unconditioned area. Horsepower of machinery, ventilated or not.

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FUNDAMANTELS OF REFRIGERATION

11. People - Number, duration of occupancy, nature of activity, any special


concentration. At times, it is required to estimate the number of people on
the basis of square feet per person, or on average traffic.
12. Lighting - Wattage at peak. Type- incandescent, fluorescent, recessed, ex-
posed. If the lights are recessed, the type of air flow over the lights, exhaust,
return or supply, should be anticipated. At times, it is required to estimate
the wattage on a basis of watts per sq ft, due to lack of exact information.
13.Appliances, business machines, electronic equipment – Location, rated
wattage.
14.Ventilation – Cfm per person, cfm per sq ft.

Location of Equipment and Service

The building survey should also include information which enables the
engineer to select equipment location, and plan the air and water distribution
systems. The following is a guide to obtaining this information:

1. Available spaces – Location of all stairwells, elevator shafts, pipe shafts,


dumbwaiter shafts, etc., and spaces for air handing apparatus, refrigeration
machines, cooling towers, pumps, and services.
2. Possible obstructions – Locations of all electrical conduits, piping lines, and
other obstructions or interferences that may be in the way of the duct system.
3. Location of all fire walls and partitions – Requiring fire dampers.
4. Location of outdoor air intakes – In reference to street, other buildings, wind
direction, dirt, and short-circuiting of unwanted contaminants.
5. Power service – Location, capacity, current limitations, voltage, phases and
cycle, 3 or 4 wire; how additional power (if required) may be brought in and
where.

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FUNDAMANTELS OF REFRIGERATION

6. Water service – Location, size of lines, capacity, pressure, maximum


temperature.
7. Architectural characteristics of space – For selection of outlets that will
blend into the space design.
8. Existing air conveying equipment and ducts – For possible reuse.
9. Drains – Location and capacity, sewage disposal.
10. Control facilities –Electrical.
11. Foundation and support – Requirements and facilities, strength of building.
12. Sound and vibration control requirements – Relation of refrigeration and air
handling apparatus location to critical areas.
13. Accessibility for moving equipment to the final location – Elevators,
stairways, doors, accessibility from street.

DESIGN CONDITIONS

Outside/Ambient/Climatic Conditions

The Climatic Conditions or Outside Weather Conditions, vary from place to place
(based on the location i.e. Latitude & Altitude), Season (viz. summer, monsoon,
winter), Month to Month and, also based on the Time of the day.

Refer table no

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FUNDAMANTELS OF REFRIGERATION

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